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Abdominal wall

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Boundary of abdominal cavity

Abdominal wall
Body cavities
Diagram of sheath of rectus above the arcuate line.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	paries abdominalis
MeSH	D034861
FMA	10429
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

In anatomy, theabdominal wall represents the boundaries of theabdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the anterolateral and posterior walls.^[1]

There is a common set of layers covering and forming all the walls: the deepest being thevisceral peritoneum, which covers many of the abdominal organs (most of the large and small intestines, for example), and theparietal peritoneum—which covers the visceral peritoneum below it, theextraperitoneal fat, thetransversalis fascia, the internal and external oblique and transversus abdominis aponeurosis, and a layer offascia, which has different names according to what it covers (e.g., transversalis, psoas fascia).^[2]

In medical vernacular, the term 'abdominal wall' most commonly refers to the layers composing the anterior abdominal wall which, in addition to the layers mentioned above, includes the three layers of muscle: thetransversus abdominis (transverse abdominal muscle), theinternal (obliquus internus) and theexternal oblique (obliquus externus).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Structure

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The contour of the abdominal wall is roughly hexagonal. Its superior border is bounded by the coastal margins, lateral borders by mid-axillary lines, and inferior borders bounded by the anterior half of the iliac crest, inguinal ligaments, pubic crest, and pubic symphysis.^[4]

Layers

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Inhuman anatomy, the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall are (from superficial to deep):^[1]^[2]

Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Fascia
- Camper's fascia - fatty superficial layer.
- Scarpa's fascia - deep fibrous layer.
- Superficial abdominal fascia
Muscle
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Peritoneum

Inner surface

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The surface contains several ligaments separated by fossae:^[5]

Ligament/fold	Remnant of	Lateral fossa	Hernia
median umbilical ligament	urachus	supravesical fossa	supravesical hernia (rare)
medial umbilical ligament	umbilical artery	medial inguinal fossa	direct inguinal hernia
lateral umbilical fold	inferior epigastric vessels	lateral inguinal fossa	indirect inguinal hernia

References

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^^a ^b ^cMoore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M.R. (2014).Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 180–186.ISBN 978-1-4511-1945-9.
^^a ^b ^cDrake, Richard L.; Vogl, A. Wayne; Mitchell, Adam W. M. (2015).Gray's Anatomy For Students. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 259–260.ISBN 978-0-7020-5131-9.
^"Duke Anatomy - Lab 5: Anterior Abdominal Body Wall & Abdominal Viscera".web.duke.edu. Retrieved2019-09-02.
^Mahadevan, Vishy (June 2009)."Anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and groin".Surgery (Oxford).27 (6):251–254.doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2009.03.002.
^"Morphologic Variations of the Umbilical Ring, Umbilical Ligaments and Ligamentum Teres Hepatis".ResearchGate. Retrieved2019-09-02.

External links

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skel&wallsabd at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) - "Skeleton of the Abdomen", Wesley Norman, PhD, DSc
Abdominal+Wall at the U.S. National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Archived 2004-06-11 at theWayback Machine -University of Edinburgh Faculty of Medicine
Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall Archived 2011-07-09 at theWayback Machine -University of Arkansas
YouTube video of abdominal wall form Colorectal Disease Journal

Anatomy of theperitoneum andmesentery

General

Abdominal

From ventral mesentery	Lesser omentum Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament Liver Coronary ligament (Left triangular ligament Right triangular ligament Hepatorenal ligament) Falciform ligament Round ligament of liver Ligamentum venosum
From dorsal mesentery	Greater omentum Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Mesentery Splenorenal ligament Phrenicocolic ligament Folds Umbilical folds Supravesical fossa Medial inguinal fossa Lateral umbilical fold Lateral inguinal fossa Ileocecal fold
Abdominal cavity	Greater sac Lesser sac Omental foramen
General	Cystohepatic triangle Hepatorenal recess Abdominal wall Inguinal triangle Peritoneal recesses Paracolic gutters Paramesenteric gutters

Pelvic

Uterus/ovaries	Broad ligament of the uterus Mesovarium Mesosalpinx Mesometrium Ovarian ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary
Recesses	Female Rectouterine pouch Rectouterine fold (Uterosacral ligament) Vesicouterine pouch Ovarian fossa Paravesical fossa Retroperitonium Male Rectovesical pouch Pararectal fossa

Spaces

Muscles and ligaments ofabdomen andpelvis

Abdominal wall

Anterior/
lateral

Muscle

Fascia

Abdominal fascia Panniculus adiposus Fascia of Camper Membranous layer Fascia of Scarpa Transverse fascia Interfoveolar ligament Linea alba Linea semilunaris
Inguinal	Inguinal triangle Inguinal canal Deep inguinal ring Superficial inguinal ring Intercrural fibers Crura of superficial inguinal ring Inguinal ligament Pectineal ligament Lacunar ligament Reflected ligament

Posterior

Muscle	Quadratus lumborum Iliopsoas Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus
Fascia	Iliac fascia Iliopectineal arch

Pelvis

Muscle	Levator ani Iliococcygeus Pubococcygeus Puborectalis Coccygeus Rectococcygeus
Fascia	Pelvic fascia Visceral Rectovaginal fascia Rectoprostatic fascia Parietal Obturator fascia Tendinous arch Piriformis fascia Floor Superior fascia Pubovesical ligament Puboprostatic ligament Inferior fascia Anococcygeal body