"A Walking Song" is apoem inThe Lord of the Rings. It appears in the third chapter, entitled "Three is Company". It is given its title in the work's index to songs and poems.[T 1] There is a companion poem near the end of the novel.
The poem has been set to music by the Danish groupThe Tolkien Ensemble.
While the poem itself does not appear inThe Lord of the Rings film trilogy, parts of it are featured throughout, including in the song "The Edge of Night" sung byBilly Boyd inThe Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King which has lyrics from the last verse.
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ThehobbitFrodo Baggins is travelling to Bucklebury inthe Shire, accompanied by his gardener and friendSam Gamgee and his kinsmanPippin Took. Frodo is ostensibly moving to a newly purchased house, having soldhis hobbit-hole to his relatives, the Sackville-Bagginses. However, he and Sam have secretly planned to journey beyond, toBree where he will meet again withGandalf, so that they can travel toRivendell; Frodo has theRing of the Dark LordSauron in his possession, and he believes it will be safe there. They journey into the night, and at this point
They began to hum softly, as hobbits have a way of doing as they walk along, especially when they are drawing near to home at night. With most hobbits it is a supper-song or a bed-song; but these hobbits hummed a walking-song (though not, of course, without any mention of supper and bed).[T 2][1]
The song begins:Upon the hearth the fire is red,
Beneath the roof there is a bed;
But not yet weary are our feet,
Still round the corner we may meet
A sudden tree orstanding stone
That none have seen but we alone.[T 2]
Frodo's uncleBilbo Baggins, who had adopted him, had made up the words "to a tune that was as old as the hills, and taught it to Frodo as they walked in the lanes of the Water-valley and talked about Adventure".[T 2] After the song ends, the hobbits encounter aBlack Rider for the second time.[T 2]
A different walking song, "The Road Goes Ever On", appears in different versions inThe Hobbit, in two places inThe Fellowship of the Ring – the first two by Bilbo, the third instance spoken by Frodo, alongside "A Walking Song";[T 3][T 4] and again inThe Return of the King, where again it is voiced by Bilbo.[T 5]
"A Walking Song" is mirrored at the end of the novel, in the chapter "The Grey Havens". Frodo sings part of the song with slightly changed words, as he is leaving for theUndying Lands.[T 6][2]
The road inA Walking Song has been seen as a metaphor for destiny and experience for both Bilbo and Frodo that begins at their home Bag End. According to Shippey, the name Bag End is a direct translation of Frenchcul-de-sac meaning a dead end or a road with only one outlet. The journeys of Bilbo and Frodo have been interpreted as such a confined road as they both start and end their respective adventures in Bag End. According to Don D. Elgin,A Walking Song is "a song about the roads that go ever on until they return to at last to the familiar things they have always known."[3]
Tom Shippey writes that especially in the second version of the song, the wording subtly changed to be more definite, even final, when Frodo knows he will soon leave Middle-earth, he sings of taking[4]
A day will come at last when I
Shall take the hidden paths that run
West of the Moon, East of the Sun.
The verse alludes to his coming journey on theOld Straight Road, the Elvish path normally barred to mortals that departs from Arda at a tangent, going directly to Valinor, somewhere far away in the Uttermost West.[4] This version of the songhas been likened toNick Bottom's dream inWilliam Shakespeare'sA Midsummer Night's Dream, which speaks of something that "the eye of man hath not heard, the eye of man hath not seen".[3]
Ralph C. Wood writes that from a Christian point of view, the song references the inevitable journey towards death and beyond.[5]
Part of "A Walking Song" is featured inPeter Jackson's 2003The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. Some lines from the poem are part of a larger montage entitled "The Steward of Gondor", written byHoward Shore and arranged byPhilippa Boyens.[6][7] The song is called "The Edge of Night" after a phrase in the lyrics. Its melody was composed byBilly Boyd, who playsPippin.[6][7] The lyrics sung in the film are:[8]
Home is behind, the world ahead
And there are many paths to tread
Through shadow, to the edge of night
Until the stars are all alight
Mist and shadow
Cloud and shade
All shall fade
All shall fade
In the film version,Denethor, theSteward of Gondor residing in its capitalMinas Tirith, asks Pippin to sing for him while he eats. At the same time, Denethor's sonFaramir makes a futile attempt to retake the city ofOsgiliath, as requested by his father.[9] Pippin's song is cut down from Tolkien's poem, the lines being a rewrite of part of the last stanza.[10] According to Jackson, the song was devised while shooting the film. Boyd envisioned the song to be one that Pippin had "probably heard his grandfather sing, you know, from when the hobbits were looking for the Shire." The song was recorded inAbbey Road Studios in London. Boyd called it "a huge highlight" of his career.[11] Paul Broucek, executive music producer at New Line Cinema, comments: "Instead of a noisy battle scene, you have the juxtaposition of the beautiful, haunting melody that Billy created and sings, and that Howard supports with very simple underpinnings of orchestra growing out of it."[11] The scenes featuring "The Edge of Night" were largely invented by the film's writers; in the book, although Denethor asks Pippin if he can sing, no song is ever requested.[T 7]
Shore wrote the orchestral section of "The Sacrifice of Faramir", which frames Boyd's song.[8] The melody echoes Shore's Gondor theme/[a][9] Frodo's variation of the song was used for the film soundtrack, at the point when Frodo and company are at the Grey Havens, but with the lyrics translated intoSindarin byDavid Salo.[6] The phrase "home is behind, the world ahead" is uttered byGandalf near the beginning of the 2012 filmThe Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, asBilbo and the dwarves leave theShire for the first time.[12]
Both versions of the poem have been set to music by the Danish groupThe Tolkien Ensemble, with melodies composed by one of its members, Peter Hall. They appear on the group's albumAt Dawn in Rivendell (2002).[13][14][15] A cover of the "Edge of Night" song as used in the film appears on the eponymous final album of a former Tolkien Ensemble member,Nick Keir.[16][17]
Middle-earth film franchise | |||||||||||
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| The Lord of the Rings film trilogy |
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| The Hobbit film trilogy |
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| Other films |
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| Video games | |||||||||||
