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| APS | |
|---|---|
 APS underwater rifle with 5.66-mm cartridge | |
| Type | UnderwaterAssault rifle |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1975–present |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Vladimir Simonov |
| Designed | 1970s |
| Manufacturer | Tula Arms Plant, TsNIITochMash |
| Produced | 1975–present[1] |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 3.0 kg empty 3.9 kg loaded |
| Length | 840 mm with stock extended 620 mm with stock retracted |
| Barrel length | 300 mm |
| Width | 65 mm |
| Cartridge | 5.66×39mm MPS with5.66×120mm steel darts and tracer MPST |
| Caliber | 5.66mm |
| Action | Gas actuated |
| Rate of fire | 600 rounds per minute (on land) |
| Muzzle velocity | 340–360 meter per second (on land) |
| Effective firing range | 30 m at depth 5 m (98 ft at depth 16 ft) 20 m at depth 20 m (66 ft at depth 66 ft) 11 m at depth 40 m (36 ft at depth 131 ft) |
| Maximum firing range | 100 m in the air |
| Feed system | 26-round detachableMagazine |
TheAPS underwater assault rifle (Russian:Автомат Подводный Специальный,romanized: Avtomat Podvodny Spetsialnyy,lit. 'Special Underwater Assault Rifle')[2] is anunderwater firearm designed by theSoviet Union in the early 1970s. It was adopted in 1975. Made by theTula Arms Plant (Тульский Оружейный Завод,Tul'skiy Oruzheynyy Zavod) in Russia, it is exported byRosoboronexport.
Under water, ordinary bullets are inaccurate and have a very short range. The APS fires a 120-millimetre-long (4.7 in), 5.66 mm calibre steel bolt specially designed for this weapon. Its magazine holds 26 rounds. The APS's barrel is notrifled; the fired projectile is kept in line byhydrodynamic effects; as a result, the APS is somewhat inaccurate when fired out of water.
The APS has a longer range and more penetrating power thanspearguns. This is useful in such situations such as shooting an opposing diver through a reinforceddry suit, a protectivehelmet (whether air-holding or not), thick tough parts ofbreathing sets and theirharnesses, and the plastic casings and transparent covers of somesmall underwater vehicles.
The APS is more powerful than a pistol, but is bulkier, heavier and takes longer to aim, particularly swinging its long barrel and large flat magazine sideways through water.
The rising threat of attacks byfrogmen in naval bases caused variousanti-frogman techniques to be developed. In theUSSR, one of these techniques wasguard frogmen sent to stop the attackers. At first these guard frogmen were armed only withknives andAK-type rifles. The rifle was carried in a waterproof case and could be used only on the surface, so the only effective underwater weapon against enemy frogmen was the knife.
TheSPP-1 underwater pistol was accepted in 1971,[2] but soon proved to be useful for close-up self-defence rather than in attacking more distant targets.Vladimir Simonov undertook the job of developing an underwaterassault rifle.[3]
The APS was adopted in 1975.[4] Afterwards, there was lengthy improvement work on the APS. One improvement was fitting a perforated gas pipe with a special shield to break up the emitted gas bubbles, making targeting easier and reducing the visibility of the bubbles, allowing stealthier firing of the weapon.
In 2021, Rosoboronexport reported the delivery of APS rifles to a foreign country.[5]
Due to the limitations of the APS such as being ineffective when being used outside of water, the ASM-DT was designed to address them.[6]
The initial design of the APS was based on theAK-74.[7] It has a magazine capacity of 26 rounds.[8]
The first stage of developing the APS was its cartridge. A 5.45-millimetre (0.215 in) by 39-millimetre (1.5 in) cartridge was lengthened by about 115 millimetres (4.5 in) to fit the sharp-fronted steel bolt. Another cartridge version was designed that contained a miniature rocket, which when fired makes a visible streak in the water.
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Azerbaijan[9]
Belarus[10]
India: Used byMARCOS commandos.[11]
Kazakhstan[12]
Russia[13]
Serbia: by the 82nd River Underwater Demolition Company of the 72nd Brigade for Special Operations[14]
Ukraine[15]
