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Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award

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Major League Baseball award
This article is about the regular season award. For other MVP awards given by MLB, seeMajor League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (disambiguation).
Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP)
A black circle with an octagonal read "KENESAW MOUNTAIN LANDIS MEMORIAL BASEBALL AWARD". In the middle of the octagon is a baseball diamond which contains, from the top, Judge Landis' face in gold, "Most Valuable Player", the winner's league, his name in a gold rectangle, and his team.
The Most Valuable Player Award given toHank Aaron in 1957
SportBaseball
LeagueMajor League Baseball
Awarded forRegular seasonmost valuable player ofAmerican League andNational League
CountryUnited States, Canada
Presented byBaseball Writers' Association of America
History
First award1931
Most recentShohei Ohtani (NL)
Aaron Judge (AL)

TheMajor League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annualMajor League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in theAmerican League and one in theNational League. The award has been presented by theBaseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.

History

[edit]

Since 1931, theBaseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) has bestowed amost valuable player award to a player in theNational League and a player in theAmerican League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued: the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League.[1] During 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league.[2] Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.

MVP voting takes place before thepostseason, but the results are not announced until after theWorld Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961.[3] The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what "most valuable" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.[4][5]

In 1944, the award was named afterKenesaw Mountain Landis, the firstCommissioner of Baseball, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944.[6][7] Formally named the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, that naming appeared on a plaque given to winning players.[8] Starting in 2020, Landis' name no longer appears on the MVP plaque,[9] after the BBWAA received complaints from several former MVP winners about Landis' role against theintegration of MLB.[10][11]

First basemen, with 35 winners, have won the most MVPs amonginfielders, followed bysecond basemen (16),third basemen (15), andshortstops (15). Of the 25pitchers who have won the award, 15 areright-handed while 10 areleft-handed.Walter Johnson,Carl Hubbell, andHal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times, with Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945.[12][13]

Hank Greenberg,Stan Musial,Alex Rodriguez, andRobin Yount have won at different positions,[12] while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions.[14] Rodriguez andAndre Dawson are the only players to win the award while on a last-place team, the2003 Texas Rangers and1987 Chicago Cubs, respectively.Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (four from 2001 to 2004).[15]Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times.[16] Ten players have won three times, and 19 have won twice.[17]Frank Robinson andShohei Ohtani are the only players to win the award in both the American and National Leagues, with Ohtani being the first to win in both leagues in consecutive seasons.

The award's only tie occurred in theNational League in 1979, whenKeith Hernandez andWillie Stargell received an equal number of points.[12][18] There have been 23 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes.[3] TheNew York Yankees have the most winning players with 24, followed by theSt. Louis Cardinals with 21 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams:Arizona Diamondbacks,New York Mets, andTampa Bay Rays.

In recent decades, pitchers have rarely won the award. When Ohtani won the AL award in 2021, he became the first pitcher in either league to be named the MVP sinceClayton Kershaw in 2014, and the first in the American League sinceJustin Verlander in 2011. Ohtani also became the firsttwo-way player to win the award[19] and in 2023, he became the first player in MLB history to win MVP by unanimous vote twice.[20] Since the creation of theCy Young Award in 1956, he is the only pitcher to win an MVP award without winning a Cy Young in the same year (Don Newcombe,Sandy Koufax,Bob Gibson,Denny McLain,Vida Blue,Rollie Fingers,Willie Hernández,Roger Clemens,Dennis Eckersley, Verlander, and Kershaw all won a Cy Young award in their MVP seasons). Ohtani is also the only MVP winner to have played most of his games as adesignated hitter (DH), a position that normally does not contribute on defense. In 2024, after winning his third career unanimous MVP award, Ohtani became the first MVP winner to have played exclusively as a DH in a season. To date, Ohtani is the only player to win both the MVP and theEdgar Martínez Award, an award given to the most outstanding DH in a season.

There was no award given by either league in 1930, which meant that one of the single greatest performances ever went unheralded whenHack Wilson of theChicago Cubs set the current MLB record for RBI with 191.[21] He also batted .356 and set the NL record with 56 HRs, a record which stood for 68 years untilMark McGwire (70) andSammy Sosa (66) both eclipsed him.[22][23]

Key

[edit]
YearLinks to the article about the corresponding Major League Baseball season
Member of theNational Baseball Hall of Fame as a player[24][25]
^Player is still active[a]
§Unanimous selection[b][3]
Player(X)Denotes winning player and number of times they had won the award at that point
*Team won the league pennant
PPitcher (RHP indicates right-handed; LHP indicates left-handed)
CCatcher
1BFirst baseman
2BSecond baseman
3BThird baseman
SSShortstop
OFOutfielder
DHDesignated hitter

Chalmers Award (1911–1914)

[edit]

Ty Cobb looking just to the left of the camera.
Ty Cobb won the first American League Chalmers Award in 1911 and was at the center of the controversy over the previous season's award.

Before the1910 season, Hugh Chalmers ofChalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highestbatting average in Major League Baseball at the end of the season. The1910 race for best average in the American League was between theDetroit Tigers' widely disliked[3][26][27]Ty Cobb andNap Lajoie of theCleveland Indians. On the last day of the season, Lajoie overtook Cobb's batting average with sevenbunt hits against theSt. Louis Browns.[28] American League PresidentBan Johnson said a recalculation showed that Cobb had won the race anyway, and Chalmers ended up awarding cars to both players.[3]

In thefollowing season, Chalmers created the Chalmers Award. A committee of baseball writers was to convene after the season to determine the "most important and useful player to the club and the league." Since the award was not aseffective at advertising as Chalmers had hoped, it was discontinued after 1914.[3]

YearAmerican League winnerTeamPositionNational League winnerTeamPositionRef
1911Ty Cobb§Detroit TigersOFFrank SchulteChicago CubsOF[29]
1912Tris SpeakerBoston Red SoxOFLarry DoyleNew York Giants2B[30]
1913Walter JohnsonWashington SenatorsRHPJake DaubertBrooklyn Superbas1B[31]
1914Eddie CollinsPhiladelphia Athletics2BJohnny EversBoston Braves2B[32]

League Awards (1922–1929)

[edit]

A man in full baseball attire wears a pinstriped jersey and a hat with overlapping white "N" and "Y". Looking to the left of the camera, he is holding a baseball upward.
Babe Ruth was ineligible for the award in his famous 1927 season by the rules of the American League award because he had previously won in 1923.

In 1922, the American League created a new award to honor "the baseball player who is of the greatest all-around service to his club."[33] Winners, voted on by a committee of eight baseball writers chaired byJames Crusinberry,[34] received a bronze medal and a cash prize.[35] Voters were required to select one player from each team, andplayer-coaches and prior award winners were ineligible. Famously, these criteria resulted in Babe Ruth winning only a single MVP award before it was dropped after 1928. The National League award, without these restrictions, lasted from 1924 to 1929.[3]

YearAmerican League winnerTeamPositionNational League winnerTeamPositionRef
1922George SislerSt. Louis Browns1B[36]
1923Babe Ruth§New York YankeesOF[37]
1924Walter Johnson(2)Washington SenatorsRHPDazzy VanceBrooklyn RobinsRHP[38]
1925Roger PeckinpaughWashington SenatorsSSRogers HornsbySt. Louis Cardinals2B[39]
1926George BurnsCleveland Indians1BBob O'FarrellSt. Louis CardinalsC[40]
1927Lou GehrigNew York Yankees1BPaul WanerPittsburgh PiratesOF[41]
1928Mickey CochranePhiladelphia AthleticsCJim BottomleySt. Louis Cardinals1B[42]
1929Rogers Hornsby(2)Chicago Cubs2B[43]

BBWAA Most Valuable Player (1931–present)

[edit]

The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) was first awarded the modern MVP after the1931 season, adopting the format the National League used to distribute its league award. One writer in each city with a team filled out a ten-place ballot, with ten points for the recipient of a first-place vote, nine for a second-place vote, and so on. In 1938, the BBWAA raised the number of voters to three per city and gave 14 points for a first-place vote. The only significant change since then occurred in 1961 when the number of voters was reduced to two per league city.[3]

A man is pictured from his belt up looking to the left of the camera. His button-down baseball jersey says "RED SOX" across it and he is wearing a baseball hat with a "B".
Hall of Famer Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win three MVP awards.
Hall of Famer and two-time MVP Hank Greenberg was the first player to win the award at two different fielding positions (1B and OF).
Jim Konstanty, to date the only National League relief pitcher to be named MVP, won it in 1950.
The face of a dark-skinned man who is smiling widely. The letters "S" and "F" overlap on his hat.
Hall of Famer Willie Mays won the award in 1954 and 1965 with the same team in different cities.
Hall of Famer Frank Robinson is the first player to win the award in both leagues (NL in 1961 and AL in 1966).
An African-American man looks just right off the camera. His helmet and white jersey both have an orange "S" over the "F" logo on them. The man's left arm is crossed over his body and his right is out of the picture. There is a black and orange glove on his left hand.
Barry Bonds' seven MVPs are the most for any individual player.
A Hispanic man walking while shouting at someone out of the picture. His helmet is emblazoned with a white "N" and "Y" intertwined, and "NEW YORK" is stitched in black letters across his button-down jersey. The player is holding a black baseball bat almost vertically with black, gray, and white gloves.
Alex Rodriguez won the award with two different teams at two different positions.
A right-handed batter is at the plate, looking toward the pitcher's mound. Wearing a red uniform and white pants, there is a crowd behind him with jerseys of various colors.
Albert Pujols won the award three times, at first base with the St. Louis Cardinals.
Miguel Cabrera was the winner of back-to-back AL Awards from 2012 to 2013.
Mike Trout won the award three times.
Shohei Ohtani is currently the only player to win the award three times by unanimous vote.
YearAmerican League winnerTeamPositionNational League winnerTeamPositionRef
1931Lefty GrovePhiladelphia Athletics*LHPFrankie FrischSt. Louis Cardinals*2B[44]
1932Jimmie FoxxPhiladelphia Athletics1BChuck KleinPhiladelphia PhilliesOF[45]
1933Jimmie Foxx (2)Philadelphia Athletics1BCarl HubbellNew York Giants*LHP[46]
1934Mickey Cochrane (2)Detroit Tigers*CDizzy DeanSt. Louis Cardinals*RHP[47]
1935Hank Greenberg†§Detroit Tigers*1BGabby HartnettChicago Cubs*C[48]
1936Lou Gehrig (2)New York Yankees*1BCarl Hubbell†§ (2)New York Giants*LHP[49]
1937Charlie GehringerDetroit Tigers2BJoe MedwickSt. Louis CardinalsOF[50]
1938Jimmie Foxx (3)Boston Red Sox1BErnie LombardiCincinnati RedsC[51]
1939Joe DiMaggioNew York Yankees*OFBucky WaltersCincinnati Reds*RHP[52]
1940Hank Greenberg (2)Detroit Tigers*OFFrank McCormickCincinnati Reds*1B[53]
1941Joe DiMaggio (2)New York Yankees*OFDolph CamilliBrooklyn Dodgers*1B[54]
1942Joe GordonNew York Yankees*2BMort CooperSt. Louis Cardinals*RHP[55]
1943Spud ChandlerNew York Yankees*RHPStan MusialSt. Louis Cardinals*OF[56]
1944Hal NewhouserDetroit TigersLHPMarty MarionSt. Louis Cardinals*SS[57]
1945Hal Newhouser (2)Detroit Tigers*LHPPhil CavarrettaChicago Cubs*1B[58]
1946Ted WilliamsBoston Red Sox*OFStan Musial (2)St. Louis Cardinals*1B[59]
1947Joe DiMaggio (3)New York Yankees*OFBob ElliottBoston Braves3B[60]
1948Lou BoudreauCleveland Indians*SSStan Musial (3)St. Louis CardinalsOF[61]
1949Ted Williams (2)Boston Red SoxOFJackie RobinsonBrooklyn Dodgers*2B[62]
1950Phil RizzutoNew York Yankees*SSJim KonstantyPhiladelphia Phillies*RHP[63]
1951Yogi BerraNew York Yankees*CRoy CampanellaBrooklyn DodgersC[64]
1952Bobby ShantzPhiladelphia AthleticsLHPHank SauerChicago CubsOF[65]
1953Al Rosen§Cleveland Indians3BRoy Campanella (2)Brooklyn Dodgers*C[66]
1954Yogi Berra (2)New York YankeesCWillie MaysNew York Giants*OF[67]
1955Yogi Berra (3)New York Yankees*CRoy Campanella (3)Brooklyn Dodgers*C[68]
1956Mickey Mantle†§New York Yankees*OFDon NewcombeBrooklyn Dodgers*RHP[69]
1957Mickey Mantle (2)New York Yankees*OFHank AaronMilwaukee Braves*OF[70]
1958Jackie JensenBoston Red SoxOFErnie BanksChicago CubsSS[71]
1959Nellie FoxChicago White Sox*2BErnie Banks (2)Chicago CubsSS[72]
1960Roger MarisNew York Yankees*OFDick GroatPittsburgh Pirates*SS[73]
1961Roger Maris (2)New York Yankees*OFFrank RobinsonCincinnati Reds*OF[74]
1962Mickey Mantle (3)New York Yankees*OFMaury WillsLos Angeles DodgersSS[75]
1963Elston HowardNew York Yankees*CSandy KoufaxLos Angeles Dodgers*LHP[76]
1964Brooks RobinsonBaltimore Orioles3BKen BoyerSt. Louis Cardinals*3B[77]
1965Zoilo VersallesMinnesota Twins*SSWillie Mays (2)San Francisco GiantsOF[78]
1966Frank Robinson†§ (2)Baltimore Orioles*OFRoberto ClementePittsburgh PiratesOF[79]
1967Carl YastrzemskiBoston Red Sox*OFOrlando Cepeda†§St. Louis Cardinals*1B[80]
1968Denny McLain§Detroit Tigers*RHPBob GibsonSt. Louis Cardinals*RHP[81]
1969Harmon KillebrewMinnesota Twins3BWillie McCoveySan Francisco Giants1B[82]
1970Boog PowellBaltimore Orioles*1BJohnny BenchCincinnati Reds*C[83]
1971Vida BlueOakland AthleticsLHPJoe Torre[c]St. Louis Cardinals3B[84]
1972Dick AllenChicago White Sox1BJohnny Bench (2)Cincinnati Reds*C[85]
1973Reggie Jackson†§Oakland Athletics*OFPete RoseCincinnati RedsOF[86]
1974Jeff BurroughsTexas RangersOFSteve GarveyLos Angeles Dodgers*1B[87]
1975Fred LynnBoston Red Sox*OFJoe MorganCincinnati Reds*2B[88]
1976Thurman MunsonNew York Yankees*CJoe Morgan (2)Cincinnati Reds*2B[89]
1977Rod CarewMinnesota Twins1BGeorge FosterCincinnati RedsOF[90]
1978Jim RiceBoston Red SoxOFDave ParkerPittsburgh PiratesOF[91]
1979Don BaylorCalifornia AngelsLF/DH[92]Keith Hernandez[d]St. Louis Cardinals1B[18]
Willie Stargell[d]Pittsburgh Pirates*1B
1980George BrettKansas City Royals*3BMike Schmidt†§Philadelphia Phillies*3B[93]
1981Rollie FingersMilwaukee BrewersRHPMike Schmidt (2)Philadelphia Phillies3B[94]
1982Robin YountMilwaukee Brewers*SSDale MurphyAtlanta BravesOF[95]
1983Cal Ripken Jr.Baltimore Orioles*SSDale Murphy (2)Atlanta BravesOF[96]
1984Willie HernándezDetroit Tigers*LHPRyne SandbergChicago Cubs2B[97]
1985Don MattinglyNew York Yankees1BWillie McGeeSt. Louis Cardinals*OF[98]
1986Roger ClemensBoston Red Sox*RHPMike Schmidt (3)Philadelphia Phillies3B[99]
1987George BellToronto Blue JaysOFAndre DawsonChicago CubsOF[100]
1988Jose Canseco§Oakland Athletics*OFKirk GibsonLos Angeles Dodgers*OF[101]
1989Robin Yount (2)Milwaukee BrewersOFKevin MitchellSan Francisco Giants*OF[102]
1990Rickey HendersonOakland Athletics*OFBarry BondsPittsburgh PiratesOF[103]
1991Cal Ripken Jr. (2)Baltimore OriolesSSTerry PendletonAtlanta Braves*3B[104]
1992Dennis EckersleyOakland AthleticsRHPBarry Bonds (2)Pittsburgh PiratesOF[105]
1993Frank Thomas†§Chicago White Sox1BBarry Bonds (3)San Francisco GiantsOF[106]
1994Frank Thomas (2)Chicago White Sox1BJeff Bagwell†§Houston Astros1B[107]
1995Mo VaughnBoston Red Sox1BBarry LarkinCincinnati RedsSS[108]
1996Juan GonzálezTexas RangersOFKen Caminiti§San Diego Padres3B[109]
1997Ken Griffey Jr.†§Seattle MarinersOFLarry WalkerColorado RockiesOF[110]
1998Juan González (2)Texas RangersOFSammy SosaChicago CubsOF[111]
1999Iván RodríguezTexas RangersCChipper JonesAtlanta Braves*3B[112]
2000Jason GiambiOakland Athletics1BJeff KentSan Francisco Giants2B[113]
2001Ichiro SuzukiSeattle MarinersOFBarry Bonds (4)San Francisco GiantsOF[114][115]
2002Miguel TejadaOakland AthleticsSSBarry Bonds§ (5)San Francisco Giants*OF[116]
2003Alex RodriguezTexas RangersSSBarry Bonds (6)San Francisco GiantsOF[117]
2004Vladimir GuerreroAnaheim AngelsOFBarry Bonds (7)San Francisco GiantsOF[118]
2005Alex Rodriguez (2)New York Yankees3BAlbert PujolsSt. Louis Cardinals1B[119]
2006Justin MorneauMinnesota Twins1BRyan HowardPhiladelphia Phillies1B[120]
2007Alex Rodriguez (3)New York Yankees3BJimmy RollinsPhiladelphia PhilliesSS[121]
2008Dustin PedroiaBoston Red Sox2BAlbert Pujols (2)St. Louis Cardinals1B[122]
2009Joe MauerMinnesota TwinsCAlbert Pujols§ (3)St. Louis Cardinals1B[115][123]
2010Josh HamiltonTexas Rangers*OFJoey VottoCincinnati Reds1B[124][125]
2011Justin Verlander^Detroit TigersRHPRyan BraunMilwaukee BrewersOF[126][127]
2012Miguel CabreraDetroit Tigers*3BBuster PoseySan Francisco Giants*C[128][129]
2013Miguel Cabrera (2)Detroit Tigers3BAndrew McCutchen^Pittsburgh PiratesOF[130][131]
2014Mike TroutLos Angeles AngelsOFClayton Kershaw^Los Angeles DodgersLHP[132][133]
2015Josh DonaldsonToronto Blue Jays3BBryce HarperWashington NationalsOF[134][135]
2016Mike Trout^ (2)Los Angeles AngelsOFKris Bryant^Chicago Cubs*3B/OF[136]
2017Jose Altuve^Houston Astros*2BGiancarlo Stanton^Miami MarlinsOF[137]
2018Mookie Betts^Boston Red Sox*OFChristian Yelich^Milwaukee BrewersOF[138]
2019Mike Trout^ (3)Los Angeles AngelsOFCody Bellinger^Los Angeles DodgersOF[139]
2020José Abreu^Chicago White Sox1BFreddie Freeman^Atlanta Braves1B[140]
2021Shohei OhtaniLos Angeles AngelsRHP/DHBryce Harper^ (2)Philadelphia PhilliesOF[141]
2022Aaron Judge^New York YankeesOFPaul Goldschmidt^St. Louis Cardinals1B[142]
2023Shohei Ohtani(2)Los Angeles AngelsRHP/DHRonald Acuña Jr.Atlanta BravesOF[143]
2024Aaron Judge(2)New York Yankees*OFShohei Ohtani(3)Los Angeles Dodgers*DH[144]

Wins by team

[edit]
TeamsAwardsYears
New York Yankees241923, 1927, 1936, 1939, 1941–1943, 1947, 1950, 1951, 1954–1957, 1960–1963, 1976, 1985, 2005, 2007, 2022, 2024
St. Louis Cardinals211925, 1926, 1928, 1931, 1934, 1937, 1942–1944, 1946, 1948, 1964, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1979, 1985, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2022
Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers151913, 1924, 1941, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1962, 1963, 1974, 1988, 2014, 2019, 2024
New York/San Francisco Giants141912, 1933, 1936, 1954, 1965, 1969, 1989, 1993, 2000–2004, 2012
Philadelphia/Oakland Athletics131914, 1928, 1931–1933, 1952, 1971, 1973, 1988, 1990, 1992, 2000, 2002
Cincinnati Reds121938–1940, 1961, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1975–1977, 1995, 2010
Detroit Tigers1911, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1940, 1944, 1945, 1968, 1984, 2011–2013
Boston Red Sox1912, 1938, 1946, 1949, 1958, 1967, 1975, 1978, 1986, 1995, 2008, 2018
Chicago Cubs111911, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1952, 1958, 1959, 1984, 1987, 1998, 2016
Boston/Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves91914, 1947, 1957, 1982, 1983, 1991, 1999, 2020, 2023
Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins81913, 1924, 1925, 1965, 1969, 1977, 2006, 2009
Pittsburgh Pirates1927, 1960, 1966, 1978, 1979, 1990, 1992, 2013
Philadelphia Phillies1932, 1950, 1980, 1981, 1986, 2006, 2007, 2021
California/Anaheim/Los Angeles Angels71979, 2004, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2021, 2023
Baltimore Orioles/St. Louis Browns61922, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1983, 1991
Texas Rangers1974, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2010
Milwaukee Brewers51981, 1982, 1989, 2011, 2018
Chicago White Sox1959, 1972, 1993, 1994, 2020
Cleveland Indians / Guardians31926, 1948, 1953
Seattle Mariners21997, 2001
Toronto Blue Jays1987, 2015
Houston Astros1994, 2017
Kansas City Royals11980
San Diego Padres1996
Colorado Rockies1997
Washington Nationals2015
Miami Marlins2017
Arizona Diamondbacks0none
New York Metsnone
Tampa Bay Raysnone

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  • a A player is considered inactive if he has announced his retirement or has not played for a full season.
  • b A unanimous victory indicates that the player received all possible first-place votes.
  • c Torre is a member of the Hall of Fame, but not as a player. He was inducted in2014 as amanager.[145]
  • d Hernandez and Stargell both received 216 points in the 1979 voting.[18]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^"Chalmers Award".Baseball Almanac. RetrievedOctober 29, 2023.
  3. ^abcdefghGillette & Palmer, pp. 1764–1765
  4. ^Kepner, Tyler (September 4, 2011)."Where Do You Find Value? Discussing the M.V.P. Criteria".The New York Times. p. SP3.Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. RetrievedSeptember 6, 2011.
  5. ^For the definition that appears on the BBWAA ballot (including pitchers and designated hitters), go toVoting FAQ andscroll down. Baseball Writers' Association of America. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  6. ^"Landis, Kenesaw". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.Archived from the original on 2011-11-22. Retrieved2011-11-22.
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  8. ^"MLB Award Trophies and Plaques".Getty Images. November 2006. RetrievedOctober 29, 2023.
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  11. ^Kelly, Matt (October 2, 2020)."Landis' name to be removed from MVP trophies".MLB.com. RetrievedOctober 29, 2023.
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  14. ^"Alex Rodriguez Statistics".Baseball-Reference.com.Archived from the original on July 12, 2010. RetrievedDecember 3, 2009.
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  26. ^Doyle, Havey (July 4, 1941)."Mirrors of Sport".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 18. Retrieved2024-09-20 – viaNewspapers.com.
  27. ^Schwartz, Larry."He was a pain ... but a great pain".ESPN.com.Archived from the original on October 3, 2009. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2010.
  28. ^Queen, Mike (11 July 2023)."Embarrassing Baseball Scandals Fans Want to Forget".Headlines and Heroes: Newspapers, Comics and More Fine Print [Blog]. Library of Congress. Retrieved17 August 2023.
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  32. ^"Baseball Awards Voting for 1914".Baseball-Reference.com.Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. RetrievedDecember 3, 2009.
  33. ^Newman, Mark (November 14, 2009)."One of a kind: Another MVP for A-Rod".MLB.com. Archived fromthe original on March 12, 2008. RetrievedDecember 5, 2009.
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