Major League Baseball award
TheMajor League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP ) is an annualMajor League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in theAmerican League and one in theNational League . The award has been presented by theBaseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.
Since 1931, theBaseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) has bestowed amost valuable player award to a player in theNational League and a player in theAmerican League . Before 1931, two similar awards were issued: the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League.[ 1] During 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league.[ 2] Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.
MVP voting takes place before thepostseason , but the results are not announced until after theWorld Series . The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961.[ 3] The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what "most valuable" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.[ 4] [ 5]
In 1944, the award was named afterKenesaw Mountain Landis , the firstCommissioner of Baseball , who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944.[ 6] [ 7] Formally named the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, that naming appeared on a plaque given to winning players.[ 8] Starting in 2020, Landis' name no longer appears on the MVP plaque,[ 9] after the BBWAA received complaints from several former MVP winners about Landis' role against theintegration of MLB .[ 10] [ 11]
First basemen , with 35 winners, have won the most MVPs amonginfielders , followed bysecond basemen (16),third basemen (15), andshortstops (15). Of the 25pitchers who have won the award, 15 areright-handed while 10 areleft-handed .Walter Johnson ,Carl Hubbell , andHal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times, with Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945.[ 12] [ 13]
Hank Greenberg ,Stan Musial ,Alex Rodriguez , andRobin Yount have won at different positions,[ 12] while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions.[ 14] Rodriguez andAndre Dawson are the only players to win the award while on a last-place team, the2003 Texas Rangers and1987 Chicago Cubs , respectively.Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (four from 2001 to 2004).[ 15] Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times.[ 16] Ten players have won three times, and 19 have won twice.[ 17] Frank Robinson andShohei Ohtani are the only players to win the award in both the American and National Leagues, with Ohtani being the first to win in both leagues in consecutive seasons.
The award's only tie occurred in theNational League in 1979, whenKeith Hernandez andWillie Stargell received an equal number of points.[ 12] [ 18] There have been 23 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes.[ 3] TheNew York Yankees have the most winning players with 24, followed by theSt. Louis Cardinals with 21 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams:Arizona Diamondbacks ,New York Mets , andTampa Bay Rays .
In recent decades, pitchers have rarely won the award. When Ohtani won the AL award in 2021, he became the first pitcher in either league to be named the MVP sinceClayton Kershaw in 2014, and the first in the American League sinceJustin Verlander in 2011. Ohtani also became the firsttwo-way player to win the award[ 19] and in 2023, he became the first player in MLB history to win MVP by unanimous vote twice.[ 20] Since the creation of theCy Young Award in 1956, he is the only pitcher to win an MVP award without winning a Cy Young in the same year (Don Newcombe ,Sandy Koufax ,Bob Gibson ,Denny McLain ,Vida Blue ,Rollie Fingers ,Willie Hernández ,Roger Clemens ,Dennis Eckersley , Verlander, and Kershaw all won a Cy Young award in their MVP seasons). Ohtani is also the only MVP winner to have played most of his games as adesignated hitter (DH), a position that normally does not contribute on defense. In 2024, after winning his third career unanimous MVP award, Ohtani became the first MVP winner to have played exclusively as a DH in a season. To date, Ohtani is the only player to win both the MVP and theEdgar Martínez Award , an award given to the most outstanding DH in a season.
There was no award given by either league in 1930, which meant that one of the single greatest performances ever went unheralded whenHack Wilson of theChicago Cubs set the current MLB record for RBI with 191.[ 21] He also batted .356 and set the NL record with 56 HRs, a record which stood for 68 years untilMark McGwire (70) andSammy Sosa (66) both eclipsed him.[ 22] [ 23]
Chalmers Award (1911–1914)[ edit ]
Ty Cobb won the first American League Chalmers Award in 1911 and was at the center of the controversy over the previous season's award. Before the1910 season , Hugh Chalmers ofChalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highestbatting average in Major League Baseball at the end of the season. The1910 race for best average in the American League was between theDetroit Tigers ' widely disliked[ 3] [ 26] [ 27] Ty Cobb andNap Lajoie of theCleveland Indians . On the last day of the season, Lajoie overtook Cobb's batting average with sevenbunt hits against theSt. Louis Browns .[ 28] American League PresidentBan Johnson said a recalculation showed that Cobb had won the race anyway, and Chalmers ended up awarding cars to both players.[ 3]
In thefollowing season , Chalmers created the Chalmers Award. A committee of baseball writers was to convene after the season to determine the "most important and useful player to the club and the league." Since the award was not aseffective at advertising as Chalmers had hoped, it was discontinued after 1914.[ 3]
League Awards (1922–1929)[ edit ]
Babe Ruth was ineligible for the award in his famous 1927 season by the rules of the American League award because he had previously won in 1923. In 1922, the American League created a new award to honor "the baseball player who is of the greatest all-around service to his club."[ 33] Winners, voted on by a committee of eight baseball writers chaired byJames Crusinberry ,[ 34] received a bronze medal and a cash prize.[ 35] Voters were required to select one player from each team, andplayer-coaches and prior award winners were ineligible. Famously, these criteria resulted in Babe Ruth winning only a single MVP award before it was dropped after 1928. The National League award, without these restrictions, lasted from 1924 to 1929.[ 3]
BBWAA Most Valuable Player (1931–present)[ edit ] The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) was first awarded the modern MVP after the1931 season , adopting the format the National League used to distribute its league award. One writer in each city with a team filled out a ten-place ballot, with ten points for the recipient of a first-place vote, nine for a second-place vote, and so on. In 1938, the BBWAA raised the number of voters to three per city and gave 14 points for a first-place vote. The only significant change since then occurred in 1961 when the number of voters was reduced to two per league city.[ 3]
Hall of Famer Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win three MVP awards. Hall of Famer and two-time MVP Hank Greenberg was the first player to win the award at two different fielding positions (1B and OF). Jim Konstanty, to date the only National League relief pitcher to be named MVP, won it in 1950. Hall of Famer Willie Mays won the award in 1954 and 1965 with the same team in different cities. Hall of Famer Frank Robinson is the first player to win the award in both leagues (NL in 1961 and AL in 1966). Barry Bonds' seven MVPs are the most for any individual player. Alex Rodriguez won the award with two different teams at two different positions. Albert Pujols won the award three times, at first base with the St. Louis Cardinals. Miguel Cabrera was the winner of back-to-back AL Awards from 2012 to 2013. Mike Trout won the award three times. Shohei Ohtani is currently the only player to win the award three times by unanimous vote. Teams Awards Years New York Yankees 24 1923, 1927, 1936, 1939, 1941–1943, 1947, 1950, 1951, 1954–1957, 1960–1963, 1976, 1985, 2005, 2007, 2022, 2024 St. Louis Cardinals 21 1925, 1926, 1928, 1931, 1934, 1937, 1942–1944, 1946, 1948, 1964, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1979, 1985, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2022 Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers 15 1913, 1924, 1941, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1962, 1963, 1974, 1988, 2014, 2019, 2024 New York/San Francisco Giants 14 1912, 1933, 1936, 1954, 1965, 1969, 1989, 1993, 2000–2004, 2012 Philadelphia/Oakland Athletics 13 1914, 1928, 1931–1933, 1952, 1971, 1973, 1988, 1990, 1992, 2000, 2002 Cincinnati Reds 12 1938–1940, 1961, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1975–1977, 1995, 2010 Detroit Tigers 1911, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1940, 1944, 1945, 1968, 1984, 2011–2013 Boston Red Sox 1912, 1938, 1946, 1949, 1958, 1967, 1975, 1978, 1986, 1995, 2008, 2018 Chicago Cubs 11 1911, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1952, 1958, 1959, 1984, 1987, 1998, 2016 Boston/Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves 9 1914, 1947, 1957, 1982, 1983, 1991, 1999, 2020, 2023 Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins 8 1913, 1924, 1925, 1965, 1969, 1977, 2006, 2009 Pittsburgh Pirates 1927, 1960, 1966, 1978, 1979, 1990, 1992, 2013 Philadelphia Phillies 1932, 1950, 1980, 1981, 1986, 2006, 2007, 2021 California/Anaheim/Los Angeles Angels 7 1979, 2004, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2021, 2023 Baltimore Orioles/St. Louis Browns 6 1922, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1983, 1991 Texas Rangers 1974, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2010 Milwaukee Brewers 5 1981, 1982, 1989, 2011, 2018 Chicago White Sox 1959, 1972, 1993, 1994, 2020 Cleveland Indians / Guardians 3 1926, 1948, 1953 Seattle Mariners 2 1997, 2001 Toronto Blue Jays 1987, 2015 Houston Astros 1994, 2017 Kansas City Royals 1 1980 San Diego Padres 1996 Colorado Rockies 1997 Washington Nationals 2015 Miami Marlins 2017 Arizona Diamondbacks 0 none New York Mets none Tampa Bay Rays none
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