Calendar year
November 9 : Napoleon overthrows theFrench Directory , ends French Revolution with theCoup of 18 Brumaire .July 15 : French CaptainPierre-François Bouchard finds theRosetta Stone .1799 by topic Arts and science Countries Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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September 25 :Second Battle of Zurich 1799 (MDCCXCIX ) was acommon year starting on Tuesday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar , the 1799th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 99th year of the18th century , and the 10th and last year of the1790s decade. As of the start of 1799, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
July 7 –Ranjit Singh 's men take their positions outsideLahore .July 12 –Ranjit Singh capturesLahore from theBhangi Misl , a key step in establishing theSikh Empire , and becomingMaharaja of thePunjab .July 15 – In the Egyptian port city ofRosetta , French Captain Pierre Bouchard finds theRosetta Stone .July 25 – AtAboukir , Egypt,Napoleon defeats 10,000Ottoman Mamluk troops underMustafa Pasha .August 15 – War of the Second Coalition:Battle of Novi – the defeat ofBarthélemy Joubert 's army bySuvorov 's Austrian–Russian troops.August 27 –War of the Second Coalition –Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland : Britain and Russia send an expedition to theBatavian Republic .August 29 –Pope Pius VI , at the time the longest reigning Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, dies as aprisoner of war in the citadel of the French city ofValence , after 24½ years of rule.August 30 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland –Vlieter Incident : A squadron of theBatavian Republic 's navy, commanded by Rear-AdmiralSamuel Story , surrenders to the British Royal Navy, under SirRalph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell, nearWieringen , without joining action.September 10 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland -Battle of Krabbendam : the Russo-British expedition force defends its initial gains from attacks by Franco-Dutch forces.[ 2] September 18 – Victory ofArchduke Charles and the Austrian army at theBattle of Mannheim (1799) over a French force underJacques Léonard Muller September 19 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland -Battle of Bergen : Franco-Dutch forces hold their ground against the Russo-British expedition force.September 23 –Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford , theGovernor of British Ceylon (nowSri Lanka ), issues a proclamation declaring that the laws of the Netherlands for the conqueredDutch Ceylon shall be enforced until superseded by new laws.[ 3] September 29 – theSecond Roman Republic , apuppet state formed by the French Army after their dissolution of thePapal States and the occupation ofRome , is dissolved 19 months after its creation on February 15, 1798.[ 4] September 30 –Suvorov's Swiss campaign –Battle of the Muottental : the rout of Masséna's French troops by Suvorov's army.October 2 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland –Battle of Alkmaar : the Russo-British expedition force wins a small tactical victory over the Franco-Dutch forces.October 6 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland –Battle of Castricum : Franco-Dutch forces defeat the Russo-British expedition force.[ 5] October 9 –HMS Lutine (a famous treasure wreck) is sunk in theWest Frisian Islands .October 12 –Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of 900 metres (3,000 ft).October 16 –Action of 16 October 1799 : A Spanish treasure convoy worth more than £54,000,000 is captured by the BritishRoyal Navy offVigo .October 18 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Anglo-Russian expedition forces surrender inNorth Holland .November 5 –HMSSceptre is driven ashore and wrecked in a storm inTable Bay , South Africa, with the loss of 349 and 41 survivors.[ 6] November 9 (Coup of 18 Brumaire ) –Napoleon overthrows theFrench Directory in acoup d'état , which ends theFrench Revolution .November 10 (19 Brumaire) – A remnant of theCouncil of Ancients in France abolishes theConstitution of the Year III , and ordains theFrench Consulate with Napoleon as First Consul, with theConstitution of the Year VIII .November 30 –1799–1800 Papal conclave opens inVenice atSan Giorgio Monastery .December 3 – War of the Second Coalition:Battle of Wiesloch : Austrian Lieutenant Field MarshalAnton Sztáray defeats the French atWiesloch .December 10 – France adopts the metre as its official unit of length.December 14 –George Washington , first President of the United States, dies atMount Vernon, Virginia , aged 67.December 31 – TheDutch East India Company 's charter is allowed to expire by theBatavian Republic .The Place Royale in Paris is renamedPlace des Vosges Eli Whitney , holding a 1798 United States government contract for the manufacture ofmuskets , is introduced byOliver Wolcott Jr. to the concept ofinterchangeable parts , an origin of theAmerican system of manufacturing .[ 7] Conrad John Reed, 12, finds what he describes as a "heavy yellow rock" along Little Meadow Creek inCabarrus County, North Carolina , and makes it a doorstop in his home. Conrad's father John Reed learns that the rock is actually gold in 1802, initiating the first gold rush in the United States. The assassination of the 14thTu'i Kanokupolu ,Tukuʻaho ,Tonga begins half a century of civil war inTonga . TheNawab (provincial governor) ofOudh in northern India sends toGeorge III of Great Britain thePadshah Nama Shah Jahan . William Cockerill begins buildingcotton-spinning equipment in Belgium.The small town ofTignish, Prince Edward Island , Canada is founded. Carl Adolph von Basedow Honoré de Balzac Alexander Pushkin January 6 –Jedediah Smith , American fur trapper, explorer (d. 1831)January 12 –Priscilla Susan Bury , British botanist (d. 1872)January 23 –Alois Negrelli , Tyrolean engineer, railroad pioneer active in the Austrian Empire (1858)January 31 –Rodolphe Töpffer , Swiss teacher, author, and artist (d.1846 )[ 8] February 4 –Almeida Garrett , Portuguese writer (d.1854 )[ 9] February 11 –Basil Moreau , founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross (d. 1873)February 14 –Walenty Wańkowicz , Polish painter (d. 1842)February 17 –Carl Julian (von) Graba , German lawyer and ornithologist who visited the Faroe Islands (d. 1874)February 27 –Edward Belcher , British admiral (d. 1877)March 8 –Simon Cameron , American politician (d. 1889)March 16 –Anna Atkins , British botanist (d. 1871)March 22 –Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander , German astronomer (d. 1875)March 28 –Karl Adolph von Basedow , German physician, noted for reporting the symptoms ofGraves–Basedow disease (d. 1854)March 29 –Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1869)April 12 –Henri Druey , Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1855)April 17 –Eliza Acton , English poet and cookery writer (d. 1859)[ 10] May 9 –Philipp von Stadion und Thannhausen , Austrian field marshal (d. 1868)May 20 –Honoré de Balzac , French author (d. 1850)[ 11] May 21 –Mary Anning , British paleontologist (d. 1847)May 25 –Alexei Lvov , Russian composer (d. 1870)June 3 –Elisabetta Fiorini Mazzanti , Italian botanist (d. 1879)June 6 –Alexander Pushkin , Russian author (d. 1837)June 18 –Prosper Ménière , French physician (d. 1862)June 25 –David Douglas , Scottish-born botanist (d. 1834)July 4 – KingOscar I of Sweden and Norway (d. 1859)[ 12] July 6 –Michael Thomas Bass , English brewer (d. 1884)August 12 September 1 –Ferenc Gyulay , Hungarian nobleman, general, and governor (d. 1868)September 8 –James Bowman Lindsay , Scottish inventor (d. 1862)September 10 –George Willison Adams , American abolitionist (d. 1879) October 1 –John Brown Russwurm ,Americo-Liberian journalist and governor of the AfricanRepublic of Maryland (d. 1851)[ 13] October 18 –Christian Friedrich Schönbein , German chemist (d. 1868)October 26 –Margaret Agnes Bunn , British actress (d. 1883)November 1 –Thomas Baldwin Marsh , American religious leader (d. 1866)November 7 –James Syme , Scottish medical reformer (d. 1870)November 29 –Amos Bronson Alcott , American philosopher, educator and writer, father of novelistLouisa May Alcott (d.1888 )[ 14] December 3 –Peggy Eaton , born Margaret O'Neill, wife of United States Secretary of StateJohn Eaton and central character in thePetticoat affair (d. 1879)December 25 –Manuel Bulnes , Chilean general and politician,President of Chile (d. 1866)Qianlong Emperor Tipu Sultan January 9 –Maria Gaetana Agnesi , Italian mathematician (b. 1718)January 18 –Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz , Luxembourgish botanist (b. 1722)January 22 –Horace-Bénédict de Saussure , Swiss aristocrat, alpinist (b. 1740)January 26 –Gabriel Christie (British Army officer) , British Army general (b. 1722)February 6 –Étienne-Louis Boullée , French architect (b. 1728)February 7 –Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1711)February 9 –Johann Baptist Babel , Swiss sculptor (b. 1716)February 12 February 16 –Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1724)February 19 –Jean-Charles de Borda , French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (b. 1733)February 22 –Heshen , Manchu official under Qianlong (b. 1750)February 24 –Georg Christoph Lichtenberg , German scientist, satirist, and Anglophile (b. 1742)[ 15] March 13 –Richard Hotham , English property developer and politician (b. 1722)March 17 –Sir Charles Thompson, 1st Baronet , British admiral, politician (b. c. 1740)March 18 March 28 –Etta Palm d'Aelders , Dutch-French feminist (b. 1743)March 29 –Helena Dorothea von Schönberg , German industrialist (b. 1729)April 3 –Pierre Charles Le Monnier , French astronomer (b. 1715)April 6 –Alexander Bezborodko , Grand Chancellor of Russia, architect ofCatherine the Great 's foreign policy (b. 1747)April 28 –Matthew Griswold (governor) , 17th Governor of Connecticut (1784–1786) (b. 1714)May 2 –Guemes Padilla Horcasitas , the Viceroy ofNew Spain (b. 1740)May 4 –Tipu Sultan , 48, Indian warrior and ruler of theKingdom of Mysore in the late 18th century (b. 1750)[ 16] May 18 –Pierre Beaumarchais , French writer (b. 1732)[ 17] May 22 –Toypurina , Medicine woman of the Tongva nation and rebel leader (b. 1750)May 26 –James Burnett, Lord Monboddo , Scottish jurist (b. 1714)May 30 –Robert McQueen, Lord Braxfield , Scottish advocate and judge (b. 1722)June 6 –Patrick Henry , American revolutionary politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1736)[ 18] June 7 –Victoire of France , French princess (b.1733)June 10 –Chevalier de Saint-Georges , Guadeloupe-born French musician (b. 1745)June 24 –Dunbar Douglas, 4th Earl of Selkirk , Scottish peer (b. 1722)June 30 –Francesco Caracciolo , Neapolitan admiral, revolutionist (b. 1752)Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier George Washington July 7 –William Curtis , English botanist, entomologist (b. 1746)August 2 –Jacques Étienne Montgolfier , French inventor of the hot-air balloon, balloonist (b. 1744)August 4 –John Bacon , British sculptor (b. 1740)August 5 –Richard Howe , British admiral (b. 1726)August 15 –Barthélemy Catherine Joubert , French general (b. 1769)August 29 –Pope Pius VI (b. 1717)August 31 –Nicolas-Henri Jardin , French architect (b. 1720)September 7 October 6 –William Withering , British physician (b. 1741)October 9 –Pierre Pigneau de Behaine , French priest who helped to establish theNguyễn dynasty (b. 1741)October 20 –James Iredell ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1751)October 24 –Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf , Austrian composer (b. 1739)November 22 –Judith van Dorth , Dutch orangist (b. 1747)November 23 –Mark Robinson (Royal Navy officer) , Royal Navy admiral (b. 1722)December 6 –Joseph Black , Scottish physician, physicist, and chemist (b. 1728)December 14 –George Washington , military leader of the American Revolution, president of the Constitutional Convention (1787), and the 1st President of the United States (b. 1732)December 18 –Jean-Étienne Montucla , French mathematician (b. 1725)December 31 –Jean-François Marmontel , French historian and writer (b. 1723)[ 19] ^ "Historical Events for Year 1799 | OnThisDay.com" .Historyorb.com . October 12, 1799. RetrievedJuly 11, 2016 .^ *(in Dutch) Krayenhoff, C.R.T. Geschiedkundige Beschouwing van den Oorlog op het grondgebied der Bataafsche Republiek in 1799. J.C. Vieweg[1] Archived November 12, 2022, at theWayback Machine Page=115 ^ Nadaraja, T. (1972).The Legal System of Ceylon in Its Historical Setting . E. J. Brill. p. 181. ^ Formica, Marina (2004). "The Protagonists and the Principal Phases of the Roman Republic of 1798 to 1799". In Burton, Deborah; et al. (eds.).Tosca's Prism: Three Moments of Western Cultural History . Northeastern University Press. p. 67. ^ "not known".International Review of Military History . ICMH, International Commission of Military History: 40. 1984. ^ "The Autobiography of Sir John Barrow".The United Service Magazine 337 . RetrievedNovember 4, 2008 . ^ Woodbury, Robert S. (1960). "The Legend of Eli Whitney and Interchangeable Parts".Technology and Culture 1 (3):235– 253.doi :10.2307/3101392 .JSTOR 3101392 .S2CID 147367529 . ^ public domain : Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Töpffer, Rodolphe ".Encyclopædia Britannica 49– 50.^ Prestage, Edgar (1911)."Garrett, João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida" Encyclopædia Britannica 474– 475.^ An encyclopedia of British women writers (Rev. and expanded ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 1998. p. 1.ISBN 0813525438 ^ Little, Iain (1984).Honoré de Balzac, Le père Goriot . Harlow: Longman. p. 5.ISBN 9780582781863 ^ "Oscar I | king of Sweden and Norway" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedDecember 15, 2020 .^ James, Winston (2010).The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm . New York, NY: New York University Press. pp. 25, 90, 105.ISBN 978-0-8147-4289-1 ^ Matteson, John (2007).Eden's Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father ISBN 978-0-393-33359-6 ^ Lichtenberg, Georg (2012).Georg Christoph Lichtenberg : philosophical writings, selected from the Waste books . Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 2.ISBN 9781438441986 ^ "Tipu Sultan killed at Seringapatam | History Today" .www.historytoday.com . RetrievedSeptember 3, 2023 .^ Sadie, Stanley (2000).Mozart and his operas . London New York: Macmillan Reference Ltd. St. Martin's Press. p. 113.ISBN 9780333790199 ^ Glass, Andrew (June 6, 2018)."Patrick Henry dies in Virginia at age 63, June 6, 1799" .POLITICO . RetrievedSeptember 3, 2023 . ^ Mueller von Asow; Erich Hermann; Mueller von Asow (1962).Collected Correspondence and Papers . Barrie and Rockliff. p. 67. 
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