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910s

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Decade

Millennium
1st millennium
Centuries
9th century 10th century 11th century
Decades
890s 900s 910s 920s 930s
Years
910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919
Categories
Births Deaths Establishments Disestablishments
v t e

The910s decade ran from January 1, 910, to December 31, 919.

Events

June 12 –Battle of Augsburg: TheHungarians defeat theEast Frankish army under KingLouis IV (the Child), using the famousfeigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.^[1] Count Gausbert, the actual commander of the East Frankish army (because Louis IV is only 16 years old at this time), is killed in the battle.
June 22 –Battle of Rednitz: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army near theRednitz River, killing its leaderGebhard, Duke ofLotharingia (Lorraine). After the battle Louis IV, together with the East Frankish duchiesFranconia, Lotharingia,Bavaria andSaxony, agrees to paytribute to theHungarian state.
Summer – KingAlfonso III of Asturias is forced to abdicate thethrone and partitions the kingdom among his three sons. The eldest son,García I, becomes king ofLeón. The second son,Ordoño II, reigns inGalicia, while the third,Fruela II, receivesAsturias withOviedo as his capital.

Britain

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August 5 –Battle of Tettenhall: KingEdward the Elder attacks the joint-KingsEowils and Halfdan of NorseYork. All three Viking monarchs are killed in battle (one chronicle mentions a third brother) and theViking army is decisively defeated by allied forces ofMercia andWessex. The co-Kings are succeeded byRagnall ua Ímair.

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Religion

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William I (the Pious) ofAquitaine, donates land inBurgundy for the building of aBenedictine monastery dedicated to the saintsPeter andPaul. Hence theAbbey of Cluny, becomes the largest in theWest. In the foundation charter, William renounces all rights to the monastery and nominatesBerno as the firstabbot ofCluny (EasternFrance). He places the monastery directly under the control of thePapal See.
Gabriel I becomes Pope of theCoptic Orthodox Church inAlexandria (Egypt).

911

This section istranscluded fromAD 911.(edit |history)

By place

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Europe

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September 24 – KingLouis IV (the Child), the lastCarolingian ruler of theEast Frankish Kingdom, dies atFrankfurt am Main after an 11-year reign. The East Frankish dukes electConrad I atForchheim as the king of the East Frankish Kingdom. Charles III is elected as king ofLotharingia. Conrad is chosen through the influence of Louis' guardian andregent,Hatto I, archbishop ofMainz.
Autumn – KingCharles III (the Simple) andRollo, leader of theVikings, sign a peace agreement (Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte). In return for his homage and conversion toChristianity, Rollo becomes avassal and is madeCount of Rouen; this is the beginning of the duchy of Normandy. He divides the lands between the riversEpte andRisle among his chieftains, and prevents any other Vikings sailing up theSeine to attack theWest Frankish Kingdom.^[2]
TheHungarians crossBavaria, and invadeSwabia andFranconia. They plunder the territories fromMinfeld toAargau. After that, they cross theRhine, and attackBurgundy for the first time.
The Fatimids begin the conquest ofSicily, over theirAghlabid archrivals. Fatimid Sicilian governor Ibn al-Khinzir raids the south Italian coast (approximate date).

Britain

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LordÆthelred ofMercia dies. He is buried inSt. Oswald's Priory atGloucester and is succeeded by his wife, PrincessÆthelflæd, as Lady of the Mercians. Her brother, KingEdward the Elder, insists on taking control ofLondon andOxford.

Africa

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A rebellion of theKutama Berbers against theFatimid Caliphate occurs. The Kutama tribesmen were previously the main supporters of theShia regime.^[3]

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Religion

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April 14 – PopeSergius III dies atRome after a 7-year reign. He is succeeded byAnastasius III as the 120thpope of theCatholic Church.

912

This section istranscluded fromAD 912.(edit |history)

By place

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Byzantine Empire

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May 11 – EmperorLeo VI (the Wise) dies after a 26-year reign, in which he has completed the Byzantine code of laws (Basilika). He is succeeded by his brotherAlexander III as emperor (basileus) alongside Leo's 6-year-old sonConstantine VII. Alexander becomesde facto ruler of theByzantine Empire and expels EmpressZoe Karbonopsina, the mother of Constantine, from the palace andexiles her to a nunnery.^[4]

Europe

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German dukesHenry the Fowler ofSaxony andArnulf I (the Bad) ofBavaria claim themselves to be sovereign princes, not recognizing the authority of their overlord, KingConrad I of theEast Frankish Kingdom, as he is not aCarolingian. DukeErchanger II ofSwabia and Conrad's brother, DukeEberhard III ofFranconia, support theConradines.
Orso II Participazio becomes thedoge of Venice. He sends his sonPietro toConstantinople in order to re-establish the relationship with Alexander III.
KingOrdoño II of Galicia continues his expansion of theChristian polity. He sacks the cities ofMérida andÉvora.^[5]

Britain

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LadyÆthelflæd expands her policy by building defensiveburghs atShrewsbury andBridgnorth. The fortifications are needed to protectMercia against plunderingVikings from theDanelaw (Danish territory inEngland).^[6]

Arabian Empire

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October 16 –Abd al-Rahman III succeeds his grandfatherAbdullah ibn Muhammad (after his execution) and becomesemir ofCórdoba (Al-Andalus).^[7]
The second rebellion in two years, of theKutama tribesmen against theFatimid Caliphate, occurs.^[8]

China

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July 18 – EmperorTaizu (Zhu Wen) is murdered in the imperial palace atKaifeng by his eldest living sonZhu Yougui after a 5-year reign. He succeeds his father as the ruler ofLater Liang.

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Religion

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Euthymius I is deposed asPatriarch of Constantinople, andNicholas Mystikos is restored.

913

This section istranscluded fromAD 913.(edit |history)

By place

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Byzantine Empire

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June 6 – EmperorAlexander III dies of exhaustion while playing the gametzykanion (Byzantine name forpolo). He is succeeded by his 8-year-old nephewConstantine VIIPorphyrogennetos ("born in the purple"), a son of the late emperorLeo VI (the Wise). The government is administered by aregency council composed of Constantine's mother, EmpressZoe Karbonopsina, PatriarchNicholas Mystikos and his guardianJohn Eladas.
August –Byzantine–Bulgarian War:Simeon I (the Great), ruler (knyaz) of theBulgarian Empire, launches a campaign at the head of a large Bulgarian army, and reachesConstantinople unopposed. The Bulgarians besiege the Byzantine capital and construct ditches from theGolden Horn to theGolden Gate at theMarmara Sea.^[9]^[10] After negotiations thesiege is lifted and Simeon is recognised as emperor of the Bulgarians.
Summer –Constantine Doukas, a Byzantine general (magister militum), tries, unsuccessfully, with the support of severalaristocrats to usurp thethrone from the young Constantine VII. He is killed in a clash by the soldiers of theHetaireia guard, assembled by John Eladas. His head is cut off and presented to Constantine.^[11]^[12]^[13]

Europe

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Battle of the Inn: TheHungarians invadeBavaria,Swabia and NorthernBurgundy. At their return they face the combined armies ofArnulf (duke of Bavaria),Erchanger andBurchard II (dukes of Swabia), who defeat them at Aschbach near theInn River (modernGermany).^[14]

Britain

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KingEdward the Elder begins with the 'reconquest' of theDanelaw and occupiesEssex. Death of High-Reeve Eadwulf II. He is succeeded by his sonEaldred I, who is almost immediately driven out by KingRagnall ua Ímair ofNorse York. Ealdred flees to the court of KingConstantine II of Scotland.

Arabian Empire

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CaliphAbdullah al-Mahdi Billah of theFatimid Caliphate replaces the unpopular governor Ibn Abi Khinzir with Ali ibn Umar al-Balawi. But the Sicilian lords find this unacceptable and decide to declare independence ofSicily. They acknowledge allegiance to theAbbasid caliphAl-Muqtadir and acclaim an Aghlabid prince, Ahmed ibn Khorob, asemir of Sicily. The Sicilians re-launch their conquest of ByzantineCalabria, while Ahmed ibn Khorob in Sicily leads a successful assault against theNorth African cities ofSfax andTripoli.^[15]

By topic

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Religion

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Summer – PopeAnastasius III dies atRome after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded byLando as the 121stpope of theCatholic Church.
San Miguel de Escalada is built inLeón (NorthernSpain) by orders of KingGarcía I (approximate date).

914

This section istranscluded fromAD 914.(edit |history)

By place

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Byzantine Empire

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Spring – EmpressZoe Karbonopsina leads a palace coup atConstantinople and, with the support of themagistrosJohn Eladas, overthrows PatriarchNicholas Mystikos asregent over her son, EmperorConstantine VII. She allows Nicholas to remain as patriarch, repudiates the title granted toSimeon I of Bulgaria (see913) and nullifies the marriage plans (with a Bulgarian princess) made for her son by Nicholas.^[16]
Summer –Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Simeon I, with theBulgarian army, invades the themes ofThrace andMacedonia. Simultaneously, the Bulgarian troops penetrate into the regions ofDyrrhachium andThessalonica to the west. Thrace's largest and most important city,Adrianople (modernTurkey), is besieged and captured. However, theByzantines promptly regain the city in exchange for a huge ransom.^[17]

Europe

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January 19 – KingGarcía I dies atZamora (Spain) after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his brotherOrdoño II, who becomes king ofGalicia andLeón. Ordoño continues his expansion and settles his court inLeón.^[18]
Summer –Saracens fromGarigliano establish advanced strongholds inLazio atTrevi (in theSabine Hills, nearPalestrina) andSutri. From here, they encroach on the papal cities ofOrte,Narni andNepi with impunity.
Viking raiders establish a settlement nearWaterford (Ireland) led byOttir (the Black). TheDublin Vikings are forced to paytribute to the Irish kings ofMeath andLeinster as the price to keeping their independence.^[19]
InAl-Andalus adrought leads to a terriblefamine in theIberian Peninsula, which continues in915.^[20] In his centralization effort, theUmayyad caliphAbd al-Rahman III, reconquersSeville from the Banu Hajjaj clan.^[21]

Britain

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Vikings devastate theWelsh coast and move up theSevern River. They capture BishopCyfeilliog ofErgyng, and he is ransomed by KingEdward the Elder. The Vikings are defeated by levies fromHereford andGloucester.^[22]
Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, a daughter of KingAlfred the Great, builds aburh or fortified dwelling atWarwick and repairsEddisbury hill fort. She leads the Mercians in their fight against theDanish invaders.^[23]

Africa

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January 24 – TheFatimid general,Hubasa ibn Yusuf of theKutama Berber tribe, marches out with his troops toinvade Egypt. He follows the coastline, and takes possession of the only two towns of any sizeSyrte andAjdabiya, without a struggle. Thegarrisons of the two towns—the westernmost outposts of theAbbasid Caliphate—have already fled.^[24]
February 6 – Hubasa takes Barqah (modern-dayBenghazi), the ancient capital ofCyrenaica. The Abbasid governor withdraws toEgypt, before the superior strength of the Fatimids. With this rich, fertile province fallen into his hands, it provides Hubāsa with 24,000gold dinars in annual revenues fromtaxes, as well as 15,000 dinars paid byChristians.^[24]
July 11 –Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, son of the Fatimid caliphAbdullah al-Mahdi Billah, leavesRaqqada at the head of an army, which is composed of Kutama warriors and the Arabjund (personal guard) in an attempt to conquer Egypt. He sends orders to Hubāsa to wait for him, but driven by ambition Hubāsa is already on his way toAlexandria.^[24]
August 27 – Hubasa captures Alexandria, after a victorious encounter with Egyptian troops near al-Hanniyya (modern-dayEl Alamein). The Abbasid governorTakin al-Khazari refuses to surrender and asks for reinforcements, which reach him in September. Shortly after al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah enters Alexandria, with the rest of his army.^[24]
December – The Fatimid army under Hubasa leaves Alexandria, followed by al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah. The Abbasid troops holdFustat and begin acounter-offensive against the invaders. The Kutama cavalry suffers heavy losses to theTurkish archers.^[24]

Arabian Empire

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January 12 –Ahmad Samani, emir of theSamanid Empire, is murdered (decapitation) while sleeping in his tent atBukhara (modernUzbekistan) by some of his slaves. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son,Nasr II, under the regency of VizierAbu Abdallah al-Jayhani. The Abbasids try, in vain, to benefit from the turmoil to reconquerSistan.^[25]
Sajid invasion of Georgia: A Muslim army underYusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj campaigns in theGeorgian principalities. He makesTiflis his base for operations, and invadesKakheti. Yusuf proceeds toKartli, where the fortifications ofUplistsikhe are demolished. Hebesieges and captures the fortress of Q'ueli, putting its defenderGobron to death.^[26]
Hasan al-Utrush re-establishesZaydid rule over the provinceTabaristan (Northern Iran), after 14 years of Samanid occupation. He becomes the new ruler (emir) and Zaydidnoblemen accept his authority.

Asia

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February 4 – TheBelanjong pillar is established onBali.
InIndia EmperorIndra III of theRashtrakuta Dynasty, a grandson ofKrishna II, begins his rule (until929).^[27]

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Religion

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March or April –Pope Lando dies atRome after a reign of less than a year. He is succeeded byJohn X, archbishop ofRavenna, as the 122ndpope of theCatholic Church.

915

This section istranscluded fromAD 915.(edit |history)

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Europe

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Summer –Battle of Garigliano: The Christian League, personally led byPope John X, layssiege toGarigliano (a fortified Arab camp in the area ofMinturno), which is blockaded from the sea by theByzantine navy. After three months of siege, plagued by hunger, theSaracens decide to break out of Garigliano and find their way back toSicily by any means possible. Christian hunting parties fall on the fleeing Arabs, and all are captured and executed.^[28]
July – TheMagyars (Hungarians), led byZoltán, only son of the late Grand PrinceÁrpád, attackSwabia,Franconia andSaxony. Small units penetrate as far asBremen, burning the city.

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Religion

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December 3 – John X crowns the Italian sovereignBerengar I as theHoly Roman Emperor inRome. Berengar returns to northernItaly, whereFriuli is threatened by the Hungarians.

916

This section istranscluded fromAD 916.(edit |history)

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Europe

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SicilianBerbers inAgrigento revolt and depose the independent Emir Ahmed ibn Khorob. They offerSicily to theFatimid Caliphate inIfriqiya (modernTunisia). CaliphAbdullah al-Mahdi Billah welcomes this turn of events, but refuses to grant the Berber rulers their autonomy. He sends a Fatimid expeditionary force under Abu Said Musa which lands in Sicily and, with some difficulty, takes control of the island. Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah appoints Salam ibn Rashid as theemir of Sicily. Ahmed ibn Khorob is dispatched toRaqqada and executed.^[29]

Britain

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LadyÆthelflæd, daughter of the late KingAlfred the Great and the widow of EarlÆthelred of Mercia, sends an army intoBrycheiniog to avenge the murder of the Mercianabbot Ecbryht and his companions. They seize and burn the royal fort of King Tewdr of Brycheiniog atLlangorse Lake (Wales), and take the queen and thirty-three others captive.^[30]

Asia

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Abaoji, Khitan ruler and founder of theLiao Dynasty, adoptsChinese court formalities in which he declares himself emperor in the Chinese style and adopts anera name,Taizu of Liao. He names his eldest sonYelü Bei as heir apparent, a first in the history of theKhitan. Abaoji leads a campaign in the west, conquering much of theMongolian Plains.^[31]

By topic

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Religion

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Clement of Ohrid, Bulgarian scholar, writer and enlightener of theSlavs, dies. He is regarded as the first bishop of theBulgarian Orthodox Church and the founder of the first SlavicLiterary School. Clement is buried in his monastery,Saint Panteleimon, inOhrid (modernNorth Macedonia).

917

This section istranscluded fromAD 917.(edit |history)

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Byzantine Empire

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August 20 –Battle of Achelous: AByzantine expeditionary force (62,000 men) under GeneralLeo Phokas (the Elder) is routed by theBulgarians at theAchelous River near the fortress of Anchialos (modernPomorie) on theBlack Sea coast. Phokas flees to Mesembria (modernNesebar) and escapes by boarding a ship. TsarSimeon I (the Great) becomesde facto ruler of the wholeBalkan Peninsula, except the well-protected Byzantine capital ofConstantinople and thePeloponnese.^[32]
Fall –Battle of Katasyrtai: The Bulgarian army under Simeon I marches southwards to Constantinople. Leo Phokas, who survived at Anchelous, gathers the last Byzantine troops to intercept the Bulgarians before they reach the capital. The two armies meet near the village of Katasyrtai, just outside Constantinople. After a surprise night attack, the Byzantines are completely routed from the battlefield.^[33]

Europe

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Bulgarian–Serbian War: Simeon I sends a Bulgarian expeditionary force underTheodore Sigritsa andMarmais toSerbia. The two persuadePetar Gojniković, a Serbian prince who formed an anti-Bulgarian coalition, to meet for a peace agreement. They seize him and send the rebellious prince to the Bulgarian capital ofPreslav, where he dies in prison. Simeon replaces Petar withPavle Branović, a grandson of princeMutimir, who lives in Preslav. Serbia becomes apuppet state until 921.^[34]
TheHungarians, after attackingSwabia, sack and burnBasel (modernSwitzerland). They invadeLorraine inLotharingia, destroyingVerdun andMoyenmoutier, and many monasteries inAlsace. DukeArnulf I (the Bad) with Hungarian military aid, reconquers his land from KingConrad I of theEast Frankish Kingdom. After this event,Bavaria and Swabia agree to paytribute to the Hungarians.
Battle of Confey: The NorseVikings underSigtrygg Caech defeat and kill KingAugaire mac Ailella ofLeinster in battle. Sigtrygg re-capturesDublin and establishes himself as king, while his kinsmanRagnall ua Ímair returns toEngland to becomeKing of Northumbria.

Britain

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Summer – LadyÆthelflæd ofMercia cements analliance with KingConstantine II of Scotland againstNorse York. She captures the fortress atDerby (belonging to theFive Boroughs of the Danelaw), while her brother, KingEdward the Elder, takesTowcester.^[35] Æthelflæd's armies also ravageBrycheiniog (Wales) in revenge for killing the Mercianabbot Ecbryht (see916).
Battle of Tempsford: The English army led by Edward the Elder defeats the Danish Vikings atTempsford. They storm the fortifiedburh and kill KingGuthrum II ofEast Anglia, along with the DanishJarls Toglos and Manna.

Islamic Empire

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Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz: Umayyad forces under Abi-Abdabesiege therepoblación ofSan Esteban de Gormaz (NorthernSpain). KingOrdoño II of León (supported by his brotherFruela II of Asturias) allies himself withSancho I, king ofPamplona, and defeats theMoors. Abi-Abda is captured and executed bydecapitation.

Asia

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September 5 – TheGreat Yue Kingdom, later renamedSouthern Han, is founded byLiu Yan, former governor and military advisor, in Panyu (modernGuangdong) andGuangxi. Liu Yan declares himself emperor, and gives his niece Liu Hua inmarriage toWang Yanjun, a son of his rivalWang Shenzhi (Prince ofMin), to cement a relationship between the two states.

918

This section istranscluded fromAD 918.(edit |history)

By place

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Europe

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December 23 – KingConrad I, injured at one of his battles withArnulf I (the Bad), dies at his residence inWeilburg Castle after a 7-year reign. On his deathbed Conrad persuades his younger brotherEberhard III to offer theEast Frankish crown toHenry the Fowler, the duke ofSaxony. Conrad is buried inFulda Cathedral (also the burial place ofBoniface) inGermany.

Britain

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Battle of Corbridge: High-ReeveEaldred I persuades KingConstantine II of Scotland to help him reclaim his position inBernicia. They mount an invasion of his nowNorse controlled lands. TheVikings underRagnall ua Ímair (orRægnald) defeat the Scots and their allies atCorbridge (NorthernNorthumbria), but take heavy casualties themselves.
Summer – LadyÆthelflæd ofMercia begins to intrigue with disaffected factions within the NorseKingdom of York (also referred to asJórvik). Mercian troops ravage the local countryside and peacefully overrun the fortress ofLeicester (belonging to theFive Boroughs of the Danelaw), while her brother, KingEdward the Elder, takesStamford.
June 12 – Æthelflæd dies atTamworth while campaigning against the Vikings. She is buried with her husbandÆthelred inSt. Oswald's Priory atGloucester. Æthelflæd is succeeded by her only daughterÆlfwynn.
KingsIdwal Foel ofGwynedd andHywel ap Cadell, and Prince Clydog ofDeheubarth (Wales) submit to the overlordship of Edward the Elder. The Vikings raidAnglesey.

Asia

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July 25 –Wang Kon, aKorean general, overthrows the government of the short-lived stateHo Goguryeo and ascends thethrone atCheorwon. He founds theGoryeo dynasty and makesSong'ak his capital.
EmperorTaizu of theKhitan Empire occupies a newly walled city calledShangjing (modern-dayInner Mongolia), meaningSupreme Capital. It becomes the residence of the ChineseLiao dynasty.

919

This section istranscluded fromAD 919.(edit |history)

By Place

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Byzantine Empire

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March 25 –Romanos Lekapenos, admiral (droungarios) of theByzantine navy, seizes theBoukoleon Palace inConstantinople. He is namedmegas hetaireiarches (head of theimperial guard). Lekapenos consolidates his position and becomesregent of EmperorConstantine VII. He marries his 9-year-old daughterHelena Lekapene to Constantine and assumes the new title ofbasileopator (one of the highest offices in theByzantine Empire).

Europe

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May 24 – The nobles ofFranconia andSaxony electHenry the Fowler at theImperial Diet inFritzlar as ruler of theEast Frankish Kingdom. He recognizes thestem duchies (uniting them in a Germanconfederation) and all their sovereign privileges. Two of the four most influential duchies,Bavaria andSwabia, do not accept his rule. Henry fortifiesMagdeburg against theMagyars.
Summer –Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria ("the Bad"), is elected asanti-king by the East-Frankish nobles in opposition to Henry I.Burchard II, duke of Swabia, submits to Henry's rule — allowing him to retain administrative control over his duchy. After an absence of nearly 15 years, the Magyars raid Bavaria and NorthernItaly again, sacking thePo Valley (seeHungarian invasions of Europe).
September 14 –Battle of Islandbridge: High KingNiall Glúndub is killed while leading an Irish coalition against theDublin-basedVikings ofUí Ímair, led by KingSitric Cáech.

Britain

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LadyÆlfwynn of the Mercians is brought to the court of her uncle, KingEdward the Elder, and deprived of her authority inMercia. Edward formally annexes the kingdom, ending independent Mercian rule.
Ragnall ua Ímair, a Viking chief fromIreland, takes control of the NorseKingdom of York (also referred to asJórvik) and the English-ruled Earldom ofNorthumbria. He establishes himself as king atYork.^[36]

Africa

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April 5 – TheFatimid Caliphate ofIfriqiya (modern-dayTunisia) launch the secondFatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921) in an attempt to seizeEgypt from itsAbbasid rulers. The expedition fails and the Fatimids will be forced to retreat.^[37]
Following his death,Mara Takla Haymanot is succeeded by his eldest sonTatadim as ruler (negus) of theZagwe Dynasty inEthiopia.^[38]

China

[edit]

Battle of Langshan Jiang: TheWuyue navy (500 dragon ships) under PrinceQian Yuanguan who is preparing an invasion to attack theWu Kingdom, defeats the naval forces of General Peng Yanzhang on theYangtze River. Due to the use offlamethrower ships (usinggunpowder to ignitepetrol, likeGreek fire) Qian Yuanguan manages to destroy 400 enemy ships and captures 7,000 prisoners.

Mesoamerica

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TheAncestral Puebloans, living in theFour Corners, begin construction atPueblo Bonito, in modern-dayNew Mexico'sChaco Canyon (approximate date).

By topic

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Religion

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TheBulgarian Orthodox Church is declared asautocephalous and elevated to the rank ofpatriarchate at anecclesiastical council.

Significant people

[edit]

Al-Ash'ari
Al-Muqtadir Abbasid caliph
Leo VI of Byzantium

Births

Transcluding articles:910,AD 911,912,913,914,915,916,917,918, and919

910

Adalbert, archbishop ofMagdeburg (approximate date)
Eadgyth, Anglo-Saxon princess and queen ofGermany (d.946)
Fernán González, count ofCastile (approximate date)
Fujiwara no Asatada, Japanesenobleman (d.966)
Gamle Eirikssen, NorwegianViking ruler (d.955)
Gunnhild, Norwegian Viking queen (approximate date)
Hedwig of Saxony, Frankish noblewoman andregent (d.965)
Helena Lekapene, Byzantine empress (approximate date)
Herbert III, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
John XI, pope of theCatholic Church (d.935)
Ma Yize, Muslimastronomer (approximate date)
Minamoto no Saneakira, Japanese nobleman (d.970)
Nilus the Younger, Byzantineabbot (d.1005)
Oda of Metz, German noblewoman (d.963)
Sahl ben Matzliah, Jewish philosopher (d.990)
Yan Xu, Chinese chancellor (d.967)

911

Hassan ibn Ali Kalbi, Fatimidemir (d.964)
Fan Zhi, chancellor of theSong dynasty (d. 964)
Gozlin, count of theArdennes
Minamoto no Shitagō, Japanesewaka poet (d.983)
Willa of Tuscany, queen consort ofItaly (or912)
Yelü Lihu, prince of theKhitan Empire (d.960)

912

November 23 –Otto I, emperor of theHoly Roman Empire (d.973)
Alberic II,princeps and duke ofSpoleto (d.954)
Frederick I, duke ofUpper Lorraine (approximate date)
Hyejong, king ofGoryeo (Korea) (d.945)
Ma Xichong, governor and ruler ofChu (d.951)
Minamoto no Mitsunaka, Japanesenobleman andsamurai (d.997)
Nakatsukasa, Japanesewaka poet (d.991)
Nikephoros II, emperor of theByzantine Empire (d.969)
Pelagius of Córdoba, Christianmartyr (d.926)
Ryōgen, Japanese monk andabbot (d.985)
Willa of Tuscany, queen consort ofItaly (or911)
Xue Juzheng, Chinesescholar-official and historian (d.981)

913

al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah, Fatimidcaliph (d.953)
Gerberga, Frankish queen andregent (approximate date)
Shabbethai Donnolo, Jewish physician (d.982)
Theobald I, Frankishnobleman (d.975)
Wu Hanyue, Chinese noblewoman (d.952)

914

Al-Muti, Abbasidcaliph (d.974)
Chen Hongjin, Chinesewarlord (d.985)
Li Conghou, emperor ofLater Tang (d.934)
Luitgarde, duchess consort ofNormandy (d.978)
Shi Chonggui, emperor ofLater Jin (d. 974)
Valtoke Gormsson, Vikingnobleman (d.985)

915

January 13 –Al-Hakam II, Umayyadcaliph (d.976)
Abu Shakur Balkhi, Persian poet
Adalbert I, Frankishnobleman (approximate date)
Al-Mutanabbi, Muslim poet (d.965)
Boleslaus I, duke ofBohemia (approximate date)
Burchard III, Frankish nobleman (d.973)
Hasdai ibn Shaprut, Jewish diplomat (d.970)
Sunifred II, Frankish nobleman (d.968)
William III, Frankish nobleman (d.963)

916

June 22 –Sayf al-Dawla, Hamdanidemir (d.967)
Theodoric I, Germannobleman (approximate date)
Yuan Zong, emperor ofSouthern Tang (d.961)

917

September 20 –Kyunyeo, Koreanpoet (d.973)
Ibn Battah al-Ukbari, Arab theologian (d.997)
Kamo no Yasunori, Japanesespiritual advisor (d.977)
Theophylactus, patriarch ofConstantinople (d.956)

918

Minamoto no Hiromasa, Japanesenobleman (d.980)

919

January 29 –Shi Zong, emperor of theLiao Dynasty (d.951)
García I, king ofPamplona (d.970)
Li Cheng, Chinesepainter (d.967)
Meng Chang, emperor ofLater Shu (d.965)
Xu Jingqian, official andregent ofWu (d.937)
Theinhko, king of thePagan dynasty (d.956)

Deaths

Transcluding articles:910,AD 911,912,913,914,915,916,917,918, and919

910

January 26 –Luo Yin, Chinese statesman andpoet
June 2 –Richilde of Provence, Frankish empress
June 22
- Gebhard, Frankish nobleman
- Gerhard I, Frankish nobleman
July 4 –Luo Shaowei, Chinesewarlord (b.877)
July 31 –Feng Xingxi, Chinese warlord
August 5
- Eowils and Halfdan, kings ofNorthumbria
- Ingwær, king of Northumbria
December 20 –Alfonso III, king ofAsturias
December 23 –Naum of Preslav, Bulgarian writer
Adelin, bishop ofSéez (approximate date)
Andronikos Doukas, Byzantine general (approximate date)
Atenulf I (the Great), Lombard prince
Eustathios Argyros, Byzantine general
Isa al-Nushari, Abbasid governor
Ishaq ibn Hunayn, Abbasidphysician (or911)
Junayd Baghdadi, PersianSufi mystic (b.835)
Liu Shouwen, Chinese warlord and governor
Lu Guangchou, Chinese warlord
Mahendrapala I, king ofGurjara-Pratihara (India)
Muhammad ibn Tahir, Abbasid governor
Muncimir, duke (knyaz) ofCroatia
Sosei, Japanesewaka poet (b.844)
Wei Zhuang, Chinese poet (b.836)
Yasovarman I, ruler of theAngkor Empire

911

February 28 –Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i, MuslimShia missionary
April 4 –Liu Yin, governor ofSouthern Han (b.874)
April 14 –Sergius III, pope of theCatholic Church
August 18 –Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, firstZaydi Imam of Yemen (b.859)^[39]
Æthelred, lord ofMercia and husband ofÆthelflæd
Burchard I, Frankish nobleman
Ibn al-Rawandi, Muslim scholar and writer (b.827)
Louis IV, king of theEast Frankish Kingdom (b.893)
Lu Yanchang, Chinese governor (jiedushi)
Tecpancaltzin Iztaccaltzin, ruler of theToltec Empire
Wifred II, count ofBarcelona

912

May 11 –Leo VI, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (b.866)
May 25 –Xue Yiju, chancellor ofLater Liang
July 18 –Zhu Wen, emperor of Later Liang (b.852)
August 15 –Han Jian, Chinesewarlord (b.855)
October 15 –Abdullah ibn Muhammad, Muslimemir (b.844)
October 25 –Rudolph I, king ofBurgundy (b.859)
November 30 –Otto I, duke ofSaxony
Ahmad ibn Yusuf, Muslimmathematician (b.835)
Guanxiu, ChineseBuddhist monk andpoet (b.832)
Hermenegildo Gutiérrez, Galician nobleman
Hyogong, king ofSilla (Korea) (b.885)
Ibn Khordadbeh, Persiangeographer
Notker the Stammerer, Benedictinemonk
Oleg of Novgorod, Varangian prince
Pietro Tribuno, doge ofVenice (approximate date)
Qusta ibn Luqa, SyrianMelkite physician (b.820)
Rudalt, Breton nobleman (approximate date)
Smbat I, king ofArmenia (approximate date)
Wilferth, bishop ofLichfield (approximate date)
Zhang Ce, chancellor of Later Liang
Zhu Youwen, prince of Later Liang

913

March 27
- Du Xiao, chancellor ofLater Liang
- Zhang, empress of Later Liang
May 15 –Hatto I, archbishop ofMainz
June 6 –Alexander III, Byzantine emperor (b.870)
June/July –Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, founder of theQarmatian state inBahrayn (assassinated)^[40]^[41]
August 21 –Tang Daoxi, Chinese general
Anastasius III, pope of theCatholic Church
Cheng Ji, Chinese general andstrategist
Constantine Doukas, Byzantine general
Eadwulf II, ruler (high-reeve) ofNorthumbria
Li Yantu, ruler ofQian Prefecture
Torpaid mac Taicthech, Irish poet
Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah, Tahirid governor
Wang Yuanying, Chinese prince (b.892)
Zhu Yougui, emperor of Later Liang

914

January 12 –Ahmad Samani, Samanidemir
January 19 –García I, king ofLeón (Spain)
February 12 –Li, empress ofYan
December 31 –Ibn Hawshab, founder of theIsma'ili community in Yemen
Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, founder ofBahrain (or913)
Aedh mac Ailell, abbot ofClonfert
Bárid mac Oitir, Viking leader
Gobron, Georgian military commander
Idalguer, Frankishbishop
John Eladas, Byzantineregent
Krishna II, Indian ruler
Lando, pope of theCatholic Church
Li Jihui, Chinese governor
Liu Rengong, Chinese warlord
Liu Shouguang, Chinese warlord
Mu'nis al-Fahl, Abbasid general
Plegmund, archbishop ofCanterbury (or923)

915

April 23 –Yang Shihou, Chinese general
November 4 –Zhang, Chinese empress (b.892)
Abu Salih Mansur, Samanid governor
Adalbert II, Lombard nobleman
Al-Nasa'i, Muslim scholar andhadith compiler
Bi'dah al-Kabirah, was a songstress, and had been a slave of Arib. She died on 10 July 915. Abu Bakr ibn al-Muhtadi led the funeral prayers.^[42] She was also concubine of Abbasid caliph Al-Mamūn (r. 813–833)
Bertila of Spoleto, queen ofItaly
Cutheard, bishop ofLindisfarne
Domnall mac Áeda, king ofAilech (Ireland)
Gonzalo Fernandez, count ofCastile
Gregory IV, duke ofNaples
Jing Hao, Chinese painter
Leoluca, Sicilianabbot (approximate date)
Li Yanlu, Chinesewarlord
Ratbod, archbishop ofTrier
Reginar I, Frankish nobleman
Regino of Prüm, German abbot
Spytihněv I, duke of Bohemia
Sunyer II, Frankish nobleman
Tuotilo, German composer (approximate date)

916

March 27 –Alduin I, Frankish nobleman
May 25 –Flann Sinna, king ofMeath
Anarawd ap Rhodri, king ofGwynedd
Bencion, Frankish nobleman
Clement of Ohrid, Bulgarian scholar
Ge Congzhou, Chinese general
Mór ingen Cearbhaill, queen ofLaigin
Tighearnach ua Cleirigh, king ofAidhne
Theodora, Roman politician
Theodoric I, bishop ofPaderborn
Ziyadat Allah III, Aghlabid emir

917

January 21 –Erchanger, East Frankishnobleman
August 5 –Euthymius I, patriarch of Constantinople
August 20 –Constantine Lips, Byzantine admiral
Al-'Abbas ibn 'Amr al-Ghanawi, Abbasid governor
Augaire mac Ailella, king ofLeinster (Ireland)
Frederuna, West Frankish queen (b.887)
Guthrum II, king ofEast Anglia (England)
Hasan al-Utrush, emir ofTabaristan (Iran)
Nicholas Picingli, Byzantine general
Petar Gojniković, Serbian prince
Radboud, archbishop ofUtrecht
Sindeok, king ofSilla (Korea)

918

January 21 –Liu Zhijun, Chinese general
June 12 –Æthelflæd, lady ofMercia (b. c.870)^[43]
July 6 –William I, duke ofAquitaine (b.875)
September 10 –Baldwin II, Frankishmargrave
October 1 –Zhou, empress ofFormer Shu
December 23 –Conrad I, Frankish king
Gung Ye, king ofHu Goguryeo (Korea)
Husayn ibn Hamdan, Abbasid general
Lady Ren Neiming, Chinese noblewoman (b.865)
Miyoshi Kiyotsura, Japanese scholar (b.847)
Ottir (the Black), NorseViking chieftain
Tan Quanbo, Chinesewarlord (approximate date)
Wang Jian, emperor ofFormer Shu (b.847)
Xu Zhixun, Chinese governor andregent
Zhu Jin, Chinese warlord (b.867)

919

January 28 –Zhou Dewei, Chinese general
August 11 –Dhuka al-Rumi, Abbasid governor of Egypt^[44]
August 28 –He Gui, Chinese general (b.858)
September 14 –Niall Glúndub,High King of Ireland
December 18 –Lady Wu, wife ofQian Liu (b. 858)
Justan III, ruler of theJustanid Dynasty (Iran)
Khusrau Firuz, ruler of the Justanid Dynasty
Mara Takla Haymanot, ruler ofEthiopia
Solomon III, bishop ofConstance

References

[edit]

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^John Haywood (1995).Historical Atlas of the Vikings, p. 80. Penguin Books:ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
^Meynier, Gilbert (2010).L'Algérie, cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658–1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 38.
^Ostrogorsky (1969), p. 261.
^Picard, Christophe (2000).Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 109.ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
^Yorke.Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England, p. 123.
^Rucquoi, Adeline (1993).Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique. Paris: Seuil. p. 87.ISBN 2-02-012935-3.
^Gilbert Meynier (2010)L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 39.
^Angelov, Dimitar; Bozhilov, Ivan; Vaklinov, Stancho; Gyuzelev, Vasil; Kuev, Kuyu; Petrov, Petar; Primov, Borislav; Tapkova, Vasilka; Tsankova, Genoveva (1981).История на България. Том II. Първа българска държава [History of Bulgaria. Volume II. First Bulgarian State] (in Bulgarian). et al.Sofia:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 285.
^Zlatarski, Vasil (1972) [1927].История на българската държава през средните векове. Том I. История на Първото българско царство [History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages. Volume I. History of the First Bulgarian Empire.] (in Bulgarian) (2 ed.). Sofia: Наука и изкуство. p. 358.OCLC 67080314.
^Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013).Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt (in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. p. Konstantinos Duka (#23817).
^Runciman, Steven (1988) [1929].The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 50.ISBN 0-521-35722-5.
^Polemis, Demetrios I. (1968).The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography. London: The Athlone Press. p. 24.OCLC 299868377.
^Bóna, István (2000).The Hungarians and Europa in the 9th-10th centuries. Budapest: Historia - MTA Történettudományi Intézete, pp. 13–14.ISBN 963-8312-67-X.
^Bresc, Henri (2003)."La Sicile et l'espace libyen au Moyen Age"(PDF).Parte prima. Il regno normanno e il Mediterraneo.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved17 January 2012.
^Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983].The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
^Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983].The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 148–149.ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
^Ch Paquis, Louis DochezHistoire d'Espagne Béthune et Plon, 1844.
^John Haywood (1995).Historical Atlas of the Vikings, p. 74.ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
^Rucquoi, Adeline (1993).Histoire médiévale de la Péninsule ibérique. Paris: Seuil. p. 85.ISBN 2-02-012935-3.
^Picard, C. (2000) Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle). L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose; pp.54.
^Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. (1979). "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle".English Historical Documents, Volume 1, c. 500–1042 (2nd ed.). London, UK: Routledge. p. 212.ISBN 978-0-415-14366-0.
^Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ed. M. Swanton (Dent, London 1997),s.a. 911–918.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eHeinz HalmThe empire of the Mahdi, Partie 1, Volume 26 BRILL, 1996.ISBN 978-90-04-10056-5.
^Joel L. KraemerPhilosophy in the renaissance of Islam: Abū Sulaymān Al-Sijistānī and his circle Brill Archive, 1986.ISBN 978-90-04-07258-9.
^Rayfield, Donald (2000).The Literature of Georgia: A History, pp. 48–49.Routledge.ISBN 0-7007-1163-5.
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^Italian History: Timeline - Lombard Leagues Boardhistory-timeline?page=10.
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^Lynda Garland (April 1, 2002).Byzantine Empresses: Woman and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204. Routledge. p. 122.ISBN 9780203024812.
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^Walker, Ian W (2000).Mercia and the Making of England Sutton.ISBN 0-7509-2131-5.
^John Haywood (1995).Historical Atlas of the Vikings, p. 68.ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
^Gilbert Meynier (2010).L'Algérie cœur du maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; pp. 38.
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^Madelung, W. (2004)."al-Ḥādī Ila 'l-Ḥaḳḳ". InBearman, P. J.;Bianquis, Th.;Bosworth, C. E.;van Donzel, E. &Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume XII: Supplement. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 334–335.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8582.ISBN 978-90-04-13974-9.
^Carra de Vaux, B. &Hodgson, M. G. S. (1965)."al-D̲j̲annābī". InLewis, B.;Pellat, Ch. &Schacht, J. (eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 452.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1997.OCLC 495469475.
^Madelung, Wilferd (1983)."ABŪ SAʿĪD JANNĀBĪ".Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 4. pp. 380–381.
^al-Sāʿī, Ibn; Toorawa, Shawkat M.; Bray, Julia (2017).كتاب جهات الأئمة الخلفاء من الحرائر والإماء المسمى نساء الخلفاء: Women and the Court of Baghdad. Library of Arabic Literature. NYU Press. pp. 20, 22.ISBN 978-1-4798-6679-3.
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^Halm, Heinz (1991).Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 189.ISBN 3-406-35497-1.

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