| 75th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
74th ← → 76th | |
 United States Capitol (1956) | |
January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1939 | |
| Members | 96 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Democratic |
| Senate President | John N. Garner (D) |
| House majority | Democratic |
| House Speaker | William B. Bankhead (D) |
| Sessions | |
| 1st: January 5, 1937 – August 21, 1937 2nd: November 15, 1937 – December 21, 1937 3rd: January 3, 1938 – June 16, 1938 | |
The75th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives. It met inWashington, D.C., from January 3, 1937, to January 3, 1939, during the fifth and sixth years ofFranklin D. Roosevelt'spresidency.[a]
The apportionment of seats in theHouse of Representatives was based on the1930 United States census.
Both chambers had aDemocraticsupermajority, with the party increasing their majority in both the House and Senate, and with the reelection of President Roosevelt, maintained an overall federal governmenttrifecta.[1][2]
This is the most recent Congress to feature a 3/4th majority in the House or Senate by either party.
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) | Farmer– Labor (F) | Wisconsin Progressive (P) | Republican (R) | Independent (I) | |||
| End ofprevious congress | 72 | 1 | 1 | 22 | 0 | 96 | 0 |
| Begin | 76 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 96 | 0 |
| End | 74 | 18 | |||||
| Final voting share | 77.1% | 2.1% | 1.0% | 18.8% | 1.0% | ||
| Beginning ofnext congress | 69 | 2 | 1 | 23 | 1 | 96 | 0 |
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
80+% to 100% Democratic | 80+% to 100% Republican |
60+% to 80% Democratic | 60+% to 80% Republican |
Up to 60% Democratic | Up to 60% Republican |
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) | Farmer– Labor (FL) | Wisconsin Progressive (P) | Republican (R) | Other | |||
| End ofprevious congress | 308 | 3 | 7 | 100 | 0 | 418 | 17 |
| Begin | 333 | 5 | 7 | 89 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
| End | 323 | 90 | 426 | 9 | |||
| Final voting share | 75.8% | 1.2% | 1.6% | 21.1% | 0.2% | ||
| Beginning ofnext congress | 260 | 1 | 2 | 169 | 2 | 434 | 1 |
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below areSenate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1938; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1940; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1942.
The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.
| State (class) | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[b] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tennessee (2) | Nathan L. Bachman (D) | Died April 23, 1937. Successor appointed to continue the term. | George L. Berry (D) | May 6, 1937 |
| Arkansas (2) | Joseph T. Robinson (D) | Died July 14, 1937. Successorelected October 19, 1937. | John E. Miller (D) | November 15, 1937 |
| Alabama (3) | Hugo Black (D) | Resigned August 19, 1937, after being appointedAssociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Successor appointed to continue the term. | Dixie Bibb Graves (D) | August 20, 1937 |
| Alabama (3) | Dixie Bibb Graves (D) | Resigned January 10, 1938, after successor elected. | J. Lister Hill (D) | January 11, 1938 |
| New Jersey (1) | A. Harry Moore (D) | Resigned January 17, 1938, after being electedGovernor of New Jersey. Successor appointed to continue the term. | John G. Milton (D) | January 18, 1938 |
| Oregon (3) | Frederick Steiwer (R) | Resigned January 31, 1938, due to poor health. Successor appointed to continue the term. | Alfred E. Reames (D) | February 1, 1938 |
| New York (1) | Royal S. Copeland (D) | Died June 17, 1938. Successorelected November 8, 1938. | James M. Mead (D) | December 3, 1938 |
| California (3) | William G. McAdoo (D) | Resigned November 8, 1938, after losing nomination for upcoming term. Successor appointed to continue the term. | Thomas M. Storke (D) | November 9, 1938 |
| New Jersey (1) | John G. Milton (D) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected. Successorelected November 8, 1938. | William W. Barbour (R) | November 9, 1938 |
| Oregon (3) | Alfred E. Reames (D) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected. Successorelected November 8, 1938. | Alexander G. Barry (R) | November 9, 1938 |
| South Dakota (3) | Herbert E. Hitchcock (D) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term. Successorelected November 8, 1938. | Gladys Pyle (R) | November 9, 1938 |
| Tennessee (2) | George L. Berry (D) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term. Successorelected November 8, 1938. | Tom Stewart (D) | November 9, 1938. |
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[b] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virginia 3 | Andrew Jackson Montague (D) | Died January 24, 1937. | Dave E. Satterfield Jr. (D) | November 2, 1937 |
| Texas 10 | James P. Buchanan (D) | Died February 22, 1937. | Lyndon B. Johnson (D) | April 10, 1937 |
| California 10 | Henry E. Stubbs (D) | Died February 28, 1937. | Alfred J. Elliott (D) | May 4, 1937 |
| Pennsylvania 18 | Benjamin K. Focht (R) | Died March 27, 1937. | Richard M. Simpson (R) | May 11, 1937 |
| New York 27 | Philip A. Goodwin (R) | Died June 6, 1937. | Lewis K. Rockefeller (R) | November 2, 1937 |
| Massachusetts 7 | William P. Connery Jr. (D) | Died June 15, 1937. | Lawrence J. Connery (D) | September 28, 1937 |
| New York 17 | Theodore A. Peyser (D) | Died August 8, 1937. | Bruce F. Barton (R) | November 2, 1937 |
| Ohio 4 | Frank Le Blond Kloeb (D) | Resigned August 19, 1937, to become justice ofUnited States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. | Walter H. Albaugh (R) | November 8, 1938 |
| New York 25 | Charles D. Millard (R) | Resigned September 29, 1937, to become surrogate ofWestchester County, New York. | Ralph A. Gamble (R) | November 2, 1937 |
| Massachusetts 11 | John P. Higgins (D) | Resigned September 30, 1937, to become chief justice of theMassachusetts Superior Court. | Thomas A. Flaherty (D) | December 14, 1937 |
| Oklahoma 5 | Robert P. Hill (D) | Died October 29, 1937. | Gomer Griffith Smith (D) | December 10, 1937 |
| Arkansas 2 | John E. Miller (D) | Resigned November 14, 1937, to become U.S. senator. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
| Pennsylvania 33 | Henry Ellenbogen (D) | Resigned January 3, 1938, to become judge of Common Pleas ofAllegheny County, Pennsylvania. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
| Alabama 2 | J. Lister Hill (D) | Resigned January 11, 1938, to become U.S. senator. | George M. Grant (D) | June 14, 1938 |
| New Jersey 9 | Edward A. Kenney (D) | Died January 27, 1938. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
| California 17 | Charles J. Colden (D) | Died April 15, 1938. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
| Kentucky 8 | Fred M. Vinson (D) | Resigned May 27, 1938, to become associate justice of theUnited States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. | Joe B. Bates (D) | June 4, 1938 |
| New Hampshire 1 | Arthur B. Jenks (R) | Lost contested election June 9, 1938 | Alphonse Roy (D) | June 9, 1938 |
| South Carolina 6 | Allard H. Gasque (D) | Died June 17, 1938. | Elizabeth Hawley Gasque (D) | September 13, 1937 |
| New York 1 | Robert L. Bacon (R) | Died September 12, 1938. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
| Resident Commissioner of the Philippines | Quintin Paredes (NAC) | Resigned September 29, 1938. | Joaquín Miguel Elizalde (NAC) | September 29, 1938 |
| New York 15 | John J. Boylan (D) | Died October 5, 1938. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
| New York 16 | John J. O'Connor (D) | Changed party affiliation October 24, 1938. | John J. O'Connor (R) | October 24, 1938 |
| Iowa 1 | Edward C. Eicher (D) | Resigned December 2, 1938, to become commissioner to theSecurities and Exchange Commission. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
| New York 42 | James M. Mead (D) | Resigned December 2, 1938, after being elected to the U.S. Senate. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
| Maryland 5 | Stephen W. Gambrill (D) | Died December 19, 1938. | Vacant until the next Congress | |
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
