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731

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the year 731. For other uses, see731 (disambiguation).

Calendar year

731 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar	731 DCCXXXI
Ab urbe condita	1484
Armenian calendar	180 ԹՎ ՃՁ
Assyrian calendar	5481
Balinese saka calendar	652–653
Bengali calendar	137–138
Berber calendar	1681
Buddhist calendar	1275
Burmese calendar	93
Byzantine calendar	6239–6240
Chinese calendar	庚午年 (Metal Horse) 3428 or 3221 — to — 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 3429 or 3222
Coptic calendar	447–448
Discordian calendar	1897
Ethiopian calendar	723–724
Hebrew calendar	4491–4492
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	787–788
-Shaka Samvat	652–653
-Kali Yuga	3831–3832
Holocene calendar	10731
Iranian calendar	109–110
Islamic calendar	112–113
Japanese calendar	Tenpyō 3 (天平３年)
Javanese calendar	624–625
Julian calendar	731 DCCXXXI
Korean calendar	3064
Minguo calendar	1181 beforeROC 民前1181年
Nanakshahi calendar	−737
Seleucid era	1042/1043AG
Thai solar calendar	1273–1274
Tibetan calendar	ལྕགས་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Iron-Horse) 857 or 476 or −296 — to — ལྕགས་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Iron-Sheep) 858 or 477 or −295

Pope Gregory III (731–741)

Year731 (DCCXXXI) was acommon year starting on Monday of theJulian calendar. The denomination 731 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Europe

Umayyad conquest of Gaul:Munuza, Moorish governor ofCerdagne (easternPyrenees), rebels againstUmayyad authority. He is defeated and executed by Muslim forces underAbdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi atUrgell (Catalonia). Muslimgarrisons inSeptimania raid the citiesMillau andArles.^[1]
Ragenfrid, ex-mayor of the palace ofNeustria, meets DukeEudes of Aquitaine, to accept his rule and independence from theFrankish Kingdom. Fearing analliance against him,Charles Martel exiles Ragenfrid's supporter Wandon ofFontenelle, and imprisons bishop Aimar ofAuxerre.^[2]
Charles Martel leads two raids across theLoire River into theBerry region. TheFranks seize and plunderBourges (centralFrance), but the city is immediately recaptured by Eudes of Aquitaine.

Britain

Autumn – KingCeolwulf of Northumbria is deposed by opponents, and forced to enter amonastery. His supporters subsequently restore him to thethrone (or732).
KingÆthelbald of Mercia overruns a large portion ofSomerset, and wrests the county fromWessex control (approximate date).

Asia

Battle of the Defile: An Umayyad relief army (28,000 men) is sent toSamarkand (modernUzbekistan), which is besieged by theTurgesh.^[3] TheMuslims are ambushed near theZarafshan Range, at the Tashtakaracha Pass.^[4]^[5] The battle results in aPyrrhic victory, with heavy casualties for the Umayyad army, halting Muslim expansion inCentral Asia for almost two decades.

By topic

Literature

Bede, Anglo-Saxonmonk andhistorian, completes hisHistoria ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum at the monastery ofSaint Peter atMonkwearmouth.

Religion

February 11 –Pope Gregory II dies atRome after a 16-year reign, in which he has foughtIconoclasm. He is succeeded by theSyrian-born clericGregory III, as the 90thpope of theCatholic Church.^[6]
Sack of Luxeuil, traditionally
November 1 –Synod of Rome: Gregory III summons a council at the shrine ofSaint Peter. All western bishops participate, including the Roman nobility. Gregory condemns Iconoclasm as aheresy.^[7]

Births

Abd al-Rahman I, Muslimemir ofCórdoba (d.788)
Ōtomo no Otomaro, Japanese general andShōgun (d.809)
Telets, ruler (khagan) of theBulgarian Empire (approximate date)

Deaths

February 9 –Zhang Yue, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b.667)
February 11 –Gregory II, pope of theCatholic Church (b.669)
August 31 –Ōtomo no Tabito, Japanesepoet (b.665)
December 22 –Yuan Qianyao, official of theChinese Tang dynasty
date unknown
- Barjik, prince of theKhazar Khaganate
- Berhtwald, archbishop ofCanterbury
- Munuza, Moorish governor ofCerdagne
- Ragenfrid, mayor of the palace ofNeustria
- Yuwen Rong, chancellor of theTang dynasty (or730)

References

^David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 41).ISBN 978-184603-230-1
^David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 19).ISBN 978-184603-230-1
^Blankinship (1994), pp. 156, 157
^Kennedy (2001), p. 29
^Kennedy (2007), p. 285
^Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913)."Pope St. Gregory III" .Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Treadgold, p. 354

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731

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