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680s

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Decade

Millennium
1st millennium
Centuries
6th century 7th century 8th century
Decades
660s 670s 680s 690s 700s
Years
680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689
Categories
Births Deaths Establishments Disestablishments
v t e

The680s decade ran from January 1, 680, to December 31, 689.

Events

Byzantine–Bulgarian War: TheBulgars underAsparukh subjugate the country of current-dayBulgaria, north of theBalkan Mountains. EmperorConstantine IV leads a combined land and sea operation against the invaders andbesieges their fortified camp inDobruja.^[1]
Battle of Ongal: TheByzantine army (25,000 men) underConstantine IV is defeated by the Bulgars and theirSlavic allies in theDanube Delta. Bulgar cavalry force the Byzantines into a rout, while Constantine (suffering from leg pain) travels toNesebar to seek treatment.

Europe

[edit]

KingWamba is deposed after an 8-year reign, and forced to retire to amonastery. He is succeeded byErwig who becomes ruler of theVisigothic Kingdom.
KingPerctarit makes his sonCunipert co-ruler of theLombard Kingdom. He signs a formalpeace treaty withConstantine IV.
Pippin of Herstal becomesMayor of the Palace ofAustrasia.
The emporium (market town) ofDorestad is founded near the mouth of the Rhine, and soon becomes a major trading settlement in the North Sea region (approximate date).^[2]

Britain

[edit]

KingCædwalla of Wessex becomes overly ambitious in a power-struggle with his rival, KingCentwine, forWessex overlordship. He is banished into the forests of Chiltern andAndred.^[3]

Arabian Empire

[edit]

Yazid I, son of Muawiyah I, becomes the sixthcaliph (second Umayyad caliph) butKufans inMesopotamia rebel and inviteHussein ibn Ali (grandson ofMuhammad) to take the throne.
October 10 –Battle of Karbala: Forces under Yazid I kill Hussein ibn Ali and his closest supporters.^[4] This event leads to the civil war known as theSecond Fitna.

Asia

[edit]

InJapan, PrincessUno Sarara is unwell, and EmperorTenmu begins the erection of the Temple ofYakushi-ji (Nara Prefecture). He makes 100 people enter religion aspriests, wishing her to recover her health.

By topic

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Religion

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September 17 –Theodore of Tarsus,archbishop of Canterbury, convenes asynod atHatfield that clears theEnglish Church from any association with theheresy ofmonothelitism.^[5]
November 7 – TheThird Council of Constantinople (Sixth Ecumenical Council) opens inConstantinople to settle the theological controversies ofmonoenergism and monothelitism, endingSeptember 16,681.
Wilfrid returns toNorthumbria, withpapal support, but is imprisoned by KingEcgfrith, and againexiled. He travels to theKingdom of Sussex and begins toevangelise the people.
KingMerewalh ofMagonsæte founds the monastery ofWenlock Priory inShropshire, England, appointing his daughterMilburga asBenedictine abbess.
Approximate date
- Boniface begins his education at an English CelticChristian monastery, probably inExeter near his birthplace and one of manymonasteriola built by local landowners and churchmen.^[6]
- TheBook of Durrow is created, probably in Northumbria or on the island ofIona in the ScottishInner Hebrides.

681

This section istranscluded fromAD 681.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Byzantine Empire

[edit]

Byzantine–Bulgarian War: EmperorConstantine IV is forced to acknowledge theBulgar state inMoesia, and to pay protection money to avoid further inroads into ByzantineThrace.^[7] Consequently, Constantine creates theTheme of Thrace of theByzantine Empire (located in the south-easternBalkans).^[8]
Autumn – A military revolt breaks out in theAnatolic Theme (modernTurkey). TheByzantine army marches toChrysopolis, and sends a delegation across the straits of theHellespont toConstantinople, demanding that the two brothers should remain co-emperors alongside Constantine IV.^[9]
September/November – Constantine IV has his brothersHeraclius andTiberius mutilated, so they will be unable to rule. He orders that their images no longer appear on anycoinage, and that their names be removed from official documentation.^[10]
Constantine IV agrees to acompromise, and persuades the army to return to theirbarracks inAnatolia. He invites the leaders of the rebellion to come to Constantinople and consult theSenate as to how to implement the terms. On their arrival, he arrests the leaders and has themhung atSycae.^[11]

Europe

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January 9 –Twelfth Council of Toledo: KingErwig of theVisigoths initiates a council, in which he implements diverse measures against theJews. Laws against violence toslaves are suppressed.

Britain

[edit]

KingÆthelwalh of Sussex givesWilfrid, exiledbishop ofYork, lands inSelsey to found acathedral, namedSelsey Abbey.
KingEcgfrith of Northumbria requests that themonks ofMonkwearmouth found a newmonastery atJarrow (or682).

Arabian Empire

[edit]

AMuslim Arab army led byUqba ibn Nafi reachesMorocco, before being forced back intoCyrene by theBerbers.^[12]
Armenians,Albanians, andIberians rise in rebellion against theUmayyad Caliphate (approximate date).

Asia

[edit]

InJapan theAsuka Kiyomihara Code is commenced underEmperor Tenmu.
Kutluk Khan revolts and establishes theSecond Turkic Khaganate.
Kusakabe, second son of Tenmu, is madecrown prince.
Sinmun becomes king of the Korean kingdom ofSilla.^[13]

By topic

[edit]

Religion

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January 10 –Pope Agatho dies atRome ofplague after a 2½-year reign, in which he has persuaded Constantine IV to abolish thetax heretofore levied at the consecration of a newly electedpope.
September 16 – TheSixth Ecumenical Council (see680) ends atConstantinople. The council reaffirms theOrthodox doctrines of theCouncil of Chalcedon in451, and condemnsmonothelitism.^[14]

682

This section istranscluded fromAD 682.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Europe

[edit]

KingErwig of theVisigoths continues oppression of the Jews in Spain. He makes it illegal to practice any Jewish rites (brit milah), and presses for the conversion oremigration of the remaining Jews.
Gistemar becomesmayor of the palace inNeustria andBurgundy, after he deposes his fatherWaratto. He reverses the peace treaty withAustrasia, signed withPepin of Herstal atNamur.
KingEcgfrith requestsBenedict Biscop to build a secondmonastery atJarrow (Northumbria). Benedict leavesMonkwearmouth with 20monks, (including his protégé, the youngBede).
TheWest Saxons, led by KingCentwine, drive theBritons ofDumnonia (West Country) to the sea (possibly aroundBideford).
The wandering ex-Wessex sub-king,Cædwalla, seeksSt. Wilfrid as his spiritual father, but does not convert toChristianity.
Bridei III, King of thePicts, campaigns violently againstOrkney.^[15]

Africa

[edit]

At about this time, MuslimUmayyad Caliphate forces led byUqba ibn Nafi overrun the south coast of theMediterranean Sea. He occupies the cities ofTripoli andCarthage, the lastByzantine bases in Africa. In 682 or 683 the Umayyads are ambushed at theBattle of Vescera nearBiskra (modernAlgeria) byRomano-Berbers of KingCaecilius and theirByzantine allies from theExarchate of Carthage. Uqba ibn Nafi is killed and his army evacuates the city ofKairouan inTunisia and withdraws toBarca.^[16]

Asia

[edit]

Due to a culmination of major droughts, floods,locust plagues and epidemics, a widespread famine breaks out in the dual Chinese capital cities ofChang'an (primary capital) andLuoyang (secondary capital). The scarcity of food drives the price of grain to unprecedented heights, ending a once prosperous era under emperorsTaizong andGaozong on a sad note.
Emperor Tenmu issues a decree forbidding the Japanese-style cap of ranks and garments, and changing them into Chinese ones. He also makes a decree forbidding men to wear leggings and women to let down their hair on their backs. It is from this time, that the practice begins of women riding on horseback like men. He issues an edict prescribing the character of ceremonies and language to be used on occasions ofceremony. Ceremonial kneeling and crawling are both abolished, and the ceremonial custom of standing at theTang court is practiced.

Mesoamerica

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Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I starts to rule inTikal (modernGuatemala) during theLate Classic period.
Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil begins a program to inscribe monuments recording his travails and ultimate victory, during theSecond Tikal–Calakmul War.

By topic

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Astronomy

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January 3 – Venusoccults Jupiter.

Literature

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The first entry is made in the Welsh chronicleBrut y Tywysogion.

Religion

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August 17 –Pope Leo II succeedsAgatho as the 80thpope, after a period ofsede vacante ("vacant seat") of a year and 7 months.

683

This section istranscluded fromAD 683.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Britain

[edit]

KingSighere of Essex dies after a 19-year joint reign. His brotherSæbbi becomes the sole ruler ofEssex until his death in694.^[17]

Arabian Empire

[edit]

Second Fitna:
- August 26 – TheBattle of al-Harra is fought between forces of theUmayyad Caliphate and the rebel defenders ofMedina at a lava field northeast of the city.
- September–November –Siege of Mecca: The Umayyad army led byHusayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni besiegesMecca, during which theKaaba ("Sacred House") catches fire and is burned down.
- November 14 – CaliphYazid I dies atDamascus, after a 3-year reign marked bycivil war. He is succeeded by his sonMuawiya II as ruler of the Umayyad Caliphate.

Asia

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December 27 – EmperorGaozong dies atLuoyang, age 55, after a 34-year reign in which he expanded theChinese Empire by acquiringKorea as avassal state.
EmperorTenmu decrees areform inJapan; copper coins must be used instead ofsilver coins. Three days later he issues a decree to allow the continued use of silver.
PrinceŌtsu, son of Tenmu, starts to attend to matters of State at about this time.
Srivijaya is founded bySri Jayanasa inSumatra

Mesoamerica

[edit]

K'inich Janaab' Pakal ("Pacal the Great"), ruler (ajaw) of theMaya state ofPalenque (Mexico), dies after a 68-year reign. He is buried in theTemple of the Inscriptions. He is thelongest-reigning monarch in the world untilLouis XIV breaks that record in 1711, almost 1028 years later and remains the longest-reigning monarch in the Americas untilElizabeth II breaks that record in 2020, almost 1337 years later

By topic

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Art

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Approximate date – The sarcophagus lid in the tomb ofK'inich Janaab' Pakal (Shield 2),Temple of the Inscriptions,Palenque,Mexico (Maya culture) is made.

Religion

[edit]

June 28 –Pope Leo II dies atRome 10 months after beingconsecrated.
Approximate date –Seaxwulf,bishop of Mercia, foundsAll Saints' Church atBrixworth in England.

684

This section istranscluded fromAD 684.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Europe

[edit]

Ghislemar, mayor of the palace inNeustria andBurgundy, dies after a 2-year reign, and is succeeded by his fatherWaratto. He makes peace between the threeFrankish kingdoms.

Britain

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KingEcgfrith of Northumbria sends apunitive expedition to Ireland under hisealdorman Berht, laying waste to the territory ofMeath, ruled by High KingFínsnechta Fledach.^[18]

Arabian Empire

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CaliphMu'awiya II dies atDamascus, after a brief reign that endsSufyanid rule. A newcaliph is proclaimed inSyria amidsttribal wars, butMarwan I will reign until next year.
August 18 –Battle of Marj Rahit: Muslimpartisans under Marwan I defeat the supporters ofAbd Allah ibn al-Zubayr near Damascus, and cementUmayyad control of Syria.

Asia

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January 3 –Zhong Zong succeeds his fatherGao Zong, and becomes emperor of theTang dynasty. His motherWu Zetian remains thepower behind the throne in China.
February 27 – Wu Zetian replaces Zhong Zong in favor of his younger brotherRui Zong. He becomes apuppet ruler, and Zhong Zong is placed underhouse arrest.
Summer – ThePallava Empire (modern India) invades the kingdom ofCeylon. A Pallavan naval expedition employingTamil mercenaries ends theMoriya dynasty.

=Japan=

September 7 – A largecomet is observed in Japan (it's Japan's oldest observation record ofHalley's Comet).
November 13 – EmperorTenmu institutes eight titles of eight classes (Yakusa-no-kabane) in Japan.
November 26 –684 Hakuho earthquake. A greatearthquake strikes Japan. The people, houses,temples,shrines and domestic animals are greatly damaged.

Mesoamerica

[edit]

February 10 –Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II accedes to the rulership of theMaya polity ofPalenque (modern Mexico).

By topic

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Religion

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Cuthbert is electedBishop of Hexham, and receives a visit from a large group under Ecgfrith. He agrees to return toLindisfarne (Northumbria) to take up duties.
June 26 –Pope Benedict II succeedsLeo II as the 81stpope of Rome, after a period ofsede vacante ("vacant seat") of 1 year.

685

This section istranscluded fromAD 685.(edit |history)

By place

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Byzantine Empire

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July 10 – EmperorConstantine IV dies ofdysentery atConstantinople after a 17-year reign, and is succeeded by his 16-year-old sonJustinian II.^[19]

Europe

[edit]

Kuber, brother ofAsparukh of Bulgaria, defeats theAvars inSyrmia (Pannonia). He leads his followers of around 70,000 people toMacedonia (modernNorth Macedonia).

Britain

[edit]

May 20 –Battle of Dun Nechtain: ThePicts under KingBridei III revolt against their Northumbrian overlords.Cuthbert, bishop ofLindisfarne, advises KingEcgfrith of Northumbria (Bridei's cousin) not to invade Pictland (modernScotland). Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy nearDunnichen. The Picts, possibly withScottish andStrathclyde Briton help, defeat theSaxon guard, killing Ecgfrith, who has reigned for 15 years, routing his army and forcing theAnglo-Saxons to withdraw south of theRiver Forth.
KingCentwine of Wessex dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin,Cædwalla, who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms ofWessex. He attacksSussex with a large army, and kills KingÆthelwealh in battle, in theSouth Downs (Hampshire).^[20] He is expelled by Æthelwealh'sealdormen,Berthun andAndhun, who jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invadesKent, lays it waste, and carries off an immensebooty.^[21]
Aldfrith, illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes (possibly withIrish and Scottish help) king ofNorthumbria. He is brought fromIona (Inner Hebrides), where he is studying for a career in thechurch.
KingEadric revolts against his uncleHlothhere, and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in686.

Arabian Empire

[edit]

Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda: AnUmayyad army (20,000 men) underHusayn ibn Numayr defeats the pro-Alid Kufans atRas al-'Ayn (Syria).
May 7 – CaliphMarwan I dies atDamascus, and is succeeded by his sonAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan.

Mukhtar controlled much of Iraq from October 685 until the end of 686.
  Region controlled by Abd al-Malik
  Region under the control of Mukhtar
  Regions under the control/influence of Ibn al-Zubayr
  Kharijite controlled areas

China

[edit]

EmpressWu Zetian sends a pair ofgiant pandas to theJapanese court ofEmperor Tenmu, as adiplomatic gift (approximate date).
Wu Zetianexiles her sonZhong Zong, former emperor of theTang dynasty, and his family to the island of Fang Zhou.^[22]

By topic

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Religion

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May 8 –Pope Benedict II dies atRome after a reign of less than 11 months. He is succeeded byJohn V as the 82ndpope.
John Maron is elected as the firstpatriarch in theMaronite Church (approximate date).

686

This section istranscluded fromAD 686.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Europe

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Waratton, mayor of the palace ofNeustria andBurgundy, dies and is succeeded by his son-in-lawBerchar. He advises KingTheuderic III to break thepeace treaty withPepin of Herstal, and declares war onAustrasia.

Britain

[edit]

KingCædwalla of Wessex establishes overlordship ofEssex, and invadesKent for a second time. KingEadric is expelled, and Cædwalla's brotherMul is installed in his place. The sub-kingsBerthun andAndhun are killed, andSussex is subjugated by theWest Saxons.
Cædwalla conquersSurrey, and tries to exterminate theJutes of theIsle of Wight. He executes KingArwald and his two brothers. Cædwalla probably also overruns theMeonware, a Jutish people who live in theMeon Valley (Hampshire).

Arabian Empire

[edit]

August 6 –Battle of Khazir inMosul:Alid forces ofMukhtar al-Thaqafi defeat those of theUmayyad Caliphate.
Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, former governor ofMesopotamia, tries to regain control of his province, as the variousMuslim tribes in the regionKufa (Iraq) are engaged in an Islamiccivil war.
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan imprisons andtortures patriarchMar Khnanishu I. He is the firstcaliph to insist on the collection of thepoll tax from theChristians (approximate date).

Asia

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October 1 –Emperor Tenmu ofJapan dies after a 13-year reign, and is succeeded by his widow (and niece),Empress Jitō. She will reign until697.
October 25 – PrinceŌtsu, son of Tenmu, is falsely accused oftreason by Jito and forced to commitsuicide, along with his wifeYamanobe.

By topic

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Religion

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August 2 –Pope John V dies atRome after a 12-month reign, in which he has made handsomedonations to thepoor. He is succeeded byConon I as the 83rdpope of theCatholic Church.
Plague kills almost all theBenedictine monks in themonastery ofMonkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey (Northumbria), aside from the abbotCeolfrith and one small boy – future scholarBede.^[23]^[24]
Wilfrid, bishop ofYork, becomes an advisor of Cædwalla, and is sent to the Isle of Wight toevangelise the inhabitants.^[25]

687

This section istranscluded fromAD 687.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Byzantine Empire

[edit]

EmperorJustinian II negotiates apeace treaty with theUmayyad Caliphate (resulting in caliphAbd al-Malik payingtribute). He removes 12,000 ChristianMaronites, who continually resist theArabs, fromLebanon.^[26] Justinian reinforces theByzantine navy onCyprus, and transferscavalry troops from theThracesian Theme inAnatolia to theTheme of Thrace in theBalkan Peninsula.

Europe

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Battle of Tertry: KingTheuderic III ofNeustria is defeated byPepin of Herstal, mayor of the palace ofAustrasia, nearPéronne (modern France), at theRiver Somme. Theuderic withdraws to Paris and is forced to sign apeace treaty. Pepin becomes"de facto" ruler of theFrankish Kingdom, and begins calling himselfDuke of the Franks. He establishes a base for the future rise of thePippinids and theCarolingians. Pepin appointsNordebert asDuke of Burgundy, and puts him in charge of Neustria andBurgundy (as a sort ofregent).
KingErwig dies after a 7-year reign, and is succeeded by his son-in-lawErgica as ruler of theVisigothic Kingdom.

Britain

[edit]

KingMul of Kent and 12 companions areburnt to death, during aKentish uprising. His brother, KingCædwalla of Wessex, ravages the kingdom in revenge.
Adomnán, Irishabbot ofIona, visits the court of KingEcgfrith, to ransom Irish captives (60Gaels who had been captured in aNorthumbrian raid).

By topic

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Religion

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Cuthbert, bishop ofLindisfarne, resigns his office and retires to hishermitage onInner Farne (Northumberland) where he dies, after a painful illness.^[27]
September 21 –Pope Conon I dies atRome after a 1-year reign, and is succeeded bySergius I as the 84thpope of theCatholic Church.
Construction of theDome of the Rock, located on theTemple Mount, is started inJerusalem (approximate date).

688

This section istranscluded fromAD 688.(edit |history)

By place

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Byzantine Empire

[edit]

Byzantine–Bulgarian War: EmperorJustinian II carries out aBalkan campaign and marches throughThrace, where he restoresByzantine rule. He establishes atheme administration, andmigrates manyBulgars andSlavs to theOpsician Theme (Asia Minor).^[28]
Justinian II reestablishes Byzantine settlement onCyprus, signing a treaty withUmayyad caliphAbd al-Malik (and paying an annualtribute) for joint occupation of the island.

Europe

[edit]

KingPerctarit of theLombards is assassinated by aconspiracy, after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his sonCunipert, who is crowned ruler of theLombard Kingdom inItaly.
Alahis, duke ofBrescia, starts acivil war inNorthern Italy. Hebesieges Cunipert on an island inLake Como (Lombardy), who breaks out withPiedmontese troops.

Britain

[edit]

KingCaedwalla of Wessex abdicates thethrone and departs on apilgrimage toRome, possibly because of the wounds he suffered while fighting on theIsle of Wight.^[29] Thepower vacuum is filled byIne, son of his second cousin, sub-kingCoenred of Dorset.
KingÆthelred of Mercia establishesMercian dominance over most ofSouthern England. He installsOswine, minor member of the Kentish royal family (second cousin of kingEadric), as king ofKent. PrinceSwæfheard ofEssex is givenWest Kent.

By topic

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Religion

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Eadberht is appointedbishop ofLindisfarne (Northumbria). He founds the holyshrine to his predecessorCuthbert, a place that becomes a centre of great pilgrimage in later years.

689

This section istranscluded fromAD 689.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Byzantine Empire

[edit]

Byzantine–Bulgarian War: EmperorJustinian II defeats theBulgars ofMacedonia and recapturesThessalonica, the second most importantByzantine city inEurope.^[30] He resettles the subduedSlavs inAnatolia (modernTurkey), where they are required to provide 30,000 men to theByzantine army.

Europe

[edit]

Battle of Coronate: TheLombards under KingCunipert defeat the army of DukeAlahis, at theRiver Adda (Lombardy). He executes the rebel leaders; Alahis is captured and his head and legs are cut off.^[31] The southern Lombardduchies take advantage of Cunipert's distraction, and extend their territories.
Battle of Dorestad: TheFrisians under KingRadbod are defeated by theFrankish mayor of the palace,Pippin of Herstal.^[32] TheRhine delta andDorestad (modernNetherlands) become Frankish again, as well as the castles ofUtrecht andFechten (approximate date).

Asia

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TheAsuka Kiyomihara Code, a collection of governing rules commenced in681 underEmperor Tenmu, is promulgated inJapan.

By topic

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Religion

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Cædwalla of Wessex arrives inRome and isbaptised by popeSergius I, taking the namePeter. He dies 10 days later and is buried atSt. Peter's Basilica.
PrinceOswald, brother of KingOsric ofHwicce, foundsPershore Abbey inWorcestershire (approximate date).

Significant people

[edit]

Births

Transcluding articles:680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688, and689

680

Ali Asghar ibn Husayn, Son of 3rdshia Imam. Killed inKarbala (d.680)
Fujiwara no Muchimaro, Japanese politician (d.737)
Genshō, empress ofJapan (d.748)
Oda of Scotland, Christiansaint (approximate date)
Wu Daozi, Chinesepainter (d.760)

681

Fujiwara no Fusasaki, Japanesecounselor (d.737)
Pei Yaoqing,chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d.743)

682

July 20 –Taichō, JapaneseBuddhist monk (d.767)
November 2 –Umar II, Muslimcaliph (d.720)
Li Chongrun, prince of theTang dynasty (d.701)

683

Bilge Khan, ruler (khagan) of theTurkic Khaganate (or684)
Genshō, empress regnant ofJapan (d.748)
Monmu, emperor of Japan (d.707)
Yi Xing, Chineseastronomer andmechanical engineer (d.727)

684

Gao Lishi, official andeunuch of theTang dynasty (d.762)
Li Guo'er, princess of the Tang dynasty (approximate date)
Nagaya, Japanese prince and politician (d.729)
Tachibana no Moroe, Japanese prince and minister (d.757)

685

September 8 –Xuan Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d.762)
Kul Tigin, general and prince of theSecond Turkic Khaganate (d.731)
Leo III, emperor of theByzantine Empire (d.741)
Li Xianhui, princess of theTang dynasty (d.701)
Miao Jinqing,chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d.765)
Pelagius, king ofAsturias (approximate date)
Theodbert, duke ofBavaria (approximate date)

687

Eucherius, Frankishbishop (d.743)
Wei Jiansu,chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d.763)
Wittiza, king of theVisigoths (approximate date)
Yazid II, Muslimcaliph (d.724)

688

Charles Martel, Frankish statesman and founder of theCarolingian dynasty (d.741)
Jianzhen, ChineseBuddhist monk (d.763)
Wang Zhihuan, Chinesepoet (d.742)

689

Othmar, Swissabbot (approximate date)
Rōben, JapaneseBuddhist monk (d.773)

Deaths

Transcluding articles:680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688, and689

680

January 1 –Javanshir, king ofCaucasian Albania (b.616)
January 30 –Balthild, queen of theFranks
October 9 –Ghislain, Frankishanchorite and saint
October 10
- Abbas ibn Ali, son ofImam Ali
- Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn, son ofAl-Husayn
- Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn, son ofAl-Husayn
- Habib ibn Madhahir
- Husayn ibn Ali, third ShiaImam and grandson ofMuhammad (b.626)K
Agatho, pope of theCoptic Orthodox Church
Bhāskara I, Indianmathematician (approximate date)
Cædmon, Northumbrianpoet
Ebroin,Mayor of the Palace ofNeustria (or681)
Hilda of Whitby, Northumbrian abbess and saint
Muawiyah I, founder of theUmayyad Caliphate (b.602)
Umm Salama, wife of Muhammad
Vikramaditya I, king ofChalukya (India)
Wulfoald, Mayor of the Palace ofAustrasia

681

January 10 –Pope Agatho
Ebroin,Mayor of the Palace ofNeustria (or680)
Hao Chujun, general of the Tang dynasty (b.607)
Jayavarman I, king ofChenla (Cambodia)
Munmu, king ofSilla (Korea)^[13]
Queen Jaui, Korean queen consort
Queen Munmyeong, Korean queen consort

682

Barbatus, bishop ofBenevento
Bilal ibn al-Harith, companion ofMuhammad (approximate date)
Zaynab bint Ali, sister ofHusayn ibn Ali (b.626)
Bojang, king ofGoguryeo (Korea)
Buyeo Yung, prince ofBaekje (in exile inLuoyang)
Cadwaladr, king ofGwynedd (Wales)
Cenn Fáelad mac Colgan, king ofConnacht (Ireland)
Li Jingxuan,chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b.615)
Maslama ibn Mukhallad, companion of Muhammad
Sun Simiao, Chinesemedicine doctor
Lady Kʼawiil Ajaw, queen regnant of the Maya city-state of Cobá (b.617)

683

June 28 –Leo II, pope of theCatholic Church (b.611)
November 11 –Yazid I, Muslimcaliph (b.647)
December 27 –Gao Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (b.628)
Æbbe, Anglo-Saxon princess andabbess
Anseung, king ofGoguryeo (Korea)
Cui Zhiwen, official of theTang dynasty (b.627)
Dúnchad Muirisci, king ofConnacht (Ireland)
K'inich Janaab' Pakal ("Pacal the Great"), ruler (ajaw) ofPalenque (b.603)
Sighere, king ofEssex
Waningus, Frankishabbot (approximate date)
Xue Rengui, general of the Tang dynasty (b.614)
Xue Yuanchao, official of the Tang dynasty (b. 622)

684

Adarnase II, king ofIberia (approximate date)
Aldegund, FrankishBenedictine abbess
Constantine of Mananali, founder of thePaulicians
Ghislemar, mayor of the palace inNeustria andBurgundy
Li Xian, prince of the Tang dynasty (b.653)
Luo Binwang, Chinesepoet and official
Mu'awiya II, Muslimcaliph (b.661)
Pei Yan,chancellor of the Tang dynasty
Philibert of Jumièges, Frankishabbot
Severus II bar Masqeh, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.^[33]

685

February 6 –Hlothhere, king ofKent^[34]
May 8 –Benedict II, pope of theCatholic Church (b.635)^[35]
May 20 –Ecgfrith, king ofNorthumbria
Æthelwealh, king ofSussex
Anania Shirakatsi, Armenianastronomer (b.610)
Beornhæth, Anglo-Saxon nobleman
Centwine, king ofWessex (approximate date)
Constantine IV, Byzantine emperor (b.652)
Liu Rengui, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b.602)

686

August 2 –John V, pope ofRome (b.635)
October 1 –Tenmu, emperor ofJapan
October 25 –Ōtsu, Japanese prince (b.663)
Andhun, king ofSussex
Arwald, king of theIsle of Wight
Audoin, bishop ofRouen (b.609)
Berthun, king of Sussex
Eadric, king ofKent (approximate date)
Eanflæd, queen ofNorthumbria (approximate date)
Eata of Hexham, bishop ofLindisfarne
Husayn ibn Numayr, Muslim general
Landelin, Frankishabbot and saint
Waratton, mayor of the palace ofNeustria
Wonhyo, KoreanBuddhist monk (b.617)
Yamanobe, Japanese princess

687

March 20 –Cuthbert, Anglo-Saxon bishop
September 21 –Pope Conon I
Abd Allah ibn Abbas, cousin ofMuhammad
Erwig, king of the Visigoths
Mul, king ofKent (England)
Romuald I
Wamba, king of the Visigoths

688

May 24 –Ségéne, bishop of Armagh (b. c.610)
Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali, Muslimscholar (or689)
Máel Dúin mac Conaill, king ofDál Riata (Scotland)
Perctarit, king of theLombards
Rictrude, Frankishabbess

689

April 20 –Cædwalla, king ofWessex
July 8 –Kilian, Irishbishop (approximate date)
May 10 –Kusakabe, Japanese prince (b.662)
September 10 –Guo Zhengyi, official of theChinese Tang dynasty
Alahis, king (usurper) of theLombards
Colman, Irishmissionary (approximate date)
Grimoald II, duke ofBenevento (Italy)
John III,Coptic Orthodox pope of Alexandria
Liu Jingxian, official of theTang dynasty
Totnan, IrishFranconian apostle

References

[edit]

^Bury 1889, pp. 333–334.
^Hodges 1984.
^Kirby 1992, p. 119.
^Gordon 2005, pp. 144–146.
^Collier & Barham 1840, p. 250.
^Schieffer 1972, pp. 76–77, 103–105.
^Norwich 1990, p. 326.
^Kazhdan 1991, p. 501.
^Bury 1889, p. 308.
^Bellinger & Grierson 1968, p. 513.
^Bury 1889, p. 309.
^Tucker 2010, p. 205.
^^a ^b"List of Rulers of Korea".www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved25 April 2019.
^Canduci, p. 198.^{[full citation needed]}
^Annals of Ulster.^{[full citation needed]}
^McKenna, Amy (2011).The History of Northern Africa. Britannica Educational Publishing.ISBN 978-1615303182.
^Chaney, William A. (1970).The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 168.
^Bede,Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum.^{[full citation needed]}
^Kazhdan 1991, p. 1084.
^Alec Hamilton-Barr. In Saxon Sussex. The Arundel Press, Bognor Regis, p. 21
^A Chronicle of England (B.C. 55–A.D. 1485), by James. E. Doyle (1864). "The Saxons", p. 37
^The Events of the Tang Dynasty: "Time line of the Tang Dynasty" (Tang Zhong Zong 684–685 A.D)
^Blair 1990, p. 178.
^Plummer,Bedae Opera Historica, Vol. 1, p. 12
^John 1996, pp. 34–35.
^Bury 1889, p. 321.
^Farmer, David Hugh (1997).The Oxford Dictionary of Saints. Oxford University Press. p. 120.ISBN 0-19-280058-2.
^Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983].The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 71.ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
^Yorke, Barbara (1990), "Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England", London: Seaby,ISBN 1-85264-027-8
^Ostrogorsky 1956, pp. 116–122.
^Hodgkin, Thomas (1895). "Italy and her Invaders", volume 6. Oxford
^Blok 1968, pp. 32–34.
^Van Rompay, Lucas (2011)."Severos bar Mashqo". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts;George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.).Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Retrieved11 July 2020.
^Cheney, Christopher Robert; Jones, Michael (6 April 2000).A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History. Cambridge University Press. p. 23.ISBN 978-0-521-77845-9.
^"Saint Benedict II | pope".Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved15 October 2021.

Sources

[edit]

Bellinger, Alfred Raymond;Grierson, Philip (1968).Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Dumbarton Oaks.OCLC 847177622.
Blair, Peter Hunter (1990).The World of Bede (Reprint of 1970 ed.). Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-39819-0.
Blok, Dirk Peter (1968).De Franken, hun optreden in het licht der historie [The Franks: their actions in the light of history] (in Dutch). Bussum: Fibula-Van Dishoeck.OCLC 5060822.
Bury, John Bagnall (1889).A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene. Vol. II. London: Macmillan.
Collier, Jeremy;Barham, Francis Foster (1840).An Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain. Vol. 1. London: William Straker.
Gordon, Matthew (2005).The Rise of Islam. Greenwood Press.ISBN 978-0-313-32522-9.
Hodges, Richard (1984). "Frisians and Franks: Argonauts of the Dark Ages".Archaeology.37 (1):26–31.ISSN 0003-8113.JSTOR 41728801.
John, Eric (1996).Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester University Press.ISBN 0-7190-5053-7.
Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich, ed. (1991).The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
Kirby, D. P. (1992).The Earliest English Kings. London: Routledge.ISBN 0-415-09086-5.
Norwich, John Julius (1990).Byzantium: The Early Centuries.Penguin.ISBN 0-14-011447-5.
Ostrogorsky, George (1956).History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Blackwell.
Schieffer, Theodor (1972) [1954].Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas (in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.ISBN 3-534-06065-2.
Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010).A Global Chronology of Conflict. Vol. I: Ca. 3000 BCE–1499 CE.ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5.

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