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4C +01.02

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Blazar in the constellation Cetus
4C +01.02
The blazar 4C +01.02.
Observation data (J2000.0epoch)
ConstellationCetus
Right ascension01h 08m 38.771s[1]
Declination+01° 35′ 00.317″[1]
Redshift2.099000[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity629,264km/s
Distance10.663Gly (3.269Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)18.39
Apparent magnitude (B)18.54
Characteristics
TypeHPQ, FSRQ; blazar[1]
Notable featuresGamma-ray blazar
Other designations
PKS 0106+01, PC 0106+0119,LEDA 2818340, PKS B0106+013, OC +012, PB 06280,IRCF J010838.7+013500, WMAP 081, G4Jy 0125, 0106+013[1]

4C +01.02 is ablazar[2] located in theconstellation ofCetus. It has a highredshift of (z) 2.099,[3][4] with its distance estimated to be 10.663 billion light-years.[1] It was first discovered as a faintastronomical radio source byastronomers in 1965 and subsequently identified with its quasi-stellar counterpart.[5] This object hosts asuperluminal jet[6] and has aradio spectrum that is classified as flat.[3][7]

Description

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4C +01.02 is found to be violently variable on theelectromagnetic spectrum with its bright state exceeding 1050 erg s−1.[8] It has displayed severalgamma ray outbursts which were detected on 14 September 2013 and on December 20, 2014.[9][10] When shown on a 7-day gamma-raylight curve, 4C +01.02 showed long periods of flaring activity between September 23, 2014 and August 24, 2017 while the 2-day light curve revealed there are 14 flaring components showing the greatest possibleintegral flux of (2.5 ± 0.2) x 10−6 ph cm−2 s−1. A short variability was also identified, which was 0.66 ± 0.08 days.[3] Additional gamma-ray activity was observed by theLarge Area Telescope in March and September 2022.[11][12] Simultaneously, 4C +01.02 also reached a high optical state in the same month.[13]

4C +01.02 is classified as a core-dominated quasar. It has a radio core measuring 2milliarcseconds.[14] There is a much weaker feature located southwest from the core.[15] A strongjet can be seen pointing in a southerly direction displaying amagnetic field which is parallel with the jet's direction via a 8.5GHz radio image.[16] When observed byHubble and theChandra X-ray Observatory, the jet displaysX-ray emission that follows itstrajectory in an S-shaped path and subsequently becoming brighter.[17]Superluminal motion was also detected in the jet components.[18]

The centralsupermassive black hole mass of 4C +01.02 is estimated to be 3 billionMʘ based on the constraint of itsaccretion disk component.[19] Additionally in 2024, its gamma emission was found displayingquasi-periodic oscillation with a period of either 253 or 286 days.[20][21]

References

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  1. ^abcdef"NED search results for 4C +01.02".NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved2025-05-24.
  2. ^Britto, Richard; on behalf of the Fermi-LAT Collaboration; Böttcher, Markus; Schutte, Hester; Falcone, Abe; Marais, Johannes Petrus; van Soelen, Brian; Buckley, David (2018-11-08),"Studies of optical/gamma-ray flares of blazar 4C+01.02: recent updates from the 2016-2017 observations",Proceedings of 5th Annual Conference on High Energy Astrophysics in Southern Africa — PoS(HEASA2017), vol. 319, SISSA Medialab, p. 013,doi:10.22323/1.319.0013, retrieved2025-05-24
  3. ^abcMalik, Zahoor; Shah, Zahir; Sahayanathan, Sunder; Iqbal, Naseer; Manzoor, Aaqib (2022-08-11)."Multiwavelength study of blazar 4C + 01.02 during its long-term flaring activity in 2014–2017".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.514 (3):4259–4269.arXiv:2206.04441.doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1616.ISSN 0035-8711.
  4. ^Sharma, Ajay; Kamaram, Sushanth Reddy; Prince, Raj; Khatoon, Rukaiya; Bose, Debanjan (2023-11-06)."Probing the disc–jet coupling in S4 0954+65, PKS 0903−57, and 4C +01.02 with γ-rays".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.527 (2):2672–2686.arXiv:2311.01738.doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3399.ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. ^Bolton, J. G.; Clarke, Margaret E.; Sandage, Allan; Véron, P. (October 1965)."Identifications of Six Faint Radio Sources with Quasi-Stellar Objects".The Astrophysical Journal.142: 1289.Bibcode:1965ApJ...142.1289B.doi:10.1086/148409.ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^Shen, Zhi-qiang; Wan, Tong-shan; Hong, Xiao-yu (1997-07-01)."Observations of the superluminal source 0106+013".Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics.21 (3):265–268.Bibcode:1997ChA&A..21..265S.doi:10.1016/S0275-1062(97)00035-0.ISSN 0275-1062.
  7. ^Mukherjee, Shruti; Agarwal, Sushmita; Shukla, Amit (January 2024)."Study the long-term temporal & spectral behavior of FSRQ 4C+01.02".42nd Meeting of the Astronomical Society of India (ASI).42: P151.Bibcode:2024asi..confP.151M.
  8. ^Sahakyan, N; Harutyunyan, G; Gasparyan, S; Israyelyan, D (2024-03-11)."Broad-band study of gamma-ray blazars at redshifts z = 2.0–2.5".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.528 (4):5990–6009.doi:10.1093/mnras/stae273.ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ^Buson, S. (2013)."Fermi LAT detection of a GeV flare from 4C +01.02".The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved2025-05-24.
  10. ^Ciprini, Stefano (21 December 2014)."Fermi-LAT detection of a GeV flare from the distant blazar 4C +01.02 (PKS 0106+01)".The Astronomer's Telegram. No. 6844. Retrieved2025-05-24.
  11. ^Principe, G.; Garrappa, S. (March 2022). "Fermi-LAT detection of the first flaring activity from the FSRQ PKS 1954-388 and an enhanced gamma-ray activity from the high redshift blazar 4C +01.02".The Astronomer's Telegram. No. 15274.Bibcode:2022ATel15274....1P.
  12. ^Agarwal, Sushmita; Shukla, Amit (September 2022). "Swift XRT observations of the high redshift (z=2.1) flat-spectrum radio quasar 4C+01.02".The Astronomer's Telegram. No. 15588.Bibcode:2022ATel15588....1A.
  13. ^Strigachev, Anton; Bachev, Rumen (5 September 2022)."Recent optical observations of flaring blazars: 3C 66A and 4C+01.02".The Astronomer's Telegram. No. 15590. Retrieved2025-05-24.
  14. ^Dodson, R.; Fomalont, E. B.; Wiik, K.; Horiuchi, S.; Hirabayashi, H.; Edwards, P. G.; Murata, Y.; Asaki, Y.; Moellenbrock, G. A.; Scott, W. K.; Taylor, A. R.; Gurvits, L. I.; Paragi, Z.; Frey, S.; Shen, Z.-Q. (2008-04-01)."The VSOP 5 GHz Active Galactic Nucleus Survey. V. Imaging Results for the Remaining 140 Sources".The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series.175 (2): 314.arXiv:0710.5707.Bibcode:2008ApJS..175..314D.doi:10.1086/525025.ISSN 0067-0049.
  15. ^Fomalont, E. B.; Frey, S.; Paragi, Z.; Gurvits, L. I.; Scott, W. K.; Taylor, A. R.; Edwards, P. G.; Hirabayashi, H. (November 2000)."The VSOP 5 GHz Continuum Survey: The Prelaunch VLBA Observations".The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series.131 (1):95–183.Bibcode:2000ApJS..131...95F.doi:10.1086/317368.ISSN 0067-0049.
  16. ^Punsly, Brian (April 1995)."The Extended Morphology of Ultraluminous Radio Cores".The Astronomical Journal.109: 1555.Bibcode:1995AJ....109.1555P.doi:10.1086/117385.ISSN 0004-6256.
  17. ^Kharb, P.; Lister, M. L.; Marshall, H. L.; Hogan, B. S. (2012-03-09). "CHANDRA ANDHST IMAGING OF THE QUASARS PKS B0106+013 AND 3C 345: INVERSE COMPTON X-RAYS AND MAGNETIZED JETS".The Astrophysical Journal.748 (2): 81.arXiv:1201.4178.Bibcode:2012ApJ...748...81K.doi:10.1088/0004-637x/748/2/81.ISSN 0004-637X.
  18. ^Wehrle, Ann E.; Cohen, Marshall H.; Unwin, Stephen C. (March 1990)."Detection of Superluminal Motion in the Core-dominated Quasar 0106+013".The Astrophysical Journal.351: L1.Bibcode:1990ApJ...351L...1W.doi:10.1086/185665.ISSN 0004-637X.
  19. ^Schutte, Hester M.; Britto, Richard J.; Böttcher, Markus; van Soelen, Brian; Marais, Johannes P.; Kaur, Amanpreet; Falcone, Abraham D.; Buckley, David A. H.; Rajoelimanana, Andry F.; Cooper, Justin (2022-02-01)."Modeling the Spectral Energy Distributions and Spectropolarimetry of Blazars—Application to 4C+01.02 in 2016–2017*".The Astrophysical Journal.925 (2): 139.arXiv:2112.08871.Bibcode:2022ApJ...925..139S.doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3cb5.ISSN 0004-637X.
  20. ^Chen, Junping; Yu, Jinjie; Huang, Weitian; Ding, Nan (2024-02-08)."Transient quasi-periodic oscillations in the gamma-ray light curves of bright blazars".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.528 (4):6807–6822.arXiv:2401.10658.doi:10.1093/mnras/stae416.ISSN 0035-8711.
  21. ^Ren, Helena X.; Cerruti, Matteo; Sahakyan, Narek (2023-02-25), "Quasi-periodic oscillations in theγ -ray light curves of bright active galactic nuclei",Astronomy & Astrophysics,672: A86,arXiv:2204.13051,Bibcode:2023A&A...672A..86R,doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244754

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