Fullscreen (orfull screen) refers to the 4:3 (1.3:1)aspect ratio of early standard television screens and computer monitors.^[1]Widescreen ratios started to become more popular in the 1990s and 2000s.

Film originally created in the 4:3 aspect ratio does not need to be altered for full-screen release. In contrast, other aspect ratios can be converted to full screen using techniques such aspan and scan,open matte orreframing. In pan and scan, the 4:3 image is extracted from within the original frame bycropping the sides of the film. Inopen matte, the 4:3 image is extracted from parts of the originalnegative which were shot but not intended to be used for the theatrical release. In reframing, elements within the image are repositioned. Reframing is used for entirelyCG movies, where the elements can be easily moved.^[2][3]

Full-screen aspect ratios in standard television have been in use since the invention ofmoving picture cameras. Earlycomputer monitors employed the same aspect ratio. The aspect ratio 4:3 was used for35 mm films in thesilent era. It is also very close to the 1.375:1Academy ratio, defined by theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as a standard after the advent of opticalsound-on-film. By having TV match this aspect ratio, movies originally photographed on 35 mm film could be satisfactorily viewed on TV in the early days of television (i.e. the 1940s and the 1950s). Whencinema attendance dropped, Hollywood createdwidescreen aspect ratios (such as 1.85:1) in order to differentiate the film industry from TV.^[4] However, at the turn of the 21st century,broadcasters worldwide began phasing out the 4:3 standard entirely and manufacturers started to favor the16:9 aspect ratio for modernhigh-definition television sets, broadcast cameras andcomputer monitors.

• Film and video technology
• Picture aspect ratios

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