The brigade was formed in 2016 as a reserve unit. It was armed withT-72 tanks.[3] Before February 2022, it was composed of only 130 personnel, who were tasked with maintaining its equipment.[1]
Following the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the brigade's ranks were filled with mobilized soldiers.[1][4][2] As the brigade's units were being assembled, they were deployed to different front lines, including toKyiv,Izium,Kharkiv,Sloviansk, andZaporizhzhia.[2]
On 15 March, a few hours after arriving inBarvinkove, a company of six tanks from the 3rd Brigade took part in an assault on the village ofTopolske [uk], on the Izium front in theKharkiv Oblast. The brigade's commander later claimed that about two dozen Russian tanks were stationed in the village and that nine were destroyed during combat, but Ukrainian forces failed to retake the village.[2]
In September, units of the 3rd Tank Brigade participated ina major Ukrainian offensive in the Kharkiv Oblast. In cooperation with other Ukrainian forces, the brigade's units took part in the recapture of the settlements ofNova Husarivka,Bairak,Shchurivka [uk] andBalakliia.[2] Neil Hauer reported that elements of the 3rd Tank Brigade were also among the Ukrainian units which retook Izium, as part of the same offensive.[4]
In March 2023, elements of the brigade were positioned in the Kharkiv Oblast.[1] In June of the same year, a unit of the brigade was positioned nearVovchansk on theRussia-Ukraine border.[4]
The 2nd Battalion of the 3rd Brigade took part in a December 2024 operation to recapture the village ofNovomlynsk [uk] in the Kharkiv region.[5]
In July 2025, it was announced that the 3rd Tank Brigade had been reformed into the 3rd Heavy Mechanized Brigade.[6]