Circles of latitude
Following arecircles of latitude between the 35th parallel north and the 40th parallel north :
36th parallel north [ edit ] The36th parallel north is acircle of latitude that is 36degrees north of theEarth's equatorial plane . It crossesAfrica , theMediterranean Sea ,Asia , thePacific Ocean ,North America and theAtlantic Ocean . In theancient Mediterranean world , its role for navigation and geography was similar to that played by the Equator today.[ 1]
From 7 April 1991 to 31 December 1996, the parallel defined the limit of the northernno-fly zone inIraq .[ 2]
At this latitude thesun is visible for 14 hours, 36 minutes during thesummer solstice and 9 hours, 43 minutes during thewinter solstice .[ 3]
In theUnited States , the 36th parallel north is occasionally used as a rough northern boundary for theSun Belt , a region spanning mostSouthern andSouthwestern states and comprising most of the nation's warmest climates.
Cities and landmarks close to the parallel include the following:Kettleman City, California ;Henderson, Nevada ;Hoover Dam ;South Rim of theGrand Canyon ;Los Alamos National Laboratory ;Tulsa, Oklahoma (passing through the southern portion of the city);Nashville, Tennessee (passing through the southern portion of the city);Knoxville, Tennessee ;Winston-Salem, North Carolina ;High Point, North Carolina ;Greensboro, North Carolina ;Durham, North Carolina ;Chapel Hill, North Carolina ; and others. The parallel helped define theNorth Carolina–Tennessee–Virginia Corners .
The sixthstandard parallel south ofMount Diablo Range at 35°48′ north, 13.8344 miles south of the 36th parallel, forms a continuous boundary between the California counties ofMonterey ,Kings ,Tulare , andInyo on the north and the counties ofSan Luis Obispo ,Kern , andSan Bernardino on the south.[ 4] Central California andSouthern California .[ 5]
The parallel 36° north approximately forms the southernmost boundary of theMissouri Bootheel with theState of Arkansas .
The 36th parallel passes throughDuke University in several places. Its Campus Drive that connects the campuses crosses the parallel several times.[citation needed TheDuke Gardens has a "36th Parallel Club" although the garden itself is just north of the parallel.[citation needed
Starting at thePrime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 36° north passes through:
Coordinates Country, territory or sea Notes 36°0′N 0°0′E / 36.000°N 0.000°E /36.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian ) Mediterranean Sea 36°0′N 0°7′E / 36.000°N 0.117°E /36.000; 0.117 (Algeria ) Algeria Passing throughMostaganem 36°0′N 8°18′E / 36.000°N 8.300°E /36.000; 8.300 (Tunisia ) Tunisia 36°0′N 10°31′E / 36.000°N 10.517°E /36.000; 10.517 (Mediterranean Sea ) Mediterranean Sea Passing just north of the island ofLinosa ,Italy Comino andMalta ,Malta 36°0′N 23°10′E / 36.000°N 23.167°E /36.000; 23.167 (Aegean Sea ) Aegean Sea Passing between the islands ofKythira andAntikythera ,Greece Saria Island ,Greece 36°0′N 27°45′E / 36.000°N 27.750°E /36.000; 27.750 (Greece ) Greece Island ofRhodes 36°0′N 27°55′E / 36.000°N 27.917°E /36.000; 27.917 (Mediterranean Sea ) Mediterranean Sea 36°0′N 35°59′E / 36.000°N 35.983°E /36.000; 35.983 (Turkey ) Turkey Hatay Province 36°0′N 36°22′E / 36.000°N 36.367°E /36.000; 36.367 (Syria ) Syria Passing just north ofRaqqa 36°0′N 41°17′E / 36.000°N 41.283°E /36.000; 41.283 (Iraq ) Iraq 36°0′N 45°21′E / 36.000°N 45.350°E /36.000; 45.350 (Iran ) Iran 36°0′N 61°10′E / 36.000°N 61.167°E /36.000; 61.167 (Turkmenistan ) Turkmenistan 36°0′N 63°49′E / 36.000°N 63.817°E /36.000; 63.817 (Afghanistan ) Afghanistan 36°0′N 71°15′E / 36.000°N 71.250°E /36.000; 71.250 (Pakistan ) Pakistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Gilgit-Baltistan - claimed byIndia 36°0′N 76°6′E / 36.000°N 76.100°E /36.000; 76.100 (Shaksgam Valley ) Shaksgam Valley Area administered byPeople's Republic of China , claimed byIndia 36°0′N 76°48′E / 36.000°N 76.800°E /36.000; 76.800 (China ) People's Republic of China Xinjiang Tibet Qinghai Gansu — passing just south ofLanzhou Ningxia Shaanxi Shanxi Henan Shandong Qingdao 36°0′N 120°18′E / 36.000°N 120.300°E /36.000; 120.300 (Yellow Sea ) Yellow Sea 36°0′N 126°42′E / 36.000°N 126.700°E /36.000; 126.700 (South Korea ) South Korea South Chungcheong Province -North Jeolla Province Border , Passing just north ofGunsan ,Iksan North Jeolla Province -North Chungcheong Province -North Gyeongsang Province Border North Gyeongsang Province - Passing just south ofGumi Daegu -Palgong Mountain North Gyeongsang Province - Passing throughPohang 36°0′N 129°35′E / 36.000°N 129.583°E /36.000; 129.583 (Sea of Japan ) Sea of Japan 36°0′N 133°1′E / 36.000°N 133.017°E /36.000; 133.017 (Japan ) Japan Island ofChiburi-shima :Shimane Prefecture , Passing through the northern ofAgeo ,Fukui 36°0′N 133°4′E / 36.000°N 133.067°E /36.000; 133.067 (Sea of Japan ) Sea of Japan 36°0′N 135°58′E / 36.000°N 135.967°E /36.000; 135.967 (Japan ) Japan Island ofHonshū :Fukui Prefecture Gifu Prefecture Nagano Prefecture Gunma Prefecture − for about 4 km (2.5 mi)Saitama Prefecture Chiba Prefecture − for about 6 km (3.7 mi)Ibaraki Prefecture 36°0′N 140°40′E / 36.000°N 140.667°E /36.000; 140.667 (Pacific Ocean ) Pacific Ocean 36°0′N 121°30′W / 36.000°N 121.500°W /36.000; -121.500 (United States ) United States California Nevada - Just South OfLas Vegas Arizona New Mexico Texas Oklahoma Arkansas Missouri / Arkansas border (approximate)Tennessee North Carolina (Madison County , for about 14 km (8.7 mi))Unicoi County , for about 12 km (7.5 mi))36°0′N 75°39′W / 36.000°N 75.650°W /36.000; -75.650 (Atlantic Ocean ) Atlantic Ocean 36°0′N 5°36′W / 36.000°N 5.600°W /36.000; -5.600 (Strait of Gibraltar ) Strait of Gibraltar Passing 2 m (6.6 ft) south ofPunta de Tarifa ,Spain - the mostsoutherly point of the European mainland 36°0′N 5°25′W / 36.000°N 5.417°W /36.000; -5.417 (Mediterranean Sea ) Mediterranean Sea
37th parallel north [ edit ] The37th parallel north is acircle of latitude that is 37degrees north of theEarth's equatorial plane . It crossesEurope , theMediterranean Sea ,Africa ,Asia , thePacific Ocean ,North America , and theAtlantic Ocean .
At this latitude, theSun is visible for 14 hours, 42 minutes during thesummer solstice and 9 hours, 37 minutes during thewinter solstice .[ 6]
The 37th parallel north is roughly the northern limit of the visibility ofCanopus , the second-brightest star of the night sky. Along with the37th parallel south , it is the latitude at whichsolar irradiance is closest to the planetary average,[ 7]
The 37th parallel defining borders between states in the United States. Exit Point of the 37th Parallel North from the United States. In theUnited States , the parallel defines the southern borders ofUtah ,Colorado , andKansas , and the northern borders ofArizona ,New Mexico , andOklahoma . It dates to theKansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 when Congress dividedUnorganized Territory into Kansas and Nebraska north of the 37th parallel and a remainder Indian Territory to the south. Before that, the line had been thought to be the boundary between theCherokee andOsage reservations – the 2.46 miles (3.96 km) discrepancy resulting in the creation of theCherokee Strip . Congress extended the line west toNew Mexico Territory , thus defining which states and territories would constituteThe South between theColorado andMississippi Rivers, and creating what later became theOklahoma Panhandle .[ 8]
The parallel 37° north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegalTerritory of Jefferson .
U.S. Landmarks located on or in close proximity of the 37th parallel [ edit ] Santa Cruz, California – Located on the exact entry point into the U.S. atBonny Doon Beach.Yosemite National Park — Situated in close proximity, just north of the 37th parallel.Death Valley – The 37th parallel runs approximately 1,300 ft south of the Little HebeCrater rim and approximately 1,900 ft south of the largerUbehebe Crater rim, a crater that's 800 meters (2,600 ft) wide and 235 meters (771 ft) deep.Area 51 , Nevada — Also known as "Groom Lake ".Four Corners , the only point where four U.S. states meet.Cairo, Illinois – The southernmost city in Illinois.Bowling Green, Kentucky Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel – A critical maritime and transportation structure.Starting at thePrime Meridian and heading eastward, the parallel 37° north passes through:
38th parallel north [ edit ] The38th parallel north is acircle of latitude that is 38degrees north of the Earth'sequatorial plane . It crossesEurope , theMediterranean Sea ,Asia , thePacific Ocean ,North America , and theAtlantic Ocean . The 38th parallel north formed the border betweenNorth and South Korea prior to theKorean War .
At this latitude, the Sun is visible for 14 hours, 48 minutes during thesummer solstice and 9 hours, 32 minutes during thewinter solstice .[ 9]
TheKorean Peninsula first divided along the 38th parallel, later along the demarcation line Japan had ruled the Korean Peninsula between 1910 and 1945. WhenJapan surrendered in August 1945, the 38th parallel was established as the boundary betweenSoviet andAmerican occupation zones . This parallel divided theKorean peninsula roughly in the middle. In 1948, this parallel became the boundary between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea ) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea ), both of which claim to be the government of the whole of Korea. On 25 June 1950, after a series of cross-border raids and gunfire from both the Northern and the Southern sides, theNorth Korean Army crossed the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea. This sparkedUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 82 which called for the North to return its troops to behind the 38th parallel, commencing theKorean War withUnited Nations troops (mostly American) helping South Korean troops to defend South Korea.[ 10]
After theArmistice agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, a new line was established to separate North Korea and South Korea. ThisMilitary Demarcation Line is surrounded by aDemilitarized Zone . The demarcation line crosses the 38th parallel, from the southwest to the northeast.
Starting at thePrime Meridian heading eastward, the 38th parallel north passes through:
Coordinates Country, territory or sea Notes 38°0′N 0°0′E / 38.000°N 0.000°E /38.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian ) Mediterranean Sea Passing just north of the island ofMarettimo ,Italy (at37°59′43″N 12°1′47″E / 37.99528°N 12.02972°E /37.99528; 12.02972 (Marettimo ) 38°0′N 12°19′E / 38.000°N 12.317°E /38.000; 12.317 (Italy ) Italy Islands ofLevanzo andSicily 38°0′N 15°25′E / 38.000°N 15.417°E /38.000; 15.417 (Mediterranean Sea ) Mediterranean Sea Strait of Messina 38°0′N 15°38′E / 38.000°N 15.633°E /38.000; 15.633 (Italy ) Italy Passing throughReggio di Calabria (southern suburbs) 38°0′N 16°8′E / 38.000°N 16.133°E /38.000; 16.133 (Mediterranean Sea ) Mediterranean Sea Ionian Sea - passing between the islands ofKefalonia (at38°4′N 20°43′E / 38.067°N 20.717°E /38.067; 20.717 (Kefalonia ) Zakynthos (at37°56′N 20°42′E / 37.933°N 20.700°E /37.933; 20.700 (Zakynthos ) Greece 38°0′N 21°16′E / 38.000°N 21.267°E /38.000; 21.267 (Greece ) Greece Passing throughAthens 38°0′N 24°2′E / 38.000°N 24.033°E /38.000; 24.033 (Aegean Sea ) Aegean Sea 38°0′N 24°14′E / 38.000°N 24.233°E /38.000; 24.233 (Greece ) Greece Islands ofPetalioi andEuboea 38°0′N 24°34′E / 38.000°N 24.567°E /38.000; 24.567 (Aegean Sea ) Aegean Sea Passing just north of the island ofAndros (at37°59′57″N 24°47′23″E / 37.99917°N 24.78972°E /37.99917; 24.78972 (Andros ) Greece 38°0′N 27°7′E / 38.000°N 27.117°E /38.000; 27.117 (Turkey ) Turkey Passing throughKonya ,Niğde andİzmir (southern suburbs) 38°0′N 44°17′E / 38.000°N 44.283°E /38.000; 44.283 (Iran ) Iran Passing just south ofTabriz 38°0′N 48°55′E / 38.000°N 48.917°E /38.000; 48.917 (Caspian Sea ) Caspian Sea 38°0′N 53°49′E / 38.000°N 53.817°E /38.000; 53.817 (Turkmenistan ) Turkmenistan 38°0′N 55°17′E / 38.000°N 55.283°E /38.000; 55.283 (Iran ) Iran 38°0′N 57°22′E / 38.000°N 57.367°E /38.000; 57.367 (Turkmenistan ) Turkmenistan Passing just north ofAshgabat 38°0′N 66°38′E / 38.000°N 66.633°E /38.000; 66.633 (Uzbekistan ) Uzbekistan 38°0′N 68°17′E / 38.000°N 68.283°E /38.000; 68.283 (Tajikistan ) Tajikistan 38°0′N 70°19′E / 38.000°N 70.317°E /38.000; 70.317 (Afghanistan ) Afghanistan 38°0′N 71°16′E / 38.000°N 71.267°E /38.000; 71.267 (Tajikistan ) Tajikistan 38°0′N 74°54′E / 38.000°N 74.900°E /38.000; 74.900 (China ) People's Republic of China Xinjiang Qinghai Gansu Inner Mongolia Ningxia Shaanxi − for around 5 km (3.1 mi)Shanxi — passing just north ofTaiyuan Hebei — passing just south ofShijiazhuang Shandong 38°0′N 118°58′E / 38.000°N 118.967°E /38.000; 118.967 (Yellow Sea ) Yellow Sea Passing just north ofBaengnyeongdo (at37°59′N 124°41′E / 37.983°N 124.683°E /37.983; 124.683 (Baengnyeongdo ) South Korea 38°0′N 125°7′E / 38.000°N 125.117°E /38.000; 125.117 (North Korea ) North Korea Ongjin Peninsula —South Hwanghae Province 38°0′N 125°35′E / 38.000°N 125.583°E /38.000; 125.583 (Yellow Sea ) Yellow Sea Ongjin Bay 38°0′N 125°46′E / 38.000°N 125.767°E /38.000; 125.767 (North Korea ) North Korea South Hwanghae Province Haeju North Hwanghae Province Kaesong 38°0′N 126°49′E / 38.000°N 126.817°E /38.000; 126.817 (South Korea ) South Korea Gyeonggi Province - Passing throughPaju ,Yeoncheon County ,Pocheon ,Gapyeong County Gangwon Province - Passing throughHwacheon County ,Chuncheon , (passing just north ofSoyang Reservoir ),Inje County ,Yangyang County 38°0′N 128°44′E / 38.000°N 128.733°E /38.000; 128.733 (Sea of Japan ) Sea of Japan 38°0′N 138°14′E / 38.000°N 138.233°E /38.000; 138.233 (Japan ) Japan Island ofSado :Niigata Prefecture 38°0′N 138°33′E / 38.000°N 138.550°E /38.000; 138.550 (Sea of Japan ) Sea of Japan 38°0′N 139°14′E / 38.000°N 139.233°E /38.000; 139.233 (Japan ) Japan Island ofHonshū :Niigata City Yamagata Prefecture Miyagi Prefecture 38°0′N 140°55′E / 38.000°N 140.917°E /38.000; 140.917 (Pacific Ocean ) Pacific Ocean 38°0′N 123°1′W / 38.000°N 123.017°W /38.000; -123.017 (United States ) United States California - passing throughPinole andStockton WithSacramento a little to the northNevada - passing just south ofTonopah Utah - passing throughCapitol Reef andCanyonlands National Parks Colorado - passing throughOuray , and then just south ofPueblo Kansas - passing just south ofNewton Missouri - passing throughCamdenton and just north ofRolla Illinois - passing just south ofMount Vernon Indiana - passing throughEvansville Kentucky - passing throughLexington West Virginia - passing just north ofBeckley Virginia - passing just south ofCharlottesville 38°0′N 76°28′W / 38.000°N 76.467°W /38.000; -76.467 (Chesapeake Bay ) Chesapeake Bay 38°0′N 75°53′W / 38.000°N 75.883°W /38.000; -75.883 (United States ) United States Maryland - passing just north ofSmith Island andCrisfield Virginia - passing just north ofChincoteague 38°0′N 75°16′W / 38.000°N 75.267°W /38.000; -75.267 (Pacific Ocean ) Atlantic Ocean Passing betweenPico (at38°23′N 28°14′W / 38.383°N 28.233°W /38.383; -28.233 (Pico ) São Miguel (at37°55′N 25°47′W / 37.917°N 25.783°W /37.917; -25.783 (São Miguel ) Azores ,Portugal 38°0′N 8°51′W / 38.000°N 8.850°W /38.000; -8.850 (Portugal ) Portugal Setúbal District Beja District - passing just south ofBeja 38°0′N 7°12′W / 38.000°N 7.200°W /38.000; -7.200 (Spain ) Spain Andalusia Extremadura Region of Murcia - passing just north ofMurcia Valencian Community 38°0′N 0°39′W / 38.000°N 0.650°W /38.000; -0.650 (Mediterranean Sea ) Mediterranean Sea
39th parallel north [ edit ] The39th parallel north is acircle of latitude that is 39degrees north of theEarth's equatorial plane . It crossesEurope , theMediterranean Sea ,Asia , thePacific Ocean ,North America , and theAtlantic Ocean .
At this latitude thesun is visible for 14 hours, 54 minutes during thesummer solstice and 9 hours, 26 minutes during thewinter solstice .[ 11]
Daylight along the 39th parallel north falls under 10 hours a day starting on 18 November and returns to over ten hours a day beginning 24 January. The growth of crops and other plants is considerably slowed during this period of reduced sunlight.[citation needed
In the United States, the eastern boundary of the state ofCalifornia was defined as following the120th meridian west south from the42nd parallel north to its intersection with the 39th parallel north, beyond which it follows a diagonal line to where theColorado River crosses the35th parallel north .[ 12] Lake Tahoe .
Starting at thePrime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 39° north passes through:
40th parallel north [ edit ] The40th parallel north is acircle of latitude that is 40degrees north of theEarth's equatorial plane . It crossesEurope , theMediterranean Sea ,Asia , thePacific Ocean ,North America , and theAtlantic Ocean .
At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 1 minute and 28 seconds during thesummer solstice and 9 hours, 20 minutes during thewinter solstice .[ 13] [citation needed
The maximumaltitude of the Sun is > 35.00º in October and > 28.00º in November.
The 40th parallel north is the southern baseline forCanada 'sNational Topographic System .
The 40th parallel defines the state line between Nebraska and Kansas Survey marker on the Kansas/Nebraska state line The parallel 40° north formed the boundary between theKansas andNebraska territories, as per theKansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. It remains the boundary between the modern states ofKansas andNebraska .
The parallel 40° north formed the original northern boundary of theBritish Colony of Maryland . A subsequentroyal grant gave theColony of Pennsylvania land north of the 40th parallel but mistakenly assumed it would intersect theTwelve Mile Circle , which it does not. Pennsylvania's border was thus unclear and the colony pushed for a border far south of the 40th parallel. TheMason–Dixon Line was drawn between 1763 and 1767 as the compromise boundary between the overlapping claims of these two colonies.
40th parallel marker atOhio State University (Columbus, Ohio ) The parallel 40° north passes through the cities ofPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania ,Boulder, Colorado , andColumbus, Ohio ; as well as northern suburbs ofIndianapolis, Indiana and the southern suburbs ofPittsburgh, Pennsylvania . The parallel goes directly through theJohn Glenn Columbus International Airport , with runway 10L-28R lying immediately north of the line, runway 10R-28L lying slightly south of it, and the line going through the northernmost edges of the terminal. It also passes through the main campus of TheOhio State University ; specifically, it cuts directly across the Oval greenspace, between University Hall and the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library.Ohio Stadium , one of thelargest stadiums in the world, barely misses the parallel 40° north (6 seconds or 185 metres (607 ft) above 40° north).
Baseline Road in Boulder, Colorado, traces the parallel 40° north.
Thistle, Utah , aghost town since 1983, is slightly (30 seconds or 956 metres (0.594 mi)) below 40° north.
Starting in Spain at thePrime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 40° north passes through:
[ edit ] Ankara ,Turkey Beijing , ChinaColumbus , Ohio, United StatesDenver , Colorado, United StatesMadrid ,Spain Naples ,Italy Philadelphia , Pennsylvania, United StatesYerevan ,Armenia ^ FEDERACION DE TROPAS Y LEGIONES (5 September 2012)."Revista Oficial Carthagineses y Romanos 2012" . ^ "Containment: The Iraqi no-fly zones" .BBC News . 29 December 1998. Retrieved4 February 2012 .^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year" .U.S. Naval Observatory . 24 September 2019. Archived fromthe original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved2021-03-10 .^ California (1 January 1886).The Codes and Statutes of California, as Amended and in Force at the Close of the Twenty-sixth Session of the Legislature, 1885: With Notes Containing References to All the Decisions of the Supreme Court Construing Or Illustrating the Sections of the Codes, and to Adjudications of the Courts of Other States Having Like Code Provisions ^ California, Historical Society of Southern; California, Los Angeles County Pioneers of Southern (1 January 1901).The Quarterly ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year" .U.S. Naval Observatory . 2019-09-24.^ See Nadeau, Alice and McGhee, Richard; ‘A simple formula for a planet's mean annual insolation by latitude’;Icarus , volume 291, 15 July 2017, pp. 46-50 ^ Hubbard, Bill (2009).American Boundaries: The Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey ISBN 978-0-226-35591-7 . Retrieved27 September 2012 . ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year" .aa.usno.navy.mil . Archived fromthe original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved2011-06-12 .^ Nash, Gary B. (2008).The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society (Concise 6th ed.). New York: Pearson Longman. ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year" .U.S. Naval Observatory . 2019-09-24. Archived fromthe original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved2021-03-10 .^ Hubbard, Bill (2009).American Boundaries: The Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey 156– 157.ISBN 978-0-226-35591-7 . Retrieved27 September 2012 . ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year" .U.S. Naval Observatory . 2019-09-24. Archived fromthe original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved2021-03-10 .
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