阳金虎年 (male Iron-Tiger) −203 or −584 or −1356 — to — 阴金兔年 (female Iron-Rabbit) −202 or −583 or −1355
Year330 BC was a year of thepre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as theYear of the Consulship of Crassus and Venno (or, less frequently,year 424Ab urbe condita). The denomination 330 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Dominicalendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
January 20 –Alexander the Great defeats thePersians, led by satrapAriobarzanes, at thePersian Gates.[1] In this battle, Ariobarzan, supported by only 700Persian Immortals, holds the vast Macedonian army of 17,000 men at bay for 30 days. At the end, his troops are surrounded by Alexander's army, because of a Persian shepherd, who leads it around the Persian defenses. However, instead of surrendering, Ariobarzan and his 700 Immortals fight to the last man. Some historians consider him to be theLeonidas of Persia.
January 30 – After gaining the Pass of the Persian Gates, Alexander entersPersepolis. There he ceremonially burns down the palace ofXerxes I, as a symbol that the Panhellenic war of revenge is at an end.
Before continuing his pursuit ofDarius III, who has retreated intoBactria, Alexander assembles all the Persian treasure and entrusts it toHarpalus, who is to hold it atEcbatana as chief treasurer.Parmenion is also left behind inMedia to manage communications between Alexander and the rest of his rapidly growing lands.
Crossing theElburz Mountains to theCaspian Sea, Alexander seizes Zadracarta inHyrcania and receives the submission of a group of satraps and Persian notables, some of whom he confirms in their offices. He then travels westward and defeats the Mardi, amountain people who inhabit the Elburz Mountains. He also accepts the surrender of Darius' Greek mercenaries.
At Phrada, inDrangiana,Philotas,Parmenion's son and commander of the elite Macedoniancompanion cavalry, is implicated in an alleged plot against Alexander's life. He is condemned by the army, and executed. A secret message is sent by Alexander to Cleander, Parmenion's second in command, who obediently kills Parmenion atEcbatana in Media for fear that he will rise up in revolt at the news of his son's death. All of Parmenion's adherents are now eliminated and men close to Alexander are promoted.
Alexander's regent inMacedonia,Antipater, makes peace with theThracians (with whom he has been warring) and then marches south with a large force of over 40,000 men. He wins a hard-foughtBattle of Megalopolis in Arcadia againstAgis III ofSparta and his Greek mercenaries. Agis III is killed, and Spartan resistance is broken.[citation needed]
Aeschines continues to try to preventDemosthenes from being awarded a golden crown for his services toAthens. The case, which has begun in336 BC, finally concludes with the overwhelming defeat of Aeschines, largely because of Demosthenes' brilliant speech forCtesiphon (On the Crown).[4]
Following his defeat in the courts by Demosthenes, Aeschines leaves Athens forRhodes, to teachrhetoric.
Lysippos makes a bronze statue calledThe scraper (Apoxyomenos) (approximate date). A Roman copy after the original statue is today kept atMusei Vaticani inRome.
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