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ཆུ་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Water-Ox) −180 or −561 or −1333 — to — ཤིང་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་ (male Wood-Tiger) −179 or −560 or −1332
Year307 BC was a year of thepre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as theYear of the Consulship of Caecus and Violens (or, less frequently,year 447Ab urbe condita). The denomination 307 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Dominicalendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Antigonus prepares an expedition to Greece under his sonDemetrius. They gather a fleet of 250 ships and a large army in western Asia Minor. Antigonus gives his son 5.000 talents and some of his top officers, chief among themMedius of Larissa andAristodemus of Miletus.
At the beginning of June (the 26th day of theAttic month of Thargelion: Plut.Dem. 8,3)Demetrius, son ofAntigonus, launches a surprise attack onPireaus, Athens' harbour; his forces are able to secure control of the entire port city, except the fortress on theMunychia which remains in the hands of Dionysius, the commander ofCassander's garrison in Athens.
Demetrius of Phalerum, who ruledAthens for 10 years with the support ofCassander, recognizes his position has become untenable. He opens up negotiations, and after several diplomatic exchanges involvingAristodemus of Miletus, Antigonus top diplomat, he is given safe conduct to Thebes. Eventually he settles inAlexandria[2]
Demetrius captures the fortress on theMunychia and razes it to the ground. The old democracy, with the old constitution, is re-established in Athens under the leadership ofStratocles andDemochares. The grateful Athenians honour Antigonus and Demetrius as divine saviours (theoi soteres).[2]
Agathocles, the tyrant ofSyracuse, (who has been campaigning in North Africa for several years) launches a surprise attack onUtica. He captures around 300 citizens outside the walls and tries to negotiate a surrender of the city; Utica refuses. Agathocles then uses the prisoners as human shields by binding them to his siege engines.[5]
Agathocles assaults the walls of Utica. The Uticans, despite having to inflict death and injury on their fellow citizens, fiercely defend their city. Eventually, Agathocles' army is able to break into the city, they sacked the city and left behind a garrison.[5][6]
Agathocles besieges and takes a town calledHippu Acra. After capturing Hippu Acra several towns and cities come over to his side; even someNumidian tribes start sending their warriors to join Agathocles.[6]
With his expeditionary army now superior in numbers to the Carthaginians, Agathocles decides to leave his sonArchagathus in command of the African campaign and return toSicily. He starts constructing transports and when enough ships have been built sets sail for Sicily.[6]
Archagathus sends Eumachus, one of his father's generals, on two successful inland campaigns. On both occasions Eumachus gained a lot of war booty.[7][8]
Carthage musters (30,000 soldiers in total) and sends out three armies; one inland, one into the midlands, and one against the cities along the coast.[9]
Archagathus counters by dividing his army in three and sending them against the Carthaginian armies. Unfortunately for the Greeks, one army (commanded by Aeschrion) gets ambushed and another (commanded by Eumachus) is defeated in battle. Archagathus retreats toTunis, regroups his army and sends messengers to his father in Sicily to inform him on the situation .The Carthaginians concentrate their forces at Tunis as well and start a blockade of the city.[10][11]
Agathocles returns to his expeditionary army. Trying to restore his army's moral, he fights a battle under less than ideal conditions and suffers a bloody defeat (losing 3,000 soldiers).[12]
During a victory ceremony involving human sacrifice (the Carthaginians sacrificed prisoners of war by burning them alive) the Carthaginian camp catches fire, in the ensuing panic the Carthaginian army breaks and flees back to Carthage.[13][14]
5,000 Libyans deserters, who came fleeing back to Agathocles' camp, cause panic in the Greek camp, scattering the army.[15]
After the lost battle and the night-time panic, all his Libyan allies desert. With his army in no condition to fight on, Agathocles decides to return to Sicily.[16][17]
Agathocles abandons his army and his sons and secretly sails back to Sicily. His soldiers kill his sons in anger.[16][17]
Xenodocus, a general fromAcragas, leads an army of 10,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry againstAgathocles' generals on Sicily. Leptines and Demophilus, two of Agathocles' generals, oppose Xenoducus with 8,200 infantry and 1,200 cavalry. Xenoducus is defeated and retreats to Acragas. As a result of this defeat the people of Acragas give up the fight against Agathocles.[18]
Agathocles puts in atSelinus, marches on Heraclea (probablyHeraclea Minoa) and forces its people to submit once more. He then marches across the island on the city ofTherma, makes a treaty with its people and removes its Carthaginian garrison. After takingCephaloedium (near Therma), he marches back south taking the cities ofCenturipa andSicily.[18]
Deinocrates, the leader of the exiles, proclaims himself the champion of common liberty and uses this to gather the bulk of Agathocles' enemies into one army. After mustering an army of 20,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry, he marches on Agathocles, who refuses to do battle and retreats toSyracuse.[7]
Receiving word of the losses that had been inflicted on his expeditionary army (commanded by his son Archagathus) in Africa, Agathocles equips 17 warships to go to his son's aid. While breaking through the Carthaginian blockade, he is able to defeat his opponents' fleet.[11]
Leptines, one of Agathocles' generals, defeats Xenodocus for the second time.[19]
Agathocles purges Syracuse of his opponents; 500 citizens are executed. With the city secure in his loyalty he sets sail for Africa.[20]
After meeting disaster in Africa (losing his army and two of his sons), Agathocles returns to Sicily. In dire need of cash, he razes the city ofSegesta.[21]
