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3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Entactogen and psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes
Not to be confused withmeta-Methoxyamphetamine.
Pharmaceutical compound
MMA
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 1-(3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)propan-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChemCID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
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Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H17NO
Molar mass179.263 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • COc1cc(CC(N)C)ccc1C
  • InChI=1S/C11H17NO/c1-8-4-5-10(6-9(2)12)7-11(8)13-3/h4-5,7,9H,6,12H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:XDXMRSBXBOXSQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine (MMA) is anentactogen andpsychedelicdrug of thephenethylamine andamphetamine classes.[1][2] It was firstsynthesized in 1970[1] and was encountered as astreet drug inItaly in the same decade.[3] MMA was largely forgotten until being reassayed byDavid E. Nichols as a non-neurotoxicMDMAanalogue in 1991,[2] and has subsequently been sold as adesigner drug on the internet since the late 2000s.[citation needed]

In animal studies, MMA fully substitutes forMDMA andMBDB, partially substitutes forLSD, and does not substitute foramphetamine in rodentdrug discrimination tests.[2] However, in another study, MMA fully substituted fordextroamphetamine in such tests.[4] Additionally, it has been shown to be apotent and highlyselectiveserotonin releasing agent (SSRA) and does not produceserotonergicneurotoxicity in rodents.[5][2][6] These data appear to confer a profile of MMA as aselective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) andserotonin5-HT2A receptoragonist.[2]

In humans, MMA has been reported to behallucinogenic, "quitedypshoric", and long-lasting.[7] The active doses have been reported to be 40 to 60 mg.[7]Capsules containing 140 mg have been encountered as a designer drug inItaly in the 1980s.[7]

The2-aminoindaneanalogue of MMA is5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindane (MMAI).[8][6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abHo BT, McIsaac WM, An R, Tansey LW, Walker KE, Englert LF, Noel MB (January 1970). "Analogs of alpha-methylphenethylamine (amphetamine). I. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of some methoxy and/or methyl analogs".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.13 (1):26–30.doi:10.1021/jm00295a007.PMID 5412110.
  2. ^abcdeJohnson MP, Frescas SP, Oberlender R, Nichols DE (May 1991). "Synthesis and pharmacological examination of 1-(3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane and 5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan: similarities to 3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine (MDMA)".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.34 (5):1662–1668.doi:10.1021/jm00109a020.PMID 1674539.
  3. ^de Zorzi C, Cavalli A (1974). "Un nuovo allucinogeno: la MMA (p-metil-m-metossi anfetamina)" [A new hallucinogen: MMA (p-methyl-m-methoxy amphetamine)].Zacchia (in Italian).49 (1):58–68.
  4. ^Glennon RA, Young R, Hauck AE (May 1985). "Structure-activity studies on methoxy-substituted phenylisopropylamines using drug discrimination methodology".Pharmacol Biochem Behav.22 (5):723–729.doi:10.1016/0091-3057(85)90520-9.PMID 3839309.
  5. ^Johnson MP, Conarty PF, Nichols DE (July 1991). "[3H]monoamine releasing and uptake inhibition properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and p-chloroamphetamine analogues".Eur J Pharmacol.200 (1):9–16.doi:10.1016/0014-2999(91)90659-e.PMID 1685125.
  6. ^abRudnick G, Wall SC (February 1993). "Non-neurotoxic amphetamine derivatives release serotonin through serotonin transporters".Molecular Pharmacology.43 (2):271–276.doi:10.1016/S0026-895X(25)13609-2.PMID 8429828.
  7. ^abcShulgin A, Shulgin A (1991).Pihkal: A Chemical Love Story. Transform Press.ISBN 0-9630096-0-5.Some years ago a report appeared in the forensic literature of Italy, of the seizure of a small semi-transparent capsule containing 141 milligrams of a white powder that was stated to be a new hallucinogenic drug. This was shown to contain an analogue of DOM, 3-methoxy-4-methylamphetamine, or MMA. The Italian authorities made no mention of the net weight contained in each dosage unit, but it has been found that the active level of MMA in man is in the area of 40-60 milligrams. The compound can apparently be quite dysphoric, and long lived.
  8. ^Nichols DE, Marona-Lewicka D, Huang X, Johnson MP (1993)."Novel serotonergic agents".Drug des Discov.9 (3–4):299–312.PMID 8400010.
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