Legislative term from 1791–1793
Modern tour group visiting the House of Representatives chamber atCongress Hall Senate chamber atCongress Hall The2nd United States Congress , consisting of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives , met atCongress Hall inPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania , from March 4, 1791, to March 4, 1793, during the third and fourth years ofGeorge Washington 'spresidency . The apportionment of seats in theHouse of Representatives was based on the provisions ofArticle I, Section 2, Clause 3 of theUnited States Constitution . Additional House seats were assigned to the two new states of Vermont and Kentucky. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority.
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February 20, 1792:Postal Service Act , Sess. 1,ch. 7 , 1 Stat. 232 , established theU.S. Post Office March 1, 1792: Act relative to the Election of a President and Vice President of the United States, and toPresidential Succession , Sess. 1,ch. 8 , 1 Stat. 239 , stated the process for electors and Congress to follow when electing a president and vice president, and established which federal officer would act as president if both the offices of president and vice president became vacant. April 2, 1792:Coinage Act of 1792 , Sess. 1,ch. 16 , 1 Stat. 246 , established theUnited States Mint and regulated coinage April 14, 1792:Apportionment Act of 1792 , Sess. 1, ch. 23 1 Stat. 253 , increased the size of the House of Representatives from 69 seats in the 2nd Congress to 105 in the3rd andapportioned those seats among the several states according to the1790 census May 2, 1792:First Militia Act of 1792 , Sess. 1,ch. 28 , 1 Stat. 264 , empowered the president to call out themilitias of the variousstates in the event of an invasion or rebellion. May 5, 1792:Debtors' Prison Relief Act of 1792 , Sess. 1,ch. 29 , 1 Stat. 265 , established penal regulations and restrictions for persons' gaoled for property debt, tax evasion, and tax resistance. May 8, 1792:Second Militia Act of 1792 , Sess. 1,ch. 33 , 1 Stat. 271 , required that every free able-bodied white male citizen of the various states, between the ages of 18 and 45, enroll in the militia of the state in which they reside. February 12, 1793:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 , Sess. 2,ch. 7 , 1 Stat. 302 March 2, 1793:Judiciary Act of 1793 (includingAnti-Injunction Act ), Sess. 2,ch. 22 , 1 Stat. 333 Constitutional amendments [ edit ] There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[ 1]
Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership " section.
During this congress, two new Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Vermont and Kentucky.
House of Representatives [ edit ] Members of the House of Representatives as shared by each state During this congress, two new House seats were added for each of the new states of Vermont and Kentucky. (Sess. 3, ch. 9, 1 Stat. 191 )
Faction(Shading indicates faction control)
Total Anti-Administration Pro-Administration Vacant End ofprevious Congress 28 36 64 1 Begin 25 37 62 3 April 4, 1791[ k] 38 63 2 October 24, 1791[ l] 28 66 1 November 1791[ m] 37 65 2 February 6, 1792[ n] 29 66 1 March 21, 1792[ o] 28 65 2 April 2, 1792[ p] 38 66 1 June 1, 1792[ q] 27 65 4 November 8, 1792[ r] 28 66 3 November 9, 1792[ s] 29 67 2 November 22, 1792[ t] 30 68 1 December 6, 1792[ u] 29 67 2 January 30, 1793[ v] 39 68 1 Final voting share 42.6% 57.4% Beginning of thenext Congress 55 50 105 0
Senate PresidentJohn Adams House of Representatives [ edit ] This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below areSenate class numbers , which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facingre-election in 1796 ; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facingre-election in 1792 ; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facingre-election in 1794 .
▌ 1.Oliver Ellsworth (P)▌ 3.William S. Johnson (P), until March 4, 1791▌ Roger Sherman (P), from June 13, 1791▌ 1.George Read (P)▌ 2.Richard Bassett (P)▌ 2.William Few (A)▌ 3.James Gunn (A)▌ 2.John Brown (A), from June 18, 1792▌ 3.John Edwards (A), from June 18, 1792▌ 1.Charles Carroll (P), until November 30, 1792▌ Richard Potts (P), from February 4, 1793▌ 3.John Henry (P)▌ 1.George Cabot (P)▌ 2.Caleb Strong (P)▌ 2.Paine Wingate (A)▌ 3.John Langdon (P)▌ 1.John Rutherfurd (P)▌ 2.Philemon Dickinson (P)▌ 1.Aaron Burr (A)▌ 3.Rufus King (P)▌ 2.Samuel Johnston (P)▌ 3.Benjamin Hawkins (P)▌ 1.Albert Gallatin (A), from February 28, 1793 (not formally installed until next Congress)▌ 3.Robert Morris (P)▌ 1.Theodore Foster (P)▌ 2.Joseph Stanton Jr. (A)▌ 2.Pierce Butler (A)▌ 3.Ralph Izard (P)▌ 1.Moses Robinson (A), from October 17, 1791▌ 3.Stephen R. Bradley (A), from October 17, 1791▌ 2.Richard Henry Lee (A), until October 8, 1792▌ John Taylor of Caroline (A), from December 12, 1792▌ 1.James Monroe (A)Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 2nd Congress in March 1791. 2 Anti-Administration
1 Anti-Administration and 1 Pro-Administration
2 Pro-Administration
President pro temporeRichard Henry Lee
House of Representatives [ edit ] The names of representatives are preceded by their districts.
All representatives were elected statewide on ageneral ticket .
▌ At-large James Hillhouse (P)▌ At-large Amasa Learned (P)▌ At-large Jonathan Sturges (P)▌ At-large Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (P)▌ At-large Jeremiah Wadsworth (P)▌ At-large John Vining (P)All representatives were elected statewide from individual districts.
▌ 1 Anthony Wayne (A), until March 21, 1792 (seat declared vacant)▌ John Milledge (A), from November 22, 1792▌ 2 Abraham Baldwin (A)▌ 3 Francis Willis (A)▌ 1 Christopher Greenup (A), from November 9, 1792▌ 2 Alexander D. Orr (A), from November 8, 1792All representatives were elected statewide from individual districts.
▌ 1 Philip Key (P)▌ 2 Joshua Seney (A), until December 6, 1792▌ William Hindman (P), from January 30, 1793▌ 3 William Pinkney (P), until November 9, 1791▌ John F. Mercer (A), from February 6, 1792▌ 4 Samuel Sterett (A)▌ 5 William Vans Murray (P)▌ 6 Upton Sheredine (A)▌ 1 Fisher Ames (P)▌ 2 Benjamin Goodhue (P)▌ 3 Elbridge Gerry (A)▌ 4 Theodore Sedgwick (P)▌ 5 Shearjashub Bourne (P)▌ 6 George Leonard (P), from April 2, 1792 (late election)▌ 7 Artemas Ward (P)▌ 8 George Thatcher (P), from April 4, 1791 (late election)All representatives were elected statewide on ageneral ticket .
▌ At-large Nicholas Gilman (P)▌ At-large Samuel Livermore (P)▌ At-large Jeremiah Smith (P)All representatives were elected statewide on ageneral ticket .
▌ At-large Elias Boudinot (P)▌ At-large Abraham Clark (P)▌ At-large Jonathan Dayton (P)▌ At-large Aaron Kitchell (A)▌ 1 Thomas Tredwell (A), from October 24, 1791▌ 2 John Laurance (P)▌ 3 Egbert Benson (P)▌ 4 Cornelius C. Schoonmaker (A)▌ 5 Peter Silvester (P)▌ 6 James Gordon (P)There was a special redistricting for this Congress.
▌ 1 John Steele (P)▌ 2 Nathaniel Macon (A)▌ 3 John Baptista Ashe (A)▌ 4 Hugh Williamson (A)▌ 5 William Barry Grove (P)▌ 1 Thomas Fitzsimons (P)▌ 2 Frederick Muhlenberg (A)▌ 3 Israel Jacobs (P)▌ 4 Daniel Hiester (A)▌ 5 John Wilkes Kittera (P)▌ 6 Andrew Gregg (A)▌ 7 Thomas Hartley (P)▌ 8 William Findley (A)▌ At-large Benjamin Bourne (P)▌ 1 William L. Smith (P)▌ 2 Robert Barnwell (P)▌ 3 Daniel Huger (P)▌ 4 Thomas Sumter (A)▌ 5 Thomas Tudor Tucker (A)▌ 1 Israel Smith (A), from October 31, 1791▌ 2 Nathaniel Niles (A), from October 31, 1791▌ 1 Alexander White (P)▌ 2 John Brown (A), until June 1, 1792 (when his district became Kentucky)Vacant thereafter ▌ 3 Andrew Moore (A)▌ 4 Richard Bland Lee (P)▌ 5 James Madison (A)▌ 6 Abraham B. Venable (A)▌ 7 John Page (A)▌ 8 Josiah Parker (P)▌ 9 William B. Giles (A)▌ 10 Samuel Griffin (A)SpeakerJonathan Trumbull Jr.
There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[ 1]
Vermont andKentucky were newly admitted as states and are first represented in this Congress.
There were three resignations, one contested election, and four new seats of admitted states, resulting in a four-seat net gain of the Anti-Administration Senators.
Senate changes State Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ w] Pennsylvania Vacant Legislature failed to elect senator.elected February 28, 1793. Albert Gallatin (A)December 2, 1793 Connecticut William S. Johnson (P)Resigned March 4, 1791.elected June 13, 1791. Roger Sherman (P)June 13, 1791 Vermont New seat Vermont was admitted to the Union March 4, 1791.elected October 17, 1791. Stephen R. Bradley (A)November 4, 1791 Vermont Moses Robinson (A)November 4, 1791 Kentucky New seat Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792.elected June 18, 1792. John Edwards (A)June 18, 1792 Kentucky John Brown (A)June 18, 1792 Virginia Richard Henry Lee (A)Resigned October 8, 1792.elected October 18, 1792. John Taylor (A)October 18, 1792 Maryland Charles Carroll (P)Resigned November 30, 1792.elected January 10, 1793. Richard Potts (P)January 10, 1793
House of Representatives [ edit ] There were 3 resignations, 1 vacancy of a member-elect, 1 contested election, 2 late elections, and 4 new seats of admitted states, resulting in a 3-seat net gain of the Anti-Administration members and a 1-seat net gain of the Pro-Administration members.
House changes District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ w] Massachusetts 8th Vacant Due to failure to reach a majority, four ballots were needed to elect. Incumbent was elected late April 4, 1791. George Thatcher (P)April 4, 1791 New York 1st Vacant Representative-elect James Townsend died on May 24, 1790, before Congress assembled. Thomas Tredwell (A)October 24, 1791 Vermont 1st New seat Vermont was admitted to the Union on March 4, 1791. Israel Smith (A)October 24, 1791 Vermont 2nd Nathaniel Niles (A)October 24, 1791 Maryland 3rd William Pinkney (P)Resigned November 1791 John Francis Mercer (A)February 6, 1792 Massachusetts 6th Vacant Due to failure to reach a majority, eight ballots were needed to elect. Incumbent was elected late April 2, 1792. George Leonard (P)April 2, 1792 Virginia 2nd John Brown (A)Resigned June 1, 1792, to become U.S. Senator from Kentucky. Vacant Seat went withKentucky Kentucky 2nd New seat Kentucky was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1792. Alexander D. Orr (A)November 8, 1792 Kentucky 1st Christopher Greenup (A)November 9, 1792 Georgia 1st Anthony Wayne (A)Anthony Wayne served until March 21, 1792, when seat declared vacant because the election was contestedJohn Milledge (A)November 22, 1792 Maryland 2nd Joshua Seney (A)Resigned December 6, 1792. William Hindman (P)January 30, 1793
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
House of Representatives [ edit ] House of Representatives [ edit ] ^ Special session of the Senate. ^ InConnecticut :William Samuel Johnson resigned. ^ InConnecticut :Roger Sherman was elected to fill the vacancy created whenWilliam Samuel Johnson resigned. ^ InVermont : the state was admitted to the Union on March 4, 1791, and elected two Senators. ^ InKentucky : the state was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1792, and elected two Senators. ^ InVirginia :Richard Henry Lee resigned. ^ InVirginia :John Taylor was elected to fill the vacancy created whenRichard Henry Lee resigned. ^ InMaryland :Charles Carroll resigned. ^ InMaryland :Richard Potts was elected to fill the vacancy created whenCharles Carroll resigned. ^ InPennsylvania : the legislature, having failed to elect a Senator at the start of the Congress, did so now.Albert Gallatin was not actually seated until the next Congress. ^ InMassachusetts's 8th district George Thatcher was seated late after three runoff elections. ^ InNew York's 1st district James Townsend died before the Congress began, andThomas Tredwell was elected to fill the seat. In Vermont, two seats were added as the state joined the union. ^ InMaryland's 3rd district William Pinkney resigned. ^ InMaryland's 3rd district John Francis Mercer was elected to fill the vacancy created whenWilliam Pinkney resigned. ^ InGeorgia's 1st district Anthony Wayne had been elected in a contested election, and his seat was now declared vacant. ^ InMassachusetts's 6th district George Leonard was seated late after seven runoff elections. ^ When Kentucky entered the union, it received two seats. InVirginia's 2nd district John Brown resigned to become a Senator from Kentucky. the seat was not filled until the next Congress ^ InKentucky's 2nd district Alexander D. Orr was elected to the new seat. ^ InKentucky's 1st district Christopher Greenup was elected to the new seat. ^ InGeorgia's 1st district John Milledge was elected to the seat declared vacant because the previous election was contested. ^ InMaryland's 2nd district Joshua Seney resigned to become a judge. ^ InMaryland's 2nd district William Hindman was elected to fill the vacancy created whenJoshua Seney resigned. ^a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began. ^a b Martis, Kenneth C.The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress . Martis, Kenneth C. (1989).The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Martis, Kenneth C. (1982).The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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