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2C-N

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pharmaceutical compound
2C-N
Clinical data
Other names25N; 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitrophenethylamine; 4-Nitro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine
Routes of
administration
Oral[1]
Drug classSerotonin;5-HT2 receptoragonist;Serotonergic psychedelic;Hallucinogen
ATC code
  • None
Pharmacokinetic data
Onset of action≤30 minutes[1]
Duration of action4–6 hours[1]
Identifiers
  • 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-amine
CAS Number
PubChemCID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H14N2O4
Molar mass226.232 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • [O-][N+](=O)c1cc(OC)c(cc1OC)CCN
  • InChI=1S/C10H14N2O4/c1-15-9-6-8(12(13)14)10(16-2)5-7(9)3-4-11/h5-6H,3-4,11H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:ZMUSDZGRRJGRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

2C-N, also known as4-nitro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is apsychedelic drug of thephenethylamine and2C families.[1] It is takenorally.[1]

2C-N was firstsynthesized byAlexander Shulgin and was described in his 1991 bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).[1]

Use and effects

[edit]

In his bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved),Alexander Shulgin lists 2C-N's dose range as 100 to 150 mg or moreorally and aduration of 4 to 6 hours.[1][2] It has an estimated typical dose of about 120 mg orally.[2] Itsonset is within 30 minutes and peak effects occur after 1 hour.[1] The effects of 2C-N have been reported to include somevisual changes, similarities toMDMA,lightheadedness,eye wiggling, easier conversation, andimproved mood.[1] It was described as a "strange material, but okay".[1]

Interactions

[edit]
See also:Psychedelic drug § Interactions, andTrip killer § Serotonergic psychedelic antidotes

2C drugs like 2C-N are known to bemetabolized by themonoamine oxidase (MAO)enzymesMAO-A andMAO-B.[3][4]Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such asphenelzine,tranylcypromine,moclobemide, andselegiline may potentiate the effects of 2C drugs like 2C-N.[3][4][5] This may result inoverdose and serioustoxicity.[5][3]

Pharmacology

[edit]

Pharmacodynamics

[edit]
2C-N activities
TargetAffinity (Ki, nM)
5-HT1A1,450–2,200
5-HT1B>10,000
5-HT1D832
5-HT1E676
5-HT1FND
5-HT2A23.5–72.4 (Ki)
170 (EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration)
48% (EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy)
5-HT2B123 (Ki)
730 (EC50)
74% (
Emax)
5-HT2C162–370 (Ki)
ND (EC50)
ND (Emax)
5-HT3>10,000
5-HT4ND
5-HT5A>10,000
5-HT6251
5-HT7>10,000
α1A>15,000
α1B,α1D>10,000
α2A240–1,300
α2B2,240
α2C891
β1β3>10,000
D119,000
D26,100–>10,000
D320,000
D4,D5>10,000
H1>25,000
H2>10,000
H35,500
H4>10,000
M1M5>10,000
I1ND
σ1,σ2>10,000
ORs>10,000
TAAR1Tooltip Trace amine-associated receptor 1>20,000 (Ki) (mouse)
340 (Ki) (rat)
15,000 (EC50) (mouse)
250 (
EC50) (rat)
>10,000 (
EC50) (human)
28% (
Emax) (mouse)
59% (
Emax) (rat)
SERTTooltip Serotonin transporter32,000 (Ki)
154,000 (IC50Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration)
ND (EC50)
NETTooltip Norepinephrine transporter>30,000 (Ki)
287,000 (IC50)
ND (EC50)
DATTooltip Dopamine transporter>30,000 (Ki)
>900,000 (IC50)
ND (EC50)
MAO-ATooltip Monoamine oxidase AND (IC50)
MAO-BTooltip Monoamine oxidase B66,000 (IC50)
Notes: The smaller the value, the more avidly the drug binds to the site. All proteins are human unless otherwise specified.Refs:[6][7][8][9][10][11]

2C-N is a low-potencypartial agonist of theserotonin5-HT2A,5-HT2B, and5-HT2C receptors.[7][9][12]

Chemistry

[edit]

Properties

[edit]

Salts of 2C-N have a bright yellow to orange color due to the presence of thenitro group,[citation needed] unlike all other members of the 2C family in which the salts are white.

Synthesis

[edit]

Thechemical synthesis of 2C-N has been described.[1] It is synthesized by the mixed acid nitration of2C-H usingsulfuric acid andnitric acid.[1]

Analogues

[edit]

Analogues of 2C-N includeDON,2C-CN, and25N-NBOMe, among others.

History

[edit]

2C-N was first described in thescientific literature by at least 1991.[1]

Society and culture

[edit]

Legal status

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

As of October 31, 2016, 2C-N is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.[13]

United Kingdom

[edit]

2C-N and most (possibly all) other compounds featured in PiHKAL are illegal drugs in the United Kingdom.

United States

[edit]

In the United States, 2C-N is a Schedule 1 controlled substance.[14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghijklmShulgin, Alexander;Shulgin, Ann (September 1991).PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. Berkeley, California: Transform Press.ISBN 0-9630096-0-5.OCLC 25627628.2C-N Entry inPiHKAL
  2. ^abLuethi D, Liechti ME (October 2018)."Monoamine Transporter and Receptor Interaction Profiles in Vitro Predict Reported Human Doses of Novel Psychoactive Stimulants and Psychedelics".Int J Neuropsychopharmacol.21 (10):926–931.doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyy047.PMC 6165951.PMID 29850881.
  3. ^abcDean BV, Stellpflug SJ, Burnett AM, Engebretsen KM (June 2013)."2C or not 2C: phenethylamine designer drug review".J Med Toxicol.9 (2):172–178.doi:10.1007/s13181-013-0295-x.PMC 3657019.PMID 23494844.
  4. ^abTheobald DS, Maurer HH (January 2007). "Identification of monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in the deamination of phenethylamine-derived designer drugs (2C-series)".Biochem Pharmacol.73 (2):287–297.doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.022.PMID 17067556.
  5. ^abHalman A, Kong G, Sarris J, Perkins D (January 2024)."Drug-drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review".J Psychopharmacol.38 (1):3–18.doi:10.1177/02698811231211219.PMC 10851641.PMID 37982394.
  6. ^"Kᵢ Database".PDSP. 10 May 2025. Retrieved10 May 2025.
  7. ^abRickli A, Luethi D, Reinisch J, Buchy D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (December 2015)."Receptor interaction profiles of novel N-2-methoxybenzyl (NBOMe) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (2C drugs)"(PDF).Neuropharmacology.99:546–553.doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.034.PMID 26318099.
  8. ^Wallach J, Cao AB, Calkins MM, Heim AJ, Lanham JK, Bonniwell EM, Hennessey JJ, Bock HA, Anderson EI, Sherwood AM, Morris H, de Klein R, Klein AK, Cuccurazzu B, Gamrat J, Fannana T, Zauhar R, Halberstadt AL, McCorvy JD (December 2023)."Identification of 5-HT2A receptor signaling pathways associated with psychedelic potential".Nat Commun.14 (1) 8221.Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.8221W.doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44016-1.PMC 10724237.PMID 38102107.
  9. ^abMoya PR, Berg KA, Gutiérrez-Hernandez MA, Sáez-Briones P, Reyes-Parada M, Cassels BK, Clarke WP (June 2007). "Functional selectivity of hallucinogenic phenethylamine and phenylisopropylamine derivatives at human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptors".J Pharmacol Exp Ther.321 (3):1054–61.doi:10.1124/jpet.106.117507.PMID 17337633.
  10. ^Wagmann L, Brandt SD, Stratford A, Maurer HH, Meyer MR (February 2019)."Interactions of phenethylamine-derived psychoactive substances of the 2C-series with human monoamine oxidases"(PDF).Drug Test Anal.11 (2):318–324.doi:10.1002/dta.2494.PMID 30188017.
  11. ^Simmler LD, Buchy D, Chaboz S, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (April 2016)."In Vitro Characterization of Psychoactive Substances at Rat, Mouse, and Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1"(PDF).J Pharmacol Exp Ther.357 (1):134–144.doi:10.1124/jpet.115.229765.PMID 26791601. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 9 May 2025.
  12. ^Acuña-Castillo C, Villalobos C, Moya PR, Sáez P, Cassels BK, Huidobro-Toro JP (June 2002)."Differences in potency and efficacy of a series of phenylisopropylamine/phenylethylamine pairs at 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors".Br J Pharmacol.136 (4):510–519.doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704747.PMC 1573376.PMID 12055129.
  13. ^"Canada Gazette – Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (Part J — 2C-phenethylamines)". 4 May 2016.
  14. ^"Lists of: Scheduling Actions, Controlled Substances, Regulated Chemicals"(PDF).Diversion Control Division. Drug Enforcement Administration. April 2022.

External links

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