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2C-H

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pharmaceutical compound
2C-H
Clinical data
Other names2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine; 2,5-DMPEA; DMPEA-4; NCS-168525; 2C-DOH
ATC code
  • None
Pharmacokinetic data
Onset of actionUnknown[1]
Duration of actionUnknown[1]
Identifiers
  • 2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine
CAS Number
PubChemCID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.153.556Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H15NO2
Molar mass181.235 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point138 to 139 °C (280 to 282 °F) (hydrochloride)
  • COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)CCN
  • InChI=1S/C10H15NO2/c1-12-9-3-4-10(13-2)8(7-9)5-6-11/h3-4,7H,5-6,11H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:WNCUVUUEJZEATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

2C-H, also known as2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2,5-DMPEA) or asDMPEA-4, is achemical compound of thephenethylamine and2C families.[1] It is theparent compound of the 2C drugs, which are also known as 4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines.[1]

Use and effects

[edit]

There is no record of 2C-H trials in humans, as it would likely be destroyed bymonoamine oxidase enzymes before causing any significant psychoactive effects.[1] In his bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved),Alexander Shulgin lists both the dose andduration of 2C-H effects as unknown.[1]

Pharmacology

[edit]

Pharmacodynamics

[edit]
2C-H activities
TargetAffinity (Ki, nM)
5-HT1A70
5-HT1BND
5-HT1DND
5-HT1END
5-HT1FND
5-HT2A1,600–3,000 (Ki)
2,408–>10,000 (EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration)
17,800 (IC50Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration)
0–78% (EmaxTooltip maximal efficacy)
5-HT2B6,200 (EC50)
46% (
Emax)
5-HT2C4,100–5,520 (Ki)
1,175–3,967 (EC50)
76% (
Emax)
5-HT3ND
5-HT4ND
5-HT5AND
5-HT6ND
5-HT7ND
α1A7,900 (Ki)
11,000 (EC50)
α1B,α1DND
α2A1,000
α2B,α2CND
β1β3ND
D1>14,000
D29,000
D3>17,000
D4,D5ND
H1>25,000
TAAR1Tooltip Trace amine-associated receptor 111,000 (Ki) (mouse)
900 (Ki) (rat)
7,500 (EC50) (mouse)
1,500 (
EC50) (rat)
2,010–6,500 (
EC50) (human)
56% (
Emax) (mouse)
80% (
Emax) (rat)
53–69% (
Emax) (human)
SERTTooltip Serotonin transporter>30,000 (Ki)
311,000 (IC50)
ND (EC50)
NETTooltip Norepinephrine transporter>30,000 (Ki)
125,000 (IC50)
ND (EC50)
DATTooltip Dopamine transporter>30,000 (Ki)
857,000 (IC50)
ND (EC50)
MAO-ATooltip Monoamine oxidase AND (IC50)
MAO-BTooltip Monoamine oxidase B1,700 (IC50)
Notes: The smaller the value, the more avidly the drug binds to the site. All proteins are human unless otherwise specified.Refs:[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

2C-H acts as apartial agonist of theserotonin5-HT2A,5-HT2B, and5-HT2C receptors, albeit with far lowerpotency than other 2C drugs.[4][6][8][9] It also showsaffinity for the serotonin5-HT1A receptor, higher than that of any other 2C drug.[4] The drug exhibitsagonist activityin vitro at the humantrace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1).[15]

2C-H producesvisual andauditory changes in rodents, but is much lesspotent than other 2C drugs.[16] It also produceshypolocomotion at high doses similarly to other psychedelics, but failed to affectprepulse inhibition in contrast to other psychedelics.[16] The drug shows highly potent and fully efficaciousanti-inflammatory effects.[17][18][9]

Chemistry

[edit]

Synthesis

[edit]

Thechemical synthesis of 2C-H has been described.[1][19] It is used as aprecursor in the synthesis of otherphenethylamines such as2C-B,2C-I, and2C-N.[1]

Analogues and derivatives

[edit]

2C-H (2,5-DMPEA) is one of several possiblepositional isomers ofdimethoxyphenethylamine (DMPEA).[19]

2C-H is theparent compound of the2C series ofpsychedelic drugs, also known as 4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines.[1][19] These drugs include2C-B,2C-C,2C-D,2C-E, and2C-I, among others.[1][19]

TheN-methylderivative of 2C-H,N-methyl-2C-H, has reducedactivationalpotency andefficacy at theserotonin5-HT2A receptor compared to 2C-H.[6]

History

[edit]

2C-H was first synthesized in 1932 by Johannes S. Buck.[20]

Society and culture

[edit]

Legal status

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

As of October 31, 2016; 2C-H is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.[21]

United States

[edit]

As of July 9, 2012, 2C-H is aSchedule I controlled substance in theUnited States, under theSynthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012.[22] 2C-H's DEA Drug Code is 7517.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghijShulgin A,Shulgin A (September 1991).PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. Berkeley, California: Transform Press.ISBN 0-9630096-0-5.OCLC 25627628.2C-H Entry inPiHKAL
  2. ^"Kᵢ Database".PDSP. 16 March 2025. Retrieved16 March 2025.
  3. ^Liu T."BindingDB BDBM50026778 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine::2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine::CHEMBL287047".BindingDB. Retrieved16 March 2025.
  4. ^abcRickli A, Luethi D, Reinisch J, Buchy D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (December 2015)."Receptor interaction profiles of novel N-2-methoxybenzyl (NBOMe) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (2C drugs)"(PDF).Neuropharmacology.99:546–553.doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.034.PMID 26318099.
  5. ^Rudin D, Luethi D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (2022)."Structure-activity Relation of Halogenated 2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamines Compared to their α‑Desmethyl (2C) Analogues".The FASEB Journal.36 (S1) fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2121.doi:10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2121.ISSN 0892-6638.
  6. ^abcPottie E, Cannaert A, Stove CP (October 2020). "In vitro structure-activity relationship determination of 30 psychedelic new psychoactive substances by means of β-arrestin 2 recruitment to the serotonin 2A receptor".Archives of Toxicology.94 (10):3449–3460.Bibcode:2020ArTox..94.3449P.doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02836-w.hdl:1854/LU-8687071.PMID 32627074.
  7. ^Villalobos CA, Bull P, Sáez P, Cassels BK, Huidobro-Toro JP (April 2004)."4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) and structurally related phenylethylamines are potent 5-HT2A receptor antagonists in Xenopus laevis oocytes".British Journal of Pharmacology.141 (7):1167–1174.doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705722.PMC 1574890.PMID 15006903.
  8. ^abMoya PR, Berg KA, Gutiérrez-Hernandez MA, Sáez-Briones P, Reyes-Parada M, Cassels BK, et al. (June 2007). "Functional selectivity of hallucinogenic phenethylamine and phenylisopropylamine derivatives at human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C receptors".The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.321 (3):1054–1061.doi:10.1124/jpet.106.117507.PMID 17337633.
  9. ^abcFlanagan TW, Billac GB, Landry AN, Sebastian MN, Cormier SA, Nichols CD (April 2021)."Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Psychedelics in a Rat Model of Asthma Reveals the Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacophore".ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science.4 (2):488–502.doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00063.PMC 8033619.PMID 33860179.
  10. ^Dowd CS, Herrick-Davis K, Egan C, DuPre A, Smith C, Teitler M, et al. (August 2000)."1-[4-(3-Phenylalkyl)phenyl]-2-aminopropanes as 5-HT(2A) partial agonists".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.43 (16):3074–3084.doi:10.1021/jm9906062.PMID 10956215.
  11. ^DeMarinis RM, Bryan WM, Shah DH, Hieble JP, Pendleton RG (December 1981). "Alpha-adrenergic agents. 1. Direct-acting alpha 1 agonists related to methoxamine".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.24 (12):1432–1437.doi:10.1021/jm00144a012.PMID 6118438.
  12. ^Wagmann L, Brandt SD, Stratford A, Maurer HH, Meyer MR (February 2019). "Interactions of phenethylamine-derived psychoactive substances of the 2C-series with human monoamine oxidases".Drug Testing and Analysis.11 (2):318–324.doi:10.1002/dta.2494.PMID 30188017.
  13. ^Simmler LD, Buchy D, Chaboz S, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (April 2016)."In Vitro Characterization of Psychoactive Substances at Rat, Mouse, and Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1"(PDF).The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.357 (1):134–144.doi:10.1124/jpet.115.229765.PMID 26791601. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2025-05-09.
  14. ^Lewin AH, Navarro HA, Mascarella SW (August 2008)."Structure-activity correlations for beta-phenethylamines at human trace amine receptor 1".Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry.16 (15):7415–7423.doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.009.PMC 2601700.PMID 18602830.
  15. ^""PubChem"".
  16. ^abTirri M, Bilel S, Arfè R, Corli G, Marchetti B, Bernardi T, et al. (2022)."Effect of-NBOMe Compounds on Sensorimotor, Motor, and Prepulse Inhibition Responses in Mice in Comparison With the2C Analogs and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: From Preclinical Evidence to Forensic Implication in Driving Under the Influence of Drugs".Frontiers in Psychiatry.13 875722.doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.875722.PMC 9069068.PMID 35530025.
  17. ^Nichols CD (November 2022)."Psychedelics as potent anti-inflammatory therapeutics".Neuropharmacology.219 109232.doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109232.PMID 36007854.
  18. ^Flanagan TW, Nichols CD (2022). "Psychedelics and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Animal Models".Disruptive Psychopharmacology. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. Vol. 56. pp. 229–245.doi:10.1007/7854_2022_367.ISBN 978-3-031-12183-8.PMID 35546383.
  19. ^abcdShulgin A, Manning T, Daley P (2011).The Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds. Vol. 1. Berkeley:Transform Press.ISBN 978-0-9630096-3-0.
  20. ^Buck JS (1932). "Hydroxy- and Dihydroxyphenylethylmethylamines and their Ether".Journal of the Chemical Society.54 (9):3661–3665.doi:10.1021/ja01348a024.
  21. ^"Canada Gazette – Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (Part J — 2C-phenethylamines)". 4 May 2016.
  22. ^"Rules - 2013 - Establishment of Drug Codes for 26 Substances (SDAPA)". U.S. Department of Justice. Archived fromthe original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved22 July 2012.

External links

[edit]
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TAAR1Tooltip Trace amine-associated receptor 1
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TAAR5Tooltip Trace amine-associated receptor 5
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Notes: (1) TAAR1 activity of ligands varies significantly between species. Some agents that are TAAR1 ligands in some species are not in other species. This navbox includes all TAAR1 ligands regardless of species. (2) See the individual pages for references, as well as theList of trace amines,TAAR, andTAAR1 pages.
See also:Receptor/signaling modulators
Non-specific
AAADTooltip Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
MAOTooltip Monoamine oxidase
Phenethylamines
(dopamine,epinephrine,
norepinephrine)
PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase
THTooltip Tyrosine hydroxylase
DBHTooltip Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
PNMTTooltip Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
COMTTooltip Catechol-O-methyl transferase
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(serotonin,melatonin)
TPHTooltip Tryptophan hydroxylase
AANATTooltip Serotonin N-acetyl transferase
ASMTTooltip Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
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HDCTooltip Histidine decarboxylase
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