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| 28th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
27th ← → 29th | |
 United States Capitol (1846) | |
March 4, 1843 – March 4, 1845 | |
| Members | 54 senators 223 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Whig |
| Senate President | Vacant[a] |
| House majority | Democratic |
| House Speaker | John W. Jones (D) |
| Sessions | |
| 1st: December 4, 1843 – June 17, 1844 2nd: December 2, 1844 – March 3, 1845 | |
The28th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives. It met inWashington, D.C., from March 4, 1843, to March 4, 1845, during the third and fourth years ofJohn Tyler'spresidency. The apportionment of seats in thisHouse of Representatives was based on the1840 United States census. The Senate had aWhig majority, and the House had aDemocratic majority.
During this congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of Florida.
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) | Law and Order (LO) | Whig (W) | |||
| End ofprevious congress | 20 | 0 | 29 | 49 | 3 |
| Begin | 22 | 0 | 27 | 49 | 3 |
| End | 23 | 1 | 51 | ||
| Final voting share | 45.1% | 2.0% | 52.9% | ||
| Beginning ofnext congress | 26 | 0 | 24 | 50 | 4 |
Following the1840 United States census, Congress reapportioned the House to include 223 seats.[2] During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Florida.[3]
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) | Independent Democratic (ID) | Law and Order (LO) | Whig (W) | Independent Whig (IW) | Other | |||
| End ofprevious congress | 100 | 1 | 0 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 240 | 1 |
| Begin | 147 | 1 | 2 | 72 | 1 | 0 | 223 | 0 |
| End | 141 | 78 | 1 | |||||
| Final voting share | 63.2% | 0.4% | 0.9% | 35.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning ofnext congress | 138 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 6 | 222 | 2 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below areSenate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1844; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1848.
|
|  2 Democrats 1 Democrat and 1 Whig 2 Whigs |  Willie P. Mangum
|
Representatives are listed by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| State (class) | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[b] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tennessee (1) | Vacant | SenatorAlfred O. P. Nicholson (D) resigned in26th Congress. Successorelected October 17, 1843. | Ephraim H. Foster (W) | Elected October 17, 1843 |
| Tennessee (2) | Vacant | Failure to elect. Successor elected October 17, 1843. | Spencer Jarnagin (W) | Elected October 17, 1843 |
| Maine (1) | Vacant | SenatorReuel Williams (D) resigned in previous congress. Successor elected December 4, 1843. | John Fairfield (D) | Elected December 4, 1843 |
| Louisiana (3) | Alexander Porter (W) | Elected but, due to ill health, never took his seat. Incumbent died January 13, 1844. Successorelected February 12, 1844. | Henry Johnson (W) | Elected February 12, 1844 |
| Illinois (2) | Samuel McRoberts (D) | Died March 27, 1843. Successor appointed December 4, 1843, to continue the term until an election. Appointee was later elected, on an unknown date. | James Semple (D) | Seated December 4, 1843 |
| Missouri (3) | Lewis F. Linn (D) | Died October 3, 1843. Successor appointed October 14, 1843, to continue the term until an election. Appointee was later elected, on an unknown date in 1843. | David R. Atchison (D) | Seated October 14, 1843 |
| Rhode Island (1) | William Sprague (W) | Resigned January 17, 1844. Successorelected January 25, 1844. | John B. Francis (LO) | Seated January 25, 1844 |
| Alabama (2) | William R. King (D) | Resigned April 15, 1844, after being appointedU.S. Minister to France. Successor appointed April 22, 1844, to finish the term. | Dixon H. Lewis (D) | Seated April 22, 1844 |
| New York (1) | Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (W) | Resigned June 17, 1844, after being appointedGovernor of Wisconsin Territory. Successor was appointed November 30, 1945. Appointee was later elected January 18, 1845. | Daniel S. Dickinson (D) | Seated December 9, 1844 |
| Arkansas (2) | William S. Fulton (D) | Died August 15, 1844. Successor elected November 8, 1844. | Chester Ashley (D) | Seated November 8, 1844 |
| New York (3) | Silas Wright (D) | Resigned November 26, 1844, after being electedGovernor of New York. Successor appointed November 30, 1945. | Henry A. Foster (D) | Seated December 9, 1844 |
| New York (3) | Henry A. Foster (D) | Appointee was not nominated for election. Successor elected January 18, 1845. | John A. Dix (D) | Seated January 27, 1845 |
| South Carolina (2) | Daniel E. Huger (D) | Resigned March 3, 1845 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Florida (1) | New state: Florida admitted to the Union March 3, 1845. First Senator wasn't elected until the next Congress. | Vacant | Not filled this term | |
| Florida (2) | New state: Florida admitted to the Union March 3, 1845. First Senator wasn't elected until the next Congress. | Vacant | Not filled this term | |
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[b] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts 10th | Barker Burnell (W) | Died June 15, 1843 | Joseph Grinnell (W) | Seated December 7, 1843 |
| Georgia At-large | Mark A. Cooper (D) | Resigned June 26, 1843, to become candidate for Governor of Georgia | Alexander H. Stephens (W) | Seated October 2, 1843 |
| Georgia At-large | John B. Lamar (D) | Resigned July 29, 1843 | Absalom H. Chappell (W) | Seated October 2, 1843 |
| Georgia At-large | John Millen (D) | Died October 15, 1843 | Duncan L. Clinch (W) | Seated February 15, 1844 |
| Virginia 7th | Henry A. Wise (D) | Resigned February 12, 1844, after being appointedMinister to Brazil | Thomas H. Bayly (D) | Seated May 6, 1844 |
| Pennsylvania 21st | William Wilkens (D) | Resigned February 14, 1844, after being appointedUnited States Secretary of War | Cornelius Darragh (W) | Seated March 26, 1844 |
| Virginia 5th | Thomas W. Gilmer (D) | Resigned February 16, 1844, after being appointedUnited States Secretary of the Navy | William L. Goggin (W) | Seated April 25, 1844 |
| Pennsylvania 13th | Henry Frick (W) | Died March 1, 1844 | James Pollock (W) | Seated April 5, 1844 |
| Ohio 10th | Heman A. Moore (D) | Died April 3, 1844 | Alfred P. Stone (D) | Seated October 8, 1844 |
| Alabama 3rd | Dixon H. Lewis (D) | Resigned April 22, 1844, after being appointedUS Senator | William L. Yancey (D) | Seated December 2, 1844 |
| Louisiana 4th | Pierre Bossier (D) | Died April 24, 1844 | Isaac E. Morse (D) | Seated December 2, 1844 |
| New York 20th | Samuel Beardsley (D) | Resigned February 29, 1844, after being appointed associate judge ofNew York Supreme Court | Levi D. Carpenter (D) | Seated November 5, 1844 |
| Ohio 21st | Henry R. Brinkerhoff (D) | Died April 30, 1844 | Edward S. Hamlin (W) | Seated October 8, 1844 |
| Pennsylvania 12th | Almon H. Read (D) | Died June 3, 1844 | George Fuller (D) | Seated December 2, 1844 |
| Florida Territory at-large | David L. Yulee (D) | Seat was eliminated when Florida achieved statehood March 3, 1845 | ||
| Florida at-large | Florida was admitted to the Union on March 3, 1845 | Vacant | Not filled this term | |
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
| Committee | Chairman |
|---|---|
| Foreign Relations | William S. Archer (W-VA) |
| Finance | George Evans (W-ME) |
| Commerce | Jabez W. Huntington (W-CT) |
| Manufactures | James F. Simmons (W-RI) |
| Agriculture | William Upham (W-VT) |
| Military Affairs | John J. Crittenden (W-KY) |
| Militia | Alexander Barrow (W-LA) |
| Naval Affairs | Richard H. Bayard (W-DE) |
| Public Lands | William Woodbridge (W-MI) |
| Private Land Claims | John Henderson (W-MS) |
| Indian Affairs | Albert S. White (W-IN) |
| Claims | Ephraim H. Foster (W-TN) |
| Revolutionary Claims | Spencer Jarnagin (W-TN) |
| Judiciary | John M. Berrien (W-GA) |
| Post Office and Post Roads | William D. Merrick (W-MD) |
| Roads and Canals | Augustus S. Porter (W-MI) |
| Pensions | Isaac C. Bates (W-MA) |
| District of Columbia | Jacob W. Miller (W-NJ) |
| Patents and the Patent Office | Samuel S. Phelps (W-VT) |
| Retrenchment | James T. Morehead (W-KY) |
| Public Buildings | William L. Dayton (W-NJ) |
| Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate | Benjamin Tappan (W-OH) |
| Printing | James F. Simmons (W-RI) |
| Engrossed Bills | Benjamin Tappan (W-OH) |
| Committee | Chairman |
|---|---|
| Elections | Lucius Elmer (D-NJ) |
| Ways and Means | James I. McKay (D-NC) |
| Claims | Joseph Vance (W-OH) |
| Commerce | Isaac E. Holmes (D-SC) |
| Public Lands | John W. Davis (D-IN) |
| Post Office and Post Roads | George W. Hopkins (D-VA) |
| District of Columbia | John Campbell (D-SC) |
| Judiciary | William Wilkins (D-PA), until February 14, 1844 Romulus M. Saunders (D-NC), from February 14, 1844 |
| Revolutionary Claims | Richard D. Davis (D-NY) |
| Public Expenditures | James G. Clinton (D-NY) |
| Private Land Claims | Edward Cross (D-AR) |
| Manufacturers | Jacob Collamer (W-VT) |
| Agriculture | Edmund Deberry (D-NC) |
| Indian Affairs | Cave Johnson (D-TN) |
| Military Affairs | Hugh A. Haralson (D-GA) |
| Militia | Ezra Dean (D-OH) |
| Naval Affairs | Henry A. Wise (D-VA), until February 12, 1844 William Parmenter (D-MA), from February 12, 1844 |
| Foreign Affairs | Charles J. Ingersoll (D-PA) |
| Territories | Aaron V. Brown (D-TN) |
| Revolutionary Pensions | George O. Rathbun (D-NY), until 1844 David L. Seymour (D-NY), from 1844 |
| Invalid Pensions | Jacob Brinkerhoff (D-OH) |
| Roads and Canals | Robert D. Owen (D-IN) |
| Patents | Alexander Harper (D-OH) |
| Public Buildings and Grounds | Zadock Pratt (D-NY) |
| Revisals and Unfinished Business | Elisha R. Potter (LO-RI) |
| Expenditures in the Navy Department | Amasa Dana (D-NY) |
| Expenditures in the Post Office Department | Alexander Harper (W-OH) |
| Expenditures on the Public Buildings | Daniel P. King (W-MA) |
| Rules (select) | Henry A. Wise (D-VA) until February 12, 1844 John Quincy Adams (W-MA) from February 12, 1844 |
