| 25th G8 summit | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Host country | Germany |
| Dates | 18–20 June 1999 |
| Follows | 24th G8 summit |
| Precedes | 26th G8 summit |
The25thG8 Summit was held inCologne,Germany, on 18–20 June 1999. The venue for this summit meeting was theMuseum Ludwig in the central city.[1]
TheGroup of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada starting in 1976. The G8, meeting for the first time in 1997, was formed with the addition of Russia.[2] In addition, thepresident of the European Commission has been formally included in summits since 1981.[3] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's presidentValéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellorHelmut Schmidt as they conceived theinitial summit of theGroup of Six (G6) in 1975.[4]
The G8 summits since the late 1990s have inspired widespread debates, protests and demonstrations; and the two- or three-day event becomes more than the sum of its parts, elevating the participants, the issues and the venue as focal points for activist pressure.[5] In 1999, a globalCarnival Against Capital was organised byPeoples' Global Action. 4,000 people rioted in theCity of London.[6]
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[3]
The 25th G8 summit was the first summit forGerman chancellorGerhard Schröder and was the last summit forRussian presidentBoris Yeltsin. It was also the first and only summit forItalian prime ministerMassimo D'Alema andJapanese prime ministerKeizō Obuchi.
These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:[7][1][8]
Traditionally, the host country of the G8 summit sets the agenda for negotiations, which take place primarily amongst multi-national civil servants in the weeks before the summit itself, leading to a joint declaration which all countries can agree to sign.
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[4]
For some, the G8 summit became a profit-generating event; as for example, the officialG8 Summit magazines which have been published under the auspices of the host nations for distribution to all attendees since 1998.[9]
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