 Comet Schaumasse imaged on 29 December 2025 | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Alexandre Schaumasse |
| Discovery site | Nice, France |
| Discovery date | 1 December 1911 |
| Designations | |
| P/1911 X1, P/1919 U1 | |
| |
| Orbital characteristics[3] | |
| Epoch | 21 November 2025 (JD 2461000.5) |
| Observation arc | 66.52 years |
| Number of observations | 1,549 |
| Aphelion | 6.93 AU |
| Perihelion | 1.184 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 4.06 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.708 |
| Orbital period | 8.18 years |
| Inclination | 11.50° |
| 78.27° | |
| Argument of periapsis | 58.48° |
| Mean anomaly | 354.2° |
| Last perihelion | 16 November 2017 |
| Next perihelion | 8 January 2026[1][2][3] |
| TJupiter | 2.504 |
| EarthMOID | 0.267 AU |
| JupiterMOID | 0.457 AU |
| Physical characteristics[6] | |
Mean radius | 0.91 km (0.57 mi)[4] |
| Comet total magnitude (M1) | 14.6 |
| Comet nuclear magnitude (M2) | 15.6 |
| 10.5[5] (2025-12-19) | |
Comet Schaumasse is aJupiter-family comet with an 8.2-year orbit around theSun. It is the first of three comets discovered by French astronomer,Alexandre Schaumasse.[a]
By the end of 1912 it was recognised as a short period comet estimated to return in 7.1 years, later recalculated as 8 years.[7] The 1919 return was recovered byGaston Fayet (Paris, France) as magnitude 10.5.[7]
The 1927 approach was magnitude 12, but the comet was missed on the 1935 approach.[7] In 1937 it passed close toJupiter which increased itsorbital period slightly.[7] During the 1951-1952 apparition, the comet was brighter than expected, reaching a magnitude of about 6 in February.[7]
The comet was missed in 1968 and 1976.[7] It was speculated that the increase in brightness in 1952 indicated a problem that led to it vanishing. The comet during the 1984 apparition was recovered byJames B. Gibson (Palomar Observatory, California, USA).[8] Also in 1984 was reported thatElizabeth Roemer (Steward Observatory,Arizona, USA) had found a comet on a photograph from 27 December 1976.[7] Orbital calculations byBrian G. Marsden, confirmed the 1976 image featured Comet Schaumasse.[7][8]
The comet was not observed during the 2009 unfavorable apparition since theperihelion passage occurred when the comet was on the far side of the Sun. It passed within 0.025 AU (4 million km) of thedwarf planetCeres on 22 March 2010.[6] During the 2017 apparition the comet reached a magnitude of 10.[9]
On 25 October 2025, it passed about 1 degree fromJupiter. It came toperihelion on 8 January 2026[1] with asolar elongation of 94 degrees and brighten to about magnitude 9.[10]
| Date & time of closest approach | Earth distance (AU) | Sun distance (AU) | Velocity wrt Earth (km/s) | Velocity wrt Sun (km/s) | Uncertainty region (3-sigma) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-Jan-04 | 0.5933 AU (88.76 million km; 55.15 million mi; 230.9 LD) | 1.185 AU (177.3 million km; 110.2 million mi; 461 LD) | 18.9 | 35.8 | ± 100 km | Horizons |
Around 25 October 2100 it should pass about 0.17 AU (25 million km) fromMars.[11]
Initial light-curve analysis in 1994 byJames V. Scotti revealed that thenucleus of 24P/Schaumasse is estimated to be about 2.6 km (1.6 mi) in diameter.[12] Newer calculations in 2006, based on its nuclear magnitude (M2) and water production rate, revised this value to 1.82 km (1.13 mi).[4]
| Numbered comets | ||
|---|---|---|
| Previous 23P/Brorsen–Metcalf | 24P/Schaumasse | Next 25D/Neujmin |
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