| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | K. W. Kamper |
| Discovery site | Karl Schwarzschild Obs. |
| Discovery date | 15 August 1963 |
| Designations | |
| (2104) Toronto | |
Named after | University of Toronto[2] |
| 1963 PD · 1955 HW | |
| main-belt · (outer)[3] background[4] | |
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 61.93 yr (22,619 days) |
| Aphelion | 3.5735AU |
| Perihelion | 2.8031 AU |
| 3.1883 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1208 |
| 5.69yr (2,079 days) | |
| 359.45° | |
| 0° 10m 23.16s / day | |
| Inclination | 18.379° |
| 252.48° | |
| 291.78° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 26.96±0.60 km[5] 35.864±0.383 km[6] 35.874±0.503 km[7] 37.13±0.58 km[8] 61.04 km(calculated)[3] |
| 8.9669±0.0002h[9] 8.97±0.01 h[a] | |
| 0.057(assumed)[3] 0.099±0.004[8] 0.104±0.011[7] 0.1062±0.0280[6] 0.292±0.031[5] | |
| M[6] · C(assumed)[3] | |
| 9.66±0.36[10] · 9.80[1][3][5] · 10.30[6][8] | |
2104 Toronto, provisional designation1963 PD, is a metallic backgroundasteroid from the outer regions of theasteroid belt, approximately 36 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 August 1963, byKarl Kamper at theDavid Dunlap Observatory on plates taken bySidney van den Bergh at theKarl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Germany. The asteroid was named after theUniversity of Toronto. It was the first asteroid discovered at an observatory in Canada.[2][11]
Toronto is a non-family asteroid from the main belt'sbackground population.[4] It orbits the Sun in theouter main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,079 days;semi-major axis of 3.19 AU). Its orbit has aneccentricity of 0.12 and aninclination of 18° with respect to theecliptic.[1]
The body'sobservation arc begins with aprecovery taken atPalomar Observatory in August 1951, or 12 years prior to its official discovery observation at Tautenburg.[11]
Toronto has been characterized as a metallicM-type asteroid by theWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).[6] It is also an assumedC-type asteroid.[3]
Two rotationallightcurves of Toronto have been obtained from photometric observations (U=2+/3).[9][a] The consolidated lightcurve gave arotation period of 8.97 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.26 and 0.32magnitude.[3]
According to the surveys carried out by the JapaneseAkari satellite and theNEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope,Toronto measures between 26.96 and 37.13 kilometers in diameter and its surface has analbedo between 0.099 and 0.292.[5][6][7][8]
TheCollaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and consequently calculates a much larger diameter of 61.04 kilometers based on anabsolute magnitude of 9.8.[3]
Thisminor planet was named after theUniversity of Toronto which was celebrating itssesquicentennial at the time of its discovery. It was the first minor planet to be discovered at an observatory in Canada (despite the fact that the credited discovery site is located in Germany). The naming also emphasized the university's central role in the development of Canadian astronomy.[2][12] The officialnaming citation was published by theMinor Planet Center on 1 February 1979 (M.P.C. 4645).[13]
