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20 (number)

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"Twenty" redirects here. For other uses, see20.
Natural number
← 1920 21 →
Cardinaltwenty
Ordinal20th
(twentieth)
Numeral systemvigesimal
Factorization22 × 5
Divisors1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20
Greek numeralΚ´
Roman numeralXX,xx
Binary101002
Ternary2023
Senary326
Octal248
Duodecimal1812
Hexadecimal1416
ArmenianԻ
Hebrewכ / ך
Babylonian numeral
Egyptian hieroglyph𓎏

20 (twenty) is thenatural number following19 and preceding21. A group of twenty units is sometimes referred to as ascore.[1][2]

In mathematics

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Twenty is acomposite number. It is also the smallestprimitive abundant number.[3] TheHappy Family ofsporadic groups is made up of twentyfinite simple groups that are allsubquotients of thefriendly giant, the largest of twenty-six sporadic groups.

Geometry

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Anicosagon is a polygon with 20 edges.Bring's curve is aRiemann surface, whosefundamental polygon is a regular hyperbolic icosagon.[4]

Platonic solids

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Anicosahedron has twenty triangularfaces.

The largest number of faces aPlatonic solid can have is twenty faces, which make up a regularicosahedron.[5] Adodecahedron, on the other hand, has twenty vertices, likewise the most a regular polyhedron can have.[6] This is because the icosahedron and dodecahedron areduals of each other.

Other fields

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Science

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20 is the thirdmagic number in physics.

Biology

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In some countries, the number 20 is used as an index in measuringvisual acuity. 20/20 indicates normal vision at 20 feet, although it is commonly used to mean "perfect vision" in countries using theImperial system. (The metric equivalent is 6/6.) When someone is able to see only after an event how things turned out, that person is often said to have had "20/20 hindsight".[7]

Psychology

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In many disciplines ofdevelopmental psychology, adulthood starts at age 20.[8]

Culture

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Age 20

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The traditionalage of majority inJapan, although the voting age has been reduced to 18.[9] Japanese people commemorate the twentieth birthday with personal ceremonies, and it comes with a number of legal rights like the right to marry. To represent this, the Japanese language has a special word for "20-years-old" that does not follow the rest of their numbering system. Accordingly, the word 二十歳 is read all at once as "はたち" (hatachi) rather than the expected pronunciation of the three characters as "にじゅうさい" (nijyuusai, which is literally "two," "ten," and the counter for "years old").

Number systems

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20 is the basis forvigesimal number systems, used by several different civilizations in the past (and to this day), including theMaya.[10]

Indefinite number

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A 'score' is a group of twenty (often used in combination with acardinal number, e.g.fourscore to mean 80),[11] but also often used as a large,indefinite number[12] (e.g. the newspaper headline "Scores of Typhoon Survivors Flown to Manila").[13]

References

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  1. ^John H. Conway andRichard K. Guy,The Book of Numbers. New York: Copernicus (1996): 11. ""Score" is related to "share" and comes from the Old Norse "skor" meaning a "notch" or "tally" on a stick used for counting. ... Often people counted in 20s; every 20th notch was larger, so "score" also came to mean 20."
  2. ^"score | Origin and meaning of score by Online Etymology Dictionary".www.etymonline.com. Retrieved2020-08-16.
  3. ^"Sloane's A071395 : Primitive abundant numbers".The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved2016-05-31.
  4. ^Weber, Matthias (2005)."Kepler's small stellated dodecahedron as a Riemann surface"(PDF).Pacific Journal of Mathematics.220 (1): 172.doi:10.2140/pjm.2005.220.167.MR 2195068.S2CID 54518859.Zbl 1100.30036.
  5. ^Weisstein, Eric W."Icosahedron".mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved2020-08-16.
  6. ^Weisstein, Eric W."Dodecahedron".mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved2020-08-16.
  7. ^"Definition of 20/20".www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved2020-08-16.
  8. ^"Adulthood | Introduction to Psychology".lumenlearning.com.
  9. ^"Japan's Age of Majority Changed to 18 - Living the Japon.com".www.japan-experience.com. Retrieved19 March 2018.
  10. ^Weisstein, Eric W."Vigesimal".mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved2020-08-16.
  11. ^"Definition of SCORE".www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved2020-08-16.
  12. ^"Biblical Criticism",The Classical Journal36:71:83ff (March 1827)full text
  13. ^"CBS News",Scores of Typhoon Survivors Flown to Manila (November 2013)

External links

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Look uptwenty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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