 .png) .jpg) _(cropped).jpg) .jpg) Highlights from spaceflight in 2025[a] | |
| Orbital launches | |
|---|---|
| First | 4 January |
| Last | 30 December |
| Total | 330 |
| Successes | 317 |
| Failures | 13 |
| Partial failures | 0 |
| National firsts | |
| Satellite | |
| Space traveller | |
| Rockets | |
| Maiden flights | |
| Retirements |
|
| Crewed flights | |
| Orbital | 8 |
| Orbital travellers | 28 |
| Suborbital | 7 |
| Suborbital travellers | 42 |
| Total travellers | 70 |
| EVAs | 6 |
Spaceflight in 2025 followed the 2020s trend of record-breaking numbers of orbital launches with 317 successes and new developments in low-Earth orbit human spaceflight (Fram2,Cygnus XL,HTV-X). Spaceflight in 2025 included numerous private companies' launches using reusable launch vehicles (Falcon 9 and for the first time alsoNew Glenn). Three private robotic landers attempted landing on the Moon, resulting in one full (Blue Ghost M1) and one partial success (IM-2).
Among the year's highlights in Solar system science were launches and innovative operations of seven heliophysics and space weather missions by NASA, NOAA, and ESA (PUNCH,TRACERS,IMAP,SWFO-L1,Carruthers,PROBA-3, andSolar Orbiter). In 2025, humanity got the first close-up view of one new Solar system object, the main belt asteroidDonaldjohanson visited by the NASA probeLucy. CNSA launched theTianwen-2 asteroid sample return mission and NASA launched the twinESCAPADE spacecraft to study the atmosphere of Mars.
In March 2025,NASA launched two astronomy missions on a singleFalcon 9 flight tolow-Earth orbit.SPHEREx is aspace telescope designed to perform anall-sky survey to measure thenear-infrared spectra of hundreds of millions ofgalaxies.PUNCH is a constellation of foursmall satellites for observing theSun's corona.[1]
ESA'sPROBA-3 mission, launched in December 2024, successfully demonstrated preciseformation flying of aspace telescope spacecraft and an occulter spacecraft, delivering its firstcoronography pictures of theSun in June 2025.[2][3]
On 18 February,ESA'sSolar Orbiter left theorbital plane of thesolar system after successfully completing its 4thVenus flyby, tilting its orbit to 17°.[4][5][6] The mission's first images and videos of the Sun's south pole were taken in March and then released on 11 June. These are the first images of the Sun's poles taken from outside theecliptic plane.[7][8]
AstroForge's Brokkr-2 was launched on 27 February to perform a flyby of a near-Earth asteroid and determine if the asteroid is metallic.[9] The mission failed due to communication issues.[10][11]
China launched theTianwen-2 (ZhengHe) asteroid sample-return and comet probe on 28 May.[12] It will rendezvous with near-Earth asteroid469219 Kamo'oalewa in mid-2026, attempt to collect samples, and return samples back to Earth in late 2027. Then it will travel tomain-belt comet311P/PANSTARRS for a decade-long mission to further explore the mysterious comet-like object.[13]
On 10 September 2025, a paper was published inNature that discussed potentialbiosignatures in the Martian rockCheyava Falls discovered byNASA'sPerseverance rover in 2024.[14] According to NASA, these results are "the closest we have ever come to discoveringlife on Mars".[15][16]
NASA's twinESCAPADE spacecraft were launched on 13 November onNew Glenn with the aim of investigating the effects of thesolar wind on theMartian atmosphere.[17] The two spacecraft were launched on an innovative trajectory where they stay in a staging orbit around the Sun-EarthLagrange point L2 until late 2026 when theMars transfer window opens.[18]
Multiple American, Chinese, and European interplanetary spacecraft attempted observing the third known interstellar object3I/ATLAS, which had its closest approach to the Sun in 2025.[19][20][21][22] The observations byESA'sTrace Gas Orbiter were used to predict the object's path, resulting in a substantial increase in accuracy. This was the first time thatastrometric data from a spacecraft at another planet have been accepted in theMinor Planet Center's database.[23][24][25]
On 6 December,NASA lost contact with theMAVEN spacecraft orbiting Mars.[26][27][28]
On 15 January,Blue Ghost Mission 1 byFirefly Aerospace andHakuto-R Mission 2 byispace launched together on aFalcon 9.
Firefly Aerospace's lunar lander carried NASA-sponsored experiments and commercial payloads as a part ofCommercial Lunar Payload Services program toMare Crisium.[29] Landing was completed successfully on 2 March 2025.[30] The mission exceeded expectations by transmitting over 110 GB of scientific and imaging data, including high‐definition views of the lunar horizon glow and an eclipse, far surpassing previous CLPS mission data yields.[31]
Epic Aerospace's Chimera-1Space tug was planned to transition fromTLI toGeosynchronous but failed due to a possible communication failure.[32][33]
On 5 June,Hakuto-R Mission 2, carrying the RESILIENCE lunar lander and the TENACIOUSmicro rover, attempted a landing inMare Frigoris but crashed into the lunar surface.[34][35][36]
Intuitive Machines's lunar landerIM-2, carrying NASA-sponsored experiments and commercial rovers (Yaoki, AstroAnt, Micro-Nova, and MAPP LV1) and payloads as a part ofCommercial Lunar Payload Services program toMons Mouton, was launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 launch vehicle withBrokkr-2 andLunar Trailblazer. IM-2 landed on 6 March 2025. The spacecraft was intact after touchdown but resting on its side, thereby complicating its planned science and technology demonstration mission; this outcome is similar to what occurred with the company's IM-1 Odysseus spacecraft in 2024.[37]
NASA'sLunar Trailblazer aimed to aid in the understanding oflunar water and the Moon's water cycle. The mission failed as contact was never established with spacecraft after launch.[38]
On 30 January,Sunita Williams broke the world record for the most time spent on spacewalk by a woman when she accumulated 62 hours and 6 minutes on her ninth EVA. The record was previously held byPeggy Whitson with 60 hours and 21 minutes.[39]
On 1 April at 01:46 (UTC)[c],Fram2 launched aboard aSpaceXFalcon 9 rocket, becoming the firstcrewed spaceflight to enter apolarretrograde orbit,[40] i.e., to fly over Earth's poles.[41]
TheAxiom Mission 4 to theISS (25 June to 15 July), which debuted the newestCrew Dragon capsuleGrace, carried a four-person crew including commanderPeggy Whitson, pilotShubhanshu Shukla ofISRO, and mission specialistsSławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski, anESA project astronaut fromPoland, andTibor Kapu, representing theHungarian Space Office.[42] For India, this was the first human spaceflight mission under theGaganyyan program. For India, Poland, and Hungary, this was their second human spaceflight after their first astronauts participated in theInterkosmos program in the 1970s and 1980s.[43][44]
In September,Northrop Grumman debuted the newest version of its uncrewed resupply spacecraft,Cygnus XL, with increased payload capacity and pressurized volume.[45][46]
Japan debuted its new resupply spacecraft,HTV-X, that flew aboardH3 on 26 October 2025 (HTV-X1)[47] and successfully arrived atISS on 29 October 2025.[48]
The Chinese crewed spacecraftShenzhou 20 was expected to return to Earth in early November 2025 after the arrival of theShenzhou 21 crew to theTiangong space station. However, due to suspectedspace debris damage, the return of Shenzhou 20 has been delayed indefinitely, and the Shenzhou 20 crew returned to Earth on 14 November using the Shenzhou 21 spacecraft instead.[49] On 25 November, China launched theShenzhou 22 spacecraft without crew to serve as a replacement return craft for the Shenzhou 21 crew.[50]
The RussianSoyuz MS vehicle No. 759, planned for theSoyuz MS-28 mission, was damaged during testing.Roscosmos replaced it with the vehicle No. 753, previously intended for commercial missions which had been cancelled followingRussia's invasion of Ukraine.[51][52] During the launch ofSoyuz MS-28 toISS on 27 November,[53] theSite 31 launch complex at theBaikonur Cosmodrome, Russia's only launch site for flights to the ISS, sustained substantial damage.[54][55][56]
Following the reberthing ofCygnus NG-23 toUnity module on 1 December 2025, for the first time, all eightInternational Space Station docking ports were occupied. It was held onCanadarm2 away from its docking port on 24 November 2025, as its position would otherwise interfere with the approach corridor forSoyuz MS-28 at theRassvet nadir docking port. The space station currently hosts:SpaceXDragon 2s (Crew-11 andCRS-33),Northrop Grumman'sCygnus XL (NG-23),JAXA’sHTV-X1, Roscosmos'Soyuz MS (MS-27 andMS-28),Progress MS (MS-31 andMS-32) spacecrafts. Alongside all the three docking ports ofTiangong Space Station were occupied byShenzhou spacecraft (20 and22) andTianzhou 9 spacecrafts.[57][58]
Blue Origin completed the maiden flight of itsNew Glenn rocket on 16 January 2025. The second stage successfully placed its payload into orbit, while the first stage failed to land on the recovery ship offshore.[59] On its second flight on 13 November, the first stage "Never Tell Me The Odds" landed on theJacklyn drone ship, making it the first non-SpaceX orbital-class booster to successfully landpropulsively.[60]
Zhuque-3 became the first non-American launch vehicle to attempt recovery of its first stage booster when it launched on its maiden flight on December 3. An anomaly during its landing burn resulted in a crash landing.[61] A second attempt from a Chinese rocket was made on 23 December with the debut flight ofLong March 12A. While the launch itself was successful the booster failed to land.[62]
ISRO successfully completed the docking of twoSpaDeX satellites (SDX-01 & SDX-02) in the early hours of 16 January 2025.[63]Docking of two vehicles in space has previously only been achieved by the Soviet Union/Russia, United States,ESA, and China.
Kuiper Systems, Amazon's satellite internet subsidiary, has started initial launches. It plans a constellation of over 3,000 satellites. The launches will occur onAtlas V,Falcon 9,Vulcan Centaur,Ariane 6 andNew Glenn launch vehicles.[64]
Guowang, a Chinese satellite internetconstellation, has started regular launches.[65] A constellation of over 13,000 satellites in low-Earth orbit is expected by the project's end.[66]
NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), a joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual-frequencysynthetic aperture radar satellite that is used forremote sensing was launched on 30 July 2025. It is notable for being the first dual-bandradar imaging satellite.[67]
ESA launched four new missions for theEU's Earth observation programmeCopernicus. Theatmosphere-monitoringSentinel-4A andSentinel-5A launched in July and August aboard other European satellites in a two-missions-one-satellite approach,[68][69][70] while theradar missionsSentinel-1D andSentinel-6B launched as standalone spacecraft in November.[71][72] ESA also launched two newEarth observation satellite missions of itsFutureEO programme, the radar-equipped Earth Explorer 7Biomass for monitoringcarbon storage inforests[73] and a pair ofHydroGNSS satellites forGNSS reflectometry, the first Scout-type mission of the programme. Furthermore, the ESA-supported Earth observation constellationsAIX,HiVE, andIRIDE launched their first satellites in 2025.[74][75][76][77]
| Month | Total | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 22 | 21 | 1 | 0 |
| February | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 27 | 24 | 3 | 0 |
| April | 26 | 25 | 1 | 0 |
| May | 29 | 27 | 2 | 0 |
| June | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| July | 24 | 23 | 1 | 0 |
| August | 29 | 28 | 1 | 0 |
| September | 31 | 30 | 1 | 0 |
| October | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 |
| November | 31 | 30 | 1 | 0 |
| December | 40 | 38 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 330 | 317 | 13 | 0 |
| Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 January | BepiColombo | Sixthgravity assist at Mercury | Success |
| 13 February | Blue Ghost Mission 1 | Lunar orbit insertion | Success[78] |
| 14 February | Hakuto-R Mission 2 | Lunar flyby | This flyby placed the lander into a low-energy ballistic transfer orbit for capture into lunar orbit in mid-May.[79] |
| 18 February | Solar Orbiter | Fourthgravity assist atVenus | This flyby of Venus will increase the inclination of the spacecraft's orbit from about 7.7 to around 17 degrees.[80] |
| 1 March | Europa Clipper | Gravity assist at Mars | Success |
| 2 March | Blue Ghost Mission 1 | Lunar landing | Success Landing site is inMare Crisium nearMons Latreille, coordinates18°34′N61°49′E / 18.56°N 61.81°E /18.56; 61.81 |
| 3 March | IM-2Athena | Lunar orbit insertion | Success |
| 6 March | IM-2Athena | Lunar landing | Partial success; Lander tipped over after touchdown. Landing site is onMons Mouton, coordinates84°47′26″S29°11′45″E / 84.7906°S 29.1957°E /-84.7906; 29.1957) |
| 12 March | Hera | Gravity assist at Mars | Success Conducted observations and a flyby of the Martian moonDeimos |
| 22 March | Parker Solar Probe | 23rdperihelion | |
| 20 April | Lucy | Flyby of asteroid52246 Donaldjohanson | Success, target altitude 922 km |
| 6 May | Hakuto-R Mission 2 | Lunar orbit insertion | Success[81] |
| 10 May | Kosmos 482 descent stage | Earth entry and impact | The Blok L upper stage failed to deliver the spacecraft to a Venus transfer orbit, stranding Kosmos 482's descent stage in orbit for 53 years (other components entered as early as 1972). The stage's entry was monitored by Roscosmos, with the vehicle impacting theIndian Ocean west ofJakarta. |
| 5 June | Hakuto-R Mission 2 | Lunar landing | Landing targeted forMare Frigoris, landing failure |
| 19 June | Parker Solar Probe | 24thperihelion | |
| 31 August | JUICE | Gravity assist at Venus | Success[82] |
| 15 September | Parker Solar Probe | 25thperihelion | |
| 23 September | OSIRIS-APEX | Gravity assist at Earth | Success, target altitude 3442 km[83][84] |
| 6 November | Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion module | Lunar Flyby | Success, target altitude of 3,740 km from lunar surface, spacecraft outside communication range.[85][86] |
| 11 November | Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion module | Lunar Flyby | Success, target altitude of 4,537 km from lunar surface, conducted engineering and scientific tests as well as an orbit change manoeuvre.[85][86] |
| 12 December | Parker Solar Probe | 26thperihelion |
| Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 January 13:01 | 6 hours | 19:01 | Expedition 72 ISSQuest | Hague and Williams ventured outside and replaced the Rate Gyro Assembly Gyroscope 2 on the S0 Truss, replaced the retro reflectors onIDA 3, installed shields onNICER to patch holes in the light shades, relocated the C2V2 cables out of the way so the astronauts andCanadarm 2 could access the worksite, tested a tool on theAMS jumpers, and photographed the AMS jumpers so they can be de-mated on a future spacewalk. As part of a get-ahead task, they inspected an ammonia vent line onUnity and inspected a foot restraint located near theZ1 Radio Antenna. This spacewalk was originally supposed to be performed byAndreas Mogensen andLoral O'Hara duringExpedition 70, but it was delayed indefinitely due to a radiator leak onNauka.[87] | |||||
| 20 January 08:55 | 8 hours, 17 minutes | 17:12 | Shenzhou 19 TSSWentian | Tasks included installation of space debris protection devices and inspections of the exterior of theTSS.[88] | |||||
| 30 January 12:43 | 5 hours, 26 minutes | 18:09 | Expedition 72 ISSQuest | Wilmore and Williams successfully removed a faulty radio communications unit, although the time needed for this meant that other tasks that were scheduled for the spacewalk weren't accomplished. Williams broke the record for the woman to have spent the most on EVA, with a total of 62 hours and 6 minutes.[39] | |||||
| 1 May 13:05 | 5 hours, 44 minutes | 18:49 | Expedition 73 ISSQuest | McClain and Ayers relocated a communications antenna, installed a mounting bracket for a futureRoll Out Solar Array, installed a jumper cable to provide power from theP6 truss to theRussian Orbital Segment and removed bolts from a micrometeoroid cover.[89] | |||||
| 22 May 00:50 | 7 hours, 59 minutes | 08:49 | Shenzhou 20 TSSTianhe | Tasks included installation of more space debris protection devices and inspections of the exterior, fixing damages to theTSS. First Chinese EVA from core module since transitioning into application and development phase. | |||||
| 26 June 07:00 | 6 hours, 29 minutes | 13:29 | Shenzhou 20 TSSWentian | Tasks included installation of more space debris protection devices and inspections of the exterior, fixing damages to theTSS. They added foot restraints and EVA interface adapters on portable work platform for future EVAs.[90] | |||||
| 15 August 04:17 | 6 hours, 30 minutes | 10:47 | Shenzhou 20 TSSWentian | Tasks included completing installation of debris protection devices and auxiliary extravehicular facilities, and inspecting and maintaining external equipment.[91] | |||||
| 25 September 11:30 | 6 hours, 35 minutes | 17:35 | Shenzhou 20 TSSWentian | Tasks included completing installation of debris protection devices for the space station and inspecting external equipment and facilities. It marked the first time that two members of China's third batch of taikonauts jointly carried out an EVA. So far, the Shenzhou-20 crew has completed four EVAs, making them one of the Chinese crews with the most extravehicular missions.[92] | |||||
| 16 October 17:10 | 6 hours, 9 minutes | 23:19 | Expedition 73 ISSPoisk | Ryzhikov and Zubritsky ventured out and installed the Ekran-M payload onto theNauka Module frame, jettisoned some cameras and a mounting platform, and cleaned the windows on theZvezda Service Module. As getahead task they removedSKK panel 3 andBiorisk container 2 and brought them inside.[93] | |||||
| 28 October 14:18 | 6 hours, 54 minutes | 21:12 | Expedition 73 ISSPoisk | Ryzhikov and Zubritsky ventured out and installed the IPI plasma injector onto theNauka Module, relocated theERA control panel, cleaned the Nauka science window, and replaced a cassette in the Ekran-M payload which was installed on the last spacewalk. The original task to jettison some hardware on theZvezda Service Module and some window cleaning equipment will be moved to the next spacewalk to prevent debris strikes on theHTV-X, which is on final approach.[94] | |||||
| 9 December 02:28 | 8 hours, 17 minutes | 10:45 | Shenzhou 21 TSSWentian | Tasks included inspecting and photographing the window of theShenzhou 20reentry capsule, installing space debris protection devices outside theTianhe core module, and replacing the multi-layer cover of the temperature control adapter.[95] | |||||
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For a launch attempt to be considered orbital it must be trying to achieve a positiveperigee. Launches from the Moon are not included in the statistics.
| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
 China | 93 | 90 | 3 | 0 | |
 France | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
 Germany | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
 India | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
 Iran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
 Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
 Italy | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
 Japan | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
 Russia | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | |
 South Korea | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
 United States | 198 | 194 | 4 | 0 | |
| World | 330 | 317 | 13 | 0 | |
| Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Angara | Russia | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ariane | France | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas | United States | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ceres | China | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
| Electron | United States | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | |
| Eris | Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Falcon | United States | 165 | 165 | 0 | 0 | |
| Gravity | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-series | Japan | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| HANBIT-Nano | South Korea | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Hyperbola | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| ILV | India | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| Jielong | China | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kinetica | China | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou | China | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Long March | China | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | |
| Minotaur | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Glenn | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Nuri | South Korea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| R-7 | Russia | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Shavit | Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Spectrum | Germany | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Starship | United States | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |
| Vega C | Italy | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vulcan | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zhuque | China | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Zuljanah | Iran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Unclear whether it was an orbital or suborbital attempt.[96] |
| Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha | United States | Alpha | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Angara-1.2 | Russia | Angara | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Angara A5 | Russia | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ariane 6 | France | Ariane | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas V | United States | Atlas | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ceres-1 | China | Ceres | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
| Electron | United States | Electron | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | |
| Eris-1 | Australia | Eris | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Falcon 9 | United States | Falcon | 165 | 165 | 0 | 0 | |
| GSLV | India | ILV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Gravity-1 | China | Gravity | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIA | Japan | H-series | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
| H3 | Japan | H-series | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| HANBIT-Nano | South Korea | HANBIT-Nano | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Hyperbola-1 | China | Hyperbola | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Jielong 3 | China | Jielong | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kinetica 1 | China | Kinetica | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou 1 | China | Kuaizhou | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou 11 | China | Kuaizhou | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2 | China | Long March | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3 | China | Long March | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4 | China | Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 5 | China | Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 6 | China | Long March | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7 | China | Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 8 | China | Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 11 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 12 | China | Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| LVM3 | India | ILV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Minotaur IV | United States | Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Glenn | United States | New Glenn | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Nuri | South Korea | Nuri | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV | India | ILV | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Shavit 2 | Israel | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2 | Russia | R-7 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Spectrum | Germany | Spectrum | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Starship | United States | Starship | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |
| Vega C | Italy | Vega | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vulcan Centaur | United States | Vulcan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zhuque-2 | China | Zhuque | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Zhuque-3 | China | Zhuque | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zuljanah | Iran | Zuljanah | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Unclear whether it was an orbital or suborbital attempt.[96] |
| Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha | United States | Alpha | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Angara-1.2 | Russia | Angara-1.2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Angara A5 /Briz-M | Russia | Angara A5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ariane 62 | France | Ariane 6 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas V 551 | United States | Atlas V | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ceres-1 | China | Ceres-1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| Ceres-1S | China | Ceres-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Electron | United States | Electron | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | |
| Eris-1 | Australia | Eris-1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Falcon 9 Block 5 | United States | Falcon 9 | 165 | 165 | 0 | 0 | |
| GSLV Mk II | India | GSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Gravity-1 | China | Gravity-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIA 202 | Japan | H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
| H3-22S | Japan | H3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| H3-24W | Japan | H3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| HANBIT-Nano | South Korea | HANBIT-Nano | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Hyperbola-1 | China | Hyperbola | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Jielong 3 | China | Jielong 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kinetica 1 | China | Kinetica 1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou 1A | China | Kuaizhou 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou 1A Pro | China | Kuaizhou 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou 11 | China | Kuaizhou 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2C | China | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2C /YZ-1S | China | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2D | China | Long March 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2F/G | China | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3B/E | China | Long March 3 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3C/E | China | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3C/E /YZ-1 | China | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4B | China | Long March 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4C | China | Long March 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 5 | China | Long March 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 5B /YZ-2 | China | Long March 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 6 | China | Long March 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 6A | China | Long March 6 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7 | China | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7A | China | Long March 7 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 8 | China | Long March 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 8A | China | Long March 8 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Long March 11H | China | Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 12 | China | Long March 12 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 12A | China | Long March 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| LVM3 | India | LVM 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Minotaur IV | United States | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Glenn 7×2 | United States | New Glenn | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Nuri | South Korea | Nuri | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV-XL | India | PSLV | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Shavit 2 | Israel | Shavit 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1a | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1b | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1b /Fregat-M | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz 2.1v /Volga | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
| Spectrum | Germany | Spectrum | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Starship Block 2 | United States | Starship | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Vega C | Italy | Vega C | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vulcan Centaur VC4S | United States | Vulcan Centaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Zhuque-2E | China | Zhuque-2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Zhuque-3 | China | Zhuque-3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zuljanah | Iran | Zuljanah | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Unclear whether it was an orbital or suborbital attempt.[96] |
| Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcântara |  Brazil | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Andøya |  Norway | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First orbital launch |
| Baikonur |  Kazakhstan | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Bowen | Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First launch |
| Cape Canaveral | United States | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | |
| Jiuquan | China | 34 | 31 | 3 | 0 | |
| Kennedy | United States | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kourou | France | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Māhia |  New Zealand | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | |
| MARS | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Naro | South Korea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Palmachim | Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Plesetsk | Russia | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
| Satish Dhawan | India | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| Semnan | Iran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Starbase | United States | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |
| Taiyuan | China | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tanegashima | Japan | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Vandenberg | United States | 66 | 65 | 1 | 0 | |
| Vostochny | Russia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Wenchang | China | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | |
| Xichang | China | 19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | |
| Yellow Sea | China | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 330 | 317 | 13 | 0 | ||
| Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transatmospheric | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |
| Low Earth /Sun-synchronous | 278 | 269 | 9 | 0 | Including flights toISS andTiangong (CSS) |
| Geosynchronous /Tundra /GTO | 34 | 33 | 1 | 0 | |
| Medium Earth /Molniya | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| High Earth /Lunar transfer | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Heliocentric orbit /Planetary transfer | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 330 | 317 | 13 | 0 |
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted. This includes suborbital flights for all purposes, including scientific and military application.
| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Canada | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Iran | 697[d] | 697 | 0 | 0 | |
| Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
 Netherlands | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Zealand | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
 North Korea | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
 Taiwan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| United States | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | |
 Yemen | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| World | 736 | 735 | 1 | 0 | |
| Rocket | Origin | Organization | Reusable | Launch | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Glenn 7×2 |  United States | Blue Origin | First stage | 16 January | Success | [97] |
| Starship Block 2 | United States | SpaceX | First stage | 16 January | Failure[e] | [98] |
| Long March 8A | China | China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology | N/a | 11 February | Success | [99][100] |
| Spectrum | Germany | Isar Aerospace | N/a | 30 March | Failure | [101] |
| Eris Block 1 | Australia | Gilmour Space Technologies | N/a | 29 July | Failure | [102] |
| Vulcan Centaur VC4S | United States | ULA | N/a | 13 August | Success | [103] |
| H3-24W | Japan | JAXA/MHI | N/a | 26 October | Success | [104] |
| Zhuque-3 | China | LandSpace | First stage | 3 December | Success | [105] |
| HANBIT-Nano | South Korea | Innospace | N/a | 23 December | Failure | [106] |
| Long March 12A | China | Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology | First stage | 23 December | Success | [107] |
