The2024 Summer Olympics (French:Les Jeux Olympiques d'été de 2024), officially theGames of the XXXIII Olympiad (French:Jeux de la XXXIIIe olympiade de l'ère moderne) and branded asParis 2024, were an internationalmulti-sport event held from 26 July to 11 August 2024 inFrance, with several events started from 24 July.Paris was the host city, with events (mainlyfootball) held in 16 additional cities spread acrossmetropolitan France, including thesailing centre in the second-largest city of France,Marseille, on theMediterranean Sea, as well as one subsite forsurfing inTahiti, French Polynesia.[4]
Paris was awarded the Games at the131st IOC Session inLima, Peru, on 13 September 2017. After multiple withdrawals that left onlyParis andLos Angeles in contention, theInternational Olympic Committee (IOC) approved a process to concurrently award the 2024 and2028 Summer Olympics to the two remaining candidate cities; both bids were praised for their high technical plans and innovative ways to use a record-breaking number of existing and temporary facilities. Having previously hosted in1900 and1924, Paris became the second city ever to host theSummer Olympics three times (afterLondon, which hosted the games in1908,1948, and2012).[5][6] Paris 2024 marked thecentenary of the 1924 games and the1924 Winter Olympics inChamonix (the firstWinter Olympics), as well as the sixth Olympic Games hosted by France (three Summer Olympics and three Winter Olympics) and the first with this distinction since the1992 Winter Games inAlbertville. The Summer Games returned to the traditional four-yearOlympiad cycle, after the2020 edition was postponed to 2021 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.
Paris 2024 featured the debut ofbreaking as anOlympic sport,[7] and was the final Olympic Games held during theIOC presidency ofThomas Bach.[8] The 2024 Games were expected to cost €9 billion.[9][10][11] Theopening ceremony was held outside of a stadium for the first time in modern Olympic history, being outdoors in the Paris's downtown and with as athletes were paraded by boat along theSeine. Paris 2024 was the first Olympics in history to reach full gender parity on the field of play, with equal numbers of male and female athletes.[12]
TheUnited States topped themedal table for the fourth consecutive Summer Games and19th time overall, with 40 gold and 126 total medals.[13]China tied with the United States on gold (40), but finished second due to having fewer silvers; the nation won 91 medals overall. This is the first time a gold medal tie among the two most successful nations has occurred in Summer Olympic history.[14]Japan finished third with 20 gold medals and sixth in the overall medal count.Australia finished fourth with 18 gold medals and fifth in the overall medal count. The host nation,France, finished fifth with 16 gold and 64 total medals, and fourth in the overall medal count.Dominica,Saint Lucia,Cape Verde andAlbania won their first-ever Olympic medals, the former two both being gold, withBotswana andGuatemala also winning their first-ever gold medals. TheRefugee Olympic Team also won their first-ever medal, a bronze in boxing.
Despitesome controversies throughout relating to politics, logistics and conditions in the Olympic Village, the games were considered a success by the press, Parisians and observers upon its conclusion.[a] The Paris Olympics broke all-time records for ticket sales, with more than 9.5 million tickets sold (12.1 million including theParalympic Games).[15]
The Olympic rings on theEiffel Tower in 2024 during the Games.
Having previously hosted the 1900 and 1924 Games, Paris did not attempt to host the Olympics again until it bid, unsuccessfully, for the1992 Games which were awarded toBarcelona. Subsequent bids for the2008 and2012 Games were also unsuccessful, as they were awarded toBeijing andLondon, respectively. Undeterred, Paris decided to bid once more for the 2024 edition, which would mark the centenary of its last Games.
The six candidate cities wereParis,Hamburg,Boston,Budapest,Rome, andLos Angeles. The bidding process was slowed by withdrawals, political uncertainty, and rising costs. Boston surpassed Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Washington, DC, for the official U.S. bid. On 27 July 2015, Boston and theUSOC mutually agreed to terminate Boston's bid to host the Games, partly because of mixed feelings among city residents. Hamburg withdrew its bid on 29 November 2015 after holding areferendum.[16] Rome withdrew on 21 September 2016, citing fiscal difficulties.[17] Budapest withdrew on 22 February 2017, after a petition against the bid collected more signatures than necessary for a referendum.[18][19][20]
Following these withdrawals, the IOC Executive Board met on 9 June 2017 inLausanne, Switzerland, to discuss the 2024 and 2028 bid processes.[21][22] TheInternational Olympic Committee formally proposed electing the 2024 and 2028 Olympic host cities at the same time, a proposal which an Extraordinary IOC Session approved on 11 July 2017 in Lausanne.[22] The IOC set up a process whereby the LA 2024 and Paris 2024 bid committees met with the IOC to discuss which city would host the Games in 2024 and 2028 and whether it was possible to select the host cities for both at the same time.[23]
Following the decision to award the two Games simultaneously, Paris was understood to be the preferred host for 2024. On 31 July 2017, the IOC announced Los Angeles as the sole candidate for 2028,[24][25] enabling Paris to be confirmed as host for 2024. Both decisions were ratified at the131st IOC Session on 13 September 2017.[26]
The basketball preliminaries and handball finals were held inLille, 225 km (140 mi) from the host city, Paris; the sailing and some of the football games were held in the Mediterranean city ofMarseille, which is 777 km (483 mi) from Paris; meanwhile, the surfing events were held inTeahupo'o village in the overseas territory ofTahiti,French Polynesia, which is 15,716 km (9,765 mi) from Paris. Football was also hosted in an additional five cities:Bordeaux,Décines-Charpieu (Lyon),Nantes,Nice andSaint-Étienne, some of which are home toLigue 1 clubs.
Medals from the Games, with a piece of theEiffel Tower
The president of the Paris 2024 Olympic Organizing Committee, Tony Estanguet, unveiled theOlympic and Paralympic medals for the Games in February 2024, which on the obverse featured embedded hexagon-shaped tokens of scrap iron that had been taken from the original construction of theEiffel Tower, with the logo of the Games engraved into it.[41] Approximately 5,084 medals would be produced by the FrenchmintMonnaie de Paris, and were designed byChaumet, a luxury jewellery firm based in Paris.[42]
The reverse of the medals featuresNike, the Greek goddess of victory, inside thePanathenaic Stadium which hosted thefirst modern Olympics in 1896. Parthenon and the Eiffel Tower can also be seen in the background on both sides of the medal.[43] Each medal weighs 455–529 g (16–19 oz), has a diameter of 85 mm (3.3 in) and is 9.2 mm (0.36 in) thick.[44] The gold medals are made with 98.8 percent silver and 1.13 percent gold, while the bronze medals are made up with copper, zinc, and tin.[45]
France reached an agreement withEuropol and theUK Home Office to help strengthen security and "facilitate operational information exchange and international law enforcement cooperation" during the Games.[46] The agreement included a plan to deploy more drones and sea barriers to prevent small boats from crossingthe Channel illegally.[47] TheBritish Army would also provide support by deployingStarstreak surface-to-air missile units for air security.[48] To prepare for the Games, the Paris police held inspections and rehearsals in their bomb disposal unit, similar to their preparations for the2023 Rugby World Cup at theStade de France.[49]
As part of a visit to France byQatari EmirSheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, several agreements were signed betweenthe two nations to enhance security for the Olympics.[50] In preparation for the significant security demands andcounterterrorism measures,Poland pledged to contribute security troops, including sniffer dog handlers, to support international efforts aimed at ensuring the safety of the Games.[51][52] The Qatari Minister of Interior and Commander of Lekhwiya (the Qatari security forces) convened a meeting on 3 April 2024 to discuss security operations ahead of the Olympics, with officials and security leaders in attendance, includingNasser Al-Khelaifi and Sheikh Jassim bin Mansour Al Thani.[53] A week before the opening ceremony, the Lekhwiya were reported to have been deployed in Paris on 16 July 2024.[54]
Security concerns impacted the plans that had been announced for the opening ceremony, which was to take place as a public event along theSeine; the expected attendance was reduced by half from an estimated 600,000 to 300,000, with plans for free viewing locations now being by invitation only. In April 2024, afterIslamic State claimed responsibility for theCrocus City Hall attack in March, and made several threats against theUEFA Champions League quarter-finals, French presidentEmmanuel Macron indicated that the opening ceremony could be scaled back or re-located if necessary.[91][92][93] French authorities had placed roughly 75,000 police and military officials on the streets of Paris in the lead-up to the Games.[94]
Following the end of the Games, the national counterterrorism prosecutor, Olivier Christen, revealed that French authorities foiled three terror plots meant to attack the Olympic and Paralympic Games, resulting in the arrest of five suspects.[95]
To reduce the environmental impact and climate footprint of the Paris 2024 Games,[96] the Olympic venues served twice as muchplant-based food as was available inLondon in 2012 andRio in 2016.[97]Vegan chicken nuggets andvegan hot dogs were served in place of the meat-based variety.[98] Venues for spectators served on average two-thirds plant-based meals. ThePlace de la Concorde, the venue that hosted the skateboarding, breakdancing and BMX events, only served plant-based food. The football stadiums served 40% plant-based food. About 30% of the meals served to athletes in the Olympic Village were plant-based.[99]
A prior estimate of 13 million meals will be served at the Games;[96] with around 40,000 meals each day, 1,200 of those will beMichelin-starred.[98] Each day, aboulangerie will bake freshbaguettes and otherbreads.[100] A 3,500-seat restaurant was constructed for the Games to highlight global cuisine. Great Britain's team asked for porridge to be added to the menu, and South Korea's team asked forkimchi.[98]
Throughout the Games, various athletes and competitors at theOlympic Village complained about certain foods within the accommodation such as eggs and grilled meats not being available in sufficient quantity.[101][102] British athletes also reportedly complained about raw meat being served and the food issues led many of them to begin to avoid the Olympic Village dining facilities and to eat elsewhere; the British Olympic Association having flown in chefs to take care of the nourishment of British athletes at a location outside the Olympic Village.[102][103][104][105]
In the lead-up to the Games, it was announced that the Olympic Village would lackair conditioning; as an environmental measure, the buildings would instead use ageothermalnatural cooling system to keep the inside temperature 6 °C (11 °F) cooler than outside.[106] On learning this, many teams opted to supply their own air-conditioning units to the Games, including Canada, Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Japan, and the US.[107] Olympic delegations from poorer countries, such as Uganda, complained that they could not afford to provide air conditioning for their athletes.[108]
Over €500 million was invested in transport improvements for the Games,[109] with extensions to theParis Métro and 60 kilometres (37 mi) of new cycle lanes.[110][111] Visitors to Paris paid higher public transport fares during the Games, €4 instead of the previous €2.15 price. This paid for the increased frequency and hours of service for public transport during the Games, with an average increase of 15% in services.[109][112] As with previous Games, 185 kilometres (115 mi) of reserved traffic lanes was used to ensure reliable journey times for athletes, officials and the media.[113]
The Paris 2024 volunteer platform for the Olympic and Paralympic Games was opened to the public in March 2023. There were expected to be 45,000 volunteers recruited worldwide for the Games.[114] Following the end of registration on 3 May 2023, over 300,000 applications had been submitted to the Paris Organising Committee, exceeding the number of applicants for the previous two Olympics.[115] Applicants were notified of the outcome of their application between September and December 2023.[116] Over 800 applicants were excluded over security fears, among which 15 were flagged withFiche S.[117]
The opening ceremony began at 19:30CEST (17:30GMT) on 26 July 2024.[124] Directed byThomas Jolly,[125][126][127] it was the first Summer Olympics opening ceremony to be held outside the traditional stadium setting (and the second ever after the2018 Youth Olympic Games one, held atPlaza de la República inBuenos Aires); theparade of athletes was conducted as aboat parade along theSeine fromPont d'Austerlitz toPont d'Iéna, and cultural segments took place at various landmarks along the route.[128] Jolly stated that the ceremony would highlight notable moments in thehistory of France, with an overall theme of love and "shared humanity".[128] The athletes then attended the official protocol atJardins du Trocadéro, in front of theEiffel Tower.[129] Approximately 326,000 tickets were sold for viewing locations along the Seine, 222,000 of which were distributed primarily to the Games' volunteers, youth and low-income families, among others.[130]
Controversy ensued at the opening ceremony whena segment was interpreted by some as a parody of theLast Supper. The organisers apologised for any offence caused.[137] The Olympic World Library and fact-checkers would later debunk the interpretation that the segment was a parody of the Last Supper. TheOlympic flag was also raised upside down.[138][139]
During the day of the opening ceremony, there were reports of a blackout in Paris, although this was later debunked.[140]
The programme of the 2024 Summer Olympics featured 329 events in 32 sports, encompassing a total of 48 disciplines.[141] This included the 28 "core" Olympic sports contested in 2016 and 2020,[142] and 4 optional sports that were proposed by the Paris Organising Committee:breakdancing made its Olympic debut as an optional sport, whileskateboarding,sport climbing, andsurfing returned to the programme, having debuted at the2020 Summer Olympics.[143][144][145] Four events were dropped from weightlifting. In canoeing, two sprint events were replaced with two slalom events, keeping the overall event total at 16. In sport climbing, the previous "combined" event was divided into two separate disciplines:speed climbing, andboulder-and-lead.[146]
When Paris was bidding for the Games in August 2017, the Paris Organising Committee announced an intention to hold talks with the IOC and professionalesports organisations about the possibility of introducing competitive esports events in 2024.[147][148] In July 2018, the IOC confirmed that esports would not be considered for the 2024 Olympics.[144] At the134th IOC Session in June 2019, the IOC approved the Paris Organising Committee's proposed optional sports ofbreaking (breakdance), along withskateboarding,sport climbing, andsurfing, three sports that were first included in 2020.[149][143][144][145]
In the 2024 Paris Olympics, several new events and formats have been introduced.Formula Kite made its debut, described as the "Formula One of the Olympics", featuring high-speed foil racing with separate events for men and women.[150] Kayak cross also debuted, where four athletes race against each other on a course with multiple gates, marking the first head-to-head race in Olympic canoe slalom history. Sport climbing returned with a new format, splitting into bouldering and lead combined events in addition to a speed event. 3x3 basketball, which debuted in Tokyo, was back with finals scheduled for August 5 at Place de La Concorde. Changes in other sports included the introduction of men's participation in artistic swimming, a new women's weight class in boxing, and the addition of a marathon race walk mixed relay in track and field.[151]
In addition to the Medalist Celebrations and the protocolar parts of the Opening Ceremonies, the Champions Park also received some medal reallocation ceremonies from previous Olympics dating back as far as2000. Due to new IOC rules and protocols, one specific medal awarding ceremony was held in this venuefigure skating team event from the2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. It had been the first Olympic medal ceremony to be delayed afterKamila Valieva from original gold medalist Russia was reported and then confirmed to have tested positive in 2021 fortrimetazidine. In January 2024, theCourt of Arbitration for Sport disqualified Valieva for four years retroactive to 25 December 2021 for an anti-doping rule violation, and theInternational Skating Union subsequently subtracted Valieva's scores, which upgraded the United States and Japan to gold and silver respectively.Under the IOC's new Medal Reallocation Rules, the IOC, the ISU, and the National Olympic Committees for both the United States and Japan coordinated this medal ceremony.There was thus trail maintenance used during Beijing 2022. However, both delegations for weather reasons were wearing their Paris 2024 uniforms.The Beijing 2022 soundtrack was still used for the medal ceremony, but both teams wore Paris 2024 national uniforms and it was the first medal ceremony from the 2022 Winter Olympics to have a full crowd, as there had been reduced audiences in 2022 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[152][153][154][155][156][157]
The closing ceremony was held atStade de France on 11 August 2024, and thus marked the first time in any Olympic edition sinceSarajevo 1984 that opening and closing ceremonies were held in different locations.[127] Titled "Records", the ceremony was themed around adystopian future, where the Olympic Games have disappeared, and a group of aliens reinvent it. It featured more than a hundred performers, including acrobats, dancers and circus artists.[158]During the handover ceremonies,the American actorTom Cruise also appeared with American performersRed Hot Chili Peppers,Billie Eilish,Snoop Dogg, andH.E.R. during theLA28 Handover Celebration portion of the ceremony.[159][160] The Antwerp Ceremony, in which the Olympic flag was handed toLos Angeles, the host city of the2028 Summer Olympics, was produced byBen Winston and his studioFulwell 73.[161]
In the following calendar for the 2024 Summer Olympics, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport were held. On the left, the calendar lists each sport with events held during the Games, and at the right how many gold medals were won in that sport. There is a key at the top of the calendar to aid the reader.[170]
The emblem for the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics was unveiled on 21 October 2019 at theGrand Rex. Inspired byArt Deco,[177][178] it is a representation ofMarianne, thenational personification of France, with a flame formed innegative space by her hair. The emblem also resembles a gold medal. Tony Estanguet explained that the emblem symbolised "the power and the magic of the Games", and the Games being "for people". The use of a female figure also serves as an homage to the1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, which were the first toallow women to participate.[179] The emblem was designed by the French designer Sylvain Boyer[177] with the French design agenciesRoyalties & Ecobranding.[180][181][177]
The emblem for Paris 2024 was considered the biggest new logo release of 2019 by many design magazines.[177][182] An Opinion Way survey showed that 83 per cent of French people say they liked the new Paris 2024 Games emblem. Approval ratings were high, with 82 per cent of those surveyed finding it aesthetically appealing and 78 per cent finding it to be creative.[183] It was met with some mockery on social media, one user commenting that the logo "would be better suited to a dating site or a hair salon".[179]
For the first time, the corresponding Paralympics shared the same emblem as the Olympics, with no difference bar the governing bodies' logo, reflecting a shared "ambition" between both events.[184]
On 14 November 2022, the Phryges were unveiled as the mascots of the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics; they are a pair of anthropomorphicPhrygian caps, a historic French symbol of freedom and liberty.[185][186]Marianne is commonly depicted wearing the Phrygian cap, including in theEugène Delacroix painting,Liberty Leading the People.[187][188] The two mascots share a motto of "Alone we go faster, but together we go further".[189]
Official poster of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games on display at the Parc urbain de la Concorde
TheOlympic poster for these games was revealed on 4 March 2024. Designed by Ugo Gattoni, the poster uses a diptych design, with one half representing the Olympics and the other half representing the Paralympics. For the first time in Summer Games history, the Olympic poster and Paralympic poster were designed together, as each one can work independently as halves, or be combined into one poster all together. The posters took 2,000 hours, across six months to complete.[194][195]
A TGM Research survey found thatCoca-Cola was globally the most connected brand with the 2024 Olympics, with 23% of people mentioning it.Nike came in second with 16%, despite not being an official sponsor of the Olympic Games.[196]
Belgian beverage companyAB InBev became the first Worldwide Olympic Partner during the Games,[197] while three companies will not renew their sponsorships after 2024; automobile manufacturerToyota, reportedly unhappy with how the IOC has used its sponsorship money, arguing that it is not effectively used to support athletes or promote sport;[198][199]Panasonic, under continuous management considerations regarding sponsorship, with the company also looking to expand its businesses outside consumer electronics;[200][201] andBridgestone, with the company instead wanting to strengthen its motorsports division.[202][203]
Under an agreement as "Premium" sponsor reportedly valued at €150million ($163million), French luxury goods conglomerateLVMH has been involved in aspects of the Games, with its brandLouis Vuitton having provided the trunks used to store the Olympic torch and medals, and the outfits and trays for medal presenters. Former IOC marketing headMichael Payne raised concerns that the prominent use of LVMH goods as part of the Olympics (and in particular, the opening ceremony, which also featured the aforementioned items as props, and performersAya Nakamura andLady Gaga wearingDiorhaute couture) could cause conflicts with other official sponsors, noting that "the direction of stylish sponsor product placement may not be wrong but needs exceptionally careful management. LVMH got a massive free global ad last night and other partners are all going to be asking, how did that work?"[204][205]
In France, domestic rights to the 2024 Summer Olympics are owned byWarner Bros. Discovery (formerlyDiscovery Inc.) viaEurosport, with free-to-air coverage sublicensed to the country's public broadcasterFrance Télévisions.[214] WBD networks will broadcast fromHôtel Raphael, with dedicated studios for its British, French, Polish, and Nordic channels.[215]
The official Olympics website offers both live-streaming and recent recordings of the events in selected markets, particularly in Brazil, Russia (due to Russian broadcasters pulling out), and the Indian subcontinent.[216]
Several controversial issues occurred related to the 2024 Summer Olympics, including environmental and security concerns,[217][218] human rights,[219] terrorism,[220] and controversies overallowing Israel to participate amidst theIsrael–Hamas war,[221][222] and allowing Russian and Belarusian athletes to compete as neutrals amidst theRussian invasion of Ukraine.[223][224] While there is nominally anOlympic Truce in place as is usual, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Israel–Hamas war set a more conflicted political background to the 2024 Summer Olympics, before considering domestic and sporting issues.[225]
The artistic director of the ceremony,Thomas Jolly, the ceremony’s creative team, and many art historians later confirmed that the performance was unrelated to Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper. Jolly additionally later stated, "The idea was instead to have a grand pagan festival connected to the gods of Olympus, Olympism".[229][230][231][232][233]
The Olympic World Library would later publish a media guide (written before the ceremony) describing it as being a homage to cultural festivities.[234] According to Georgian fact checking website Myth Detector, many experts had pointed out the differences betweenThe Last Supper fresco and the performance.[235]
The performance, however, also received praise from others for "celebrating queer visibility and LGBTQ+ inclusivity", according to American magazineCosmopolitan.[236] Among those who expressed appreciation for the segment were American actressJodie Sweetin, as well asLe Filip, a Croatian-French drag queen who won thethird season ofDrag Race France.[237]
^Lucki Zalcman, Fernanda (23 July 2024)."ONDE ASSISTIR AOS JOGOS OLÍMPICOS PARIS 2024 NO BRASIL" [WHERE WATCH THE 2024 GAMES IN BRAZIL].Olympics.com.Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved8 August 2024.Os Jogos Olímpicos Paris 2024 têm transmissão ao vivo pelo Olympics.com. Serão horas de conteúdos transmitidos em tempo real para que os fãs não percam nenhuma emoção. [The Paris 2024 Olympic Games will be broadcast live on Olympics.com, with hours of content streamed in real time so that fans don't miss any of the excitement.]
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