Joe Biden was elected president of the United States after defeatingRepublican nomineeDonald Trump in2020. While Biden had repeatedly expressed his intent to run for re-election since 2021, there was speculation in the first two years of his presidency that he might not seek re-election due to his age and low approval ratings.[2][3] After Democrats outperformed expectations in the2022 midterm elections, many believed the chances that Biden would run for and win his party's nomination had increased,[4] and on April 25, 2023, Biden announced that he would run for re-election.[5] On July 21, 2024, Bidensuspended his re-election campaign.[6]
Several candidates had challenged Biden in the primary election. AuthorMarianne Williamson declared her candidacy in March 2023, which was followed by attorney and conspiracy theorist[7]Robert F. Kennedy Jr. in April[8] and RepresentativeDean Phillips in October.[9] Kennedy withdrew from the Democratic primaries in October 2023 torun as anindependent candidate.[10]Cenk Uygur, a founder ofThe Young Turks,[11] announced a campaign in October 2023 despite not being eligible for the presidency.[12]
Despite no incumbent president ever having participated in a primary season debate,[13] a June 2023 poll byUSA Today andSuffolk University found that 8 in 10 Democratic voters wanted to see Biden debate the other Democratic candidates. Among Biden supporters, 72% said they would like to see him debate in the primaries with other Democratic candidates.[14] The Democratic National Committee expressed no support for hosting any official primary debates.[1] Williamson criticized this decision as "rigging"[13] and "candidate suppression."[15]
The first debate was hosted byNew England College on January 8, 2024.[16] A second event (described as both a debate and a forum), hosted byDan Abrams onNewsNation, took place on January 12, 2024.[17]
Debates featuring at least two major candidates are included in the following table.
To qualify, candidates needed to be registered on theNew Hampshire primary ballot and poll at more than five percent.[20] As Biden did not file for the New Hampshire primary ballot in deference toDemocratic National Committee (DNC) rules changing the primary calendar,[b][22] he was not invited to the debate, and instead gave a campaign speech in South Carolina discussingwhite supremacy and attacking Republican frontrunnerDonald Trump.[23]
The two candidates spent most of the debate attacking Biden and the DNC, rather than each other.[24] At one point, the moderator had to interject to get the candidates to draw contrasts with each other on stage.[25] Both candidates criticized several state Democratic parties for actions taken to make it more difficult for them to get on the ballot. Both candidates also indicated support for student debt cancellation and opposition toremoving Donald Trump from the ballot.[24] Phillips invoked Biden's poll numbers to try to argue that he would be unable to defeat Trump in a general election. Williamson criticized Phillips for not supportingMedicare for All until two months after he had started his campaign and not taking any action on it in Congress, and described focusing on Trump as a distraction.[25]
Reactions to the debate were mixed.Politico described it as a dud,[25] while many attendees surveyed byUSA Today said they liked what they heard.[26] Both newspapers agreed that the debate would likely be inconsequential to the primary.
On January 12, 2024,NewsNation recorded a forum inNew York City, New York[27] featuring Williamson, Phillips and Uygur. Biden was invited but did not attend. The discussion was moderated byDan Abrams and aired on his show that night.[28] The event was described as both a forum, debate, and discussion, but candidates were allowed to respond to one another.[29]
On January 18, 2024,Free & Equal Elections Foundation hosted a debate at Chelsea Television Studios inNew York City.[30] The debate was originally planned to be held in Los Angeles.Christina Tobin moderated the debate.[31]All candidates registered for the ballot "in at least four states" were invited: Biden, Phillips, Williamson, Uygur, Gabriel Cornejo, Stephen Lyons,Jason Palmer, and Frank Lozada.[31] However, only the latter four candidates chose to participate.[32]
Phillips and Williamson were part of a forum held at the Artisan Hotel in Tuscan Village,Salem, New Hampshire. It was hosted by theRotary Club and the Southern New Hampshire Chamber of Commerce.[35]
2024 U.S. presidential election