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All 150 seats in theChamber of Representatives 76 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 88.45% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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 Belgium portal |
Federal elections were held inBelgium on 9 June 2024.[1] TheChamber of Representatives received 150 members with five-year terms.European andregional elections took placeon the same day.[2]
After alengthy government formation spanning 494 days, the 2019 Belgian federal election eventually resulted in the formation of a government led by prime ministerAlexander De Croo, consisting of a so-calledVivaldi coalition. The government replaced a government led by Sophie Wilmès, which was a caretaker minority government with emergency plenary powers given by the opposition to deal with theCOVID-19outbreak in Belgium.[3]
The 150 members of theChamber of Representatives are elected in 11 multi-memberconstituencies, being the tenprovinces and Brussels, with between 4 and 24 seats.[4] Seats are allocated using theD'Hondt method, with anelectoral threshold of 5% per constituency.[5]
The 87 representatives elected from the fiveFlemish Region provinces,Antwerp (24),East Flanders (20),Flemish Brabant (15),Limburg (12) andWest Flanders (16), automatically belonged to the Dutch-speaking language group in parliament, whereas those 47 elected from the five provinces ofWallonia,Hainaut (17),Liège (14),Luxembourg (4),Namur (7) andWalloon Brabant (5), formed the French-speaking language group. The 16 members elected inBrussels can choose to join either group. Apportionment of seats is done every ten years in accordance with population data, last by royal order in 2022, when Brussels and Namur each gained a seat while Hainaut and Liège lost a seat.[6]
The 60-memberSenate is composed of 50 representatives from the regional and community parliaments, plus 10 co-opted senators proportionally divided among parties based on the result of the federal election.[4]
All Belgian citizens aged 18 or over areobligated to participate in the election. Non-Belgian citizens residing in Belgium (regardless of EU citizenship) cannot vote, whereas Belgian citizens living abroad can register to vote.[7]
Prior to the elections, Belgium lowered the voting age to 16.[8] The initial implementation of this change allowed for 16 and 17 years olds to participate in elections, but only after requesting and receiving the approval of their local governments.[9] However, the Belgian Constitutional Court ruled that these restrictions were unconstitutional and they were struck down.[9] In March 2024, the court would go on to rule that compulsory voting rules would be upheld for 16 and 17 year olds, meaning they could be sanctioned if they failed to vote.[10]
Voting is done electronically in all 19 Brussels and nine German-speaking municipalities, as well as in 159 Flemish municipalities. Voting is done by paper ballot in 141 Flemish municipalities as well as in all 253 (non-German-speaking) Walloon municipalities.[5]
| 9 February | Start of the "waiting period" (sperperiode) running until the day of the election, during which political propaganda and expenses are strictly regulated |
| 1 April | Theelectoral roll is fixed by municipal authorities and available for scrutiny[7] |
| 13 April | Deadline for submitting candidate lists[11] |
| TBD | TheParliament is formally dissolved |
| 25 May | Final day for the official announcement of the election and the convocation letter to voters[7] |
| 5 June | Polling day for Belgians residing abroad in the embassies and consular posts[7] |
| 9 June | Polling day (from 8am until 2pm, or until 4pm where voting is done electronically) |
| 10 July | Constitutive session of the newly elected Chamber of Representatives |
The following parties running had seats in the Chamber of Representatives prior to the elections.
| Party | Ideology | Political position | Constituency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blanco Party | Single-issue | Centrism | Flemish and Walloon |
| Belgische Unie – Union Belge | Royalism | Centrism | Flemish and Walloon |
| L'Unie | Unitarism | Centrism | Flemish and Walloon |
| Alternatief 2024 | Participatory democracy | Centrism | Only inFlemish Brabant |
| BoerBurgerBelangen | Agrarianism | Centre-right | Flemish |
| DierAnimal | Animal welfare | Centre-left | Antwerp |
| Gezond Verstand | Liberalism Anti-Flemish independence | Centre-right | East Flanders |
| Volt | Social liberalism | Centre-left | All |
| VoorU | Liberalism | Right | Flemish |
| Collectif Citoyen | Participatory democracy | Centre | Walloon |
| Chez Nous | Anti-immigration | Far-right | Walloon |
| Team Fouad Ahidar | Minority interests | Centre | Brussels |
| Agora | Participatory democracy | Centre | Walloon |
| Lutte Ouvrière | Trotskyism | Far-left | Walloon |
The following candidates are the first on the respective party list (lijsttrekker /tête de liste) per constituency.
| Party | Antwerp | East Flanders | Flemish Brabant | Limburg | West Flanders | Brussels | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD&V[12] | Annelies Verlinden | Vincent Van Peteghem | Sammy Mahdi | Nawal Farih | Nathalie Muylle | Together withLes Engagés | |
| Groen[12] | Meyrem Almaci | Petra De Sutter | Dieter Van Besien [nl] | Dirk Opsteyn | Matti Vandemaele [nl] | Together withEcolo | |
| N-VA[12] | Bart De Wever | Anneleen Van Bossuyt | Theo Francken | Steven Vandeput | Jean-Marie Dedecker | Toby De Backer | |
| Open Vld[12] | Paul Van Tigchelt | Alexander De Croo | Irina De Knop | Steven Coenegrachts | Vincent Van Quickenborne | Together withMR | |
| PVDA[12] | Peter Mertens | Robin Tonniau | Kemal Bilmez | Kim De Witte | Natalie Eggermont | Together withPTB | |
| Vlaams Belang[12] | Lode Vereeck | Barbara Pas | Britt Huybrechts | Annick Ponthier | Wouter Vermeersch | Jan Verleysen | |
| Vooruit[12] | Jinnih Beels | Joris Vandenbroucke | Frank Vandenbroucke | Funda Oru | Melissa Depraetere | Together withPS | |
| Volt[13] | Jasper Coosemans | Emeric Massaut | |||||
| VoorU[12] | Frank Wouters | Michael Verstraeten | Els Ampe [nl] | Dirk Vijnck [nl] | Ivan Sabbe [nl] | Rachid El Hajui | |
| l'Unie | Alexandra Bernaert | Charles de Groot | |||||
Hainaut will feature three party chairmen (Bouchez for MR, Magnette for PS and Nollet for Ecolo) as well as popular ex-MR ex-minister Crucke for Les Engagés. In Namur, three federal deputy prime ministers will run against each other (Dermagne for PS, Gilkinet for Ecolo and Clarinval for MR).[14] The right-wing Flemish nationalistN-VA party is also fielding candidates in Wallonia for the first time.[15]
| Party | Hainaut | Liège | Luxembourg | Namur | Walloon Brabant | Brussels | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DéFI[12] | Mikhaël Jacquemain | Freddy Debarsy | Didier Serteyn | Julien Lemoine | Pierre Pinte | François De Smet [fr] | |
| Ecolo[12] | Jean-Marc Nollet [fr] | Sarah Schlitz | Olivier Vajda [fr] | Georges Gilkinet | Simon Moutquin [fr] | Zakia Khattabi | |
| Les Engagés[12] | Jean-Luc Crucke | Vanessa Matz | Benoît Lutgen | Maxime Prévot | Yves Coppieters | Elisabeth Degryse | |
| MR[12] | Georges-Louis Bouchez | Pierre-Yves Jeholet | Benoît Piedboeuf | David Clarinval | Florence Reuter | Sophie Wilmès | |
| PS[12] | Paul Magnette | Frédéric Daerden | Philippe Courard | Pierre-Yves Dermagne | Dimitri Legasse | Caroline Désir | |
| PTB[12] | Sofie Merckx | Raoul Hedebouw | Farah Jacquet | Amaury Laridon | Nabil Boukili | ||
| N-VA[16][12] | Michel De Wolf [fr] | Evelien Barbieux | Anne-Laure Mouligneaux | Laurence Genot | Drieu Godefridi [nl] | Toby De Backer | |
| Chez Nous | Jérôme Munier | Noa Pozzi | Nicolas Dielman | Eric Doucet | Michaël Lefèvere | ||
| l'Unie | Andrew Scrivener | Charles de Groot | |||||
The following members of the federal parliament are not standing for election in June 2024.
In the run up to the 2024 Belgian federal election, various organisations carried outopinion polling to gauge voting intentions inBelgium. The date range for these polls were from a few months after the2019 Belgian federal election,[23] held on 25 May 2019, to shortly before the 2024 Belgian federal election.[24] The results of nationwide polls were usually numerically split into the threeBelgian regions:Flanders,Brussels andWallonia.[25][26] The federal election was part of agroup of elections which also included theregional elections and theEuropean elections.[27] Some polls might have undefined voting intentions without differentiating between the elections.[citation needed]
Analysis of social media by researchers at the University of Antwerpen found that much of the political discourse amongst the public surrounded economic issues.[28] While education, migration and social issues were also discussed, economic concerns constituted the vast majority of online discourse.[28] Research in party communication also showed a regional divide in focal issues.[29] Both right-wing Flemish parties campaigned primarily on economic policy, along with attention to migration and crime.[29] Polling prior to the election seemed to indicate that far-right separatist party Vlaams Blok (VB) could unseat the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) as the majority party in Flanders.[30] In the French speaking regions, communication regarding unemployment was prominent, but other issues unrelated to the economy like civil rights and environmental issues also retained focus.[29] Parti Socialiste (PS), at the time the largest party in Wallonia, showed a markedly worse performance in polls than previous election cycles.[31] Voting intention for PS continued to decline preceding the election date.[30]
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The results saw theNew Flemish Alliance remain the largest party in parliament, while the incumbent coalition government led by Prime MinisterAlexander De Croo and hisOpen Flemish Liberals and Democrats held on to its majority by only one seat, despite the latter party falling to ninth place in the election tally. TheReformist Movement emerged as the largest party inBrussels andWallonia.[32]
 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
| New Flemish Alliance | 1,167,061 | 16.71 | +0.68 | 24 | –1 | |
| Vlaams Belang | 961,601 | 13.77 | +1.82 | 20 | +2 | |
| Reformist Movement | 716,934 | 10.26 | +2.70 | 20 | +6 | |
| Workers' Party of Belgium | 688,369 | 9.86 | +1.23 | 15 | +3 | |
| Vooruit | 566,436 | 8.11 | +1.40 | 13 | +4 | |
| Socialist Party | 561,602 | 8.04 | –1.42 | 16 | –4 | |
| Christian Democratic and Flemish | 557,392 | 7.98 | –0.91 | 11 | –1 | |
| Les Engagés | 472,755 | 6.77 | +3.07 | 14 | +9 | |
| Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats | 380,659 | 5.45 | –3.09 | 7 | –5 | |
| Groen | 324,608 | 4.65 | –1.46 | 6 | –2 | |
| Ecolo | 204,438 | 2.93 | –3.22 | 3 | –10 | |
| DéFI | 84,024 | 1.20 | –1.02 | 1 | –1 | |
| Blanco Party [nl] | 75,683 | 1.08 | New | 0 | New | |
| Chez Nous | 64,058 | 0.92 | New | 0 | New | |
| Voor U [nl] | 43,346 | 0.62 | New | 0 | New | |
| Citizen Collective | 35,706 | 0.51 | +0.20 | 0 | 0 | |
| Team Fouad Ahidar | 24,826 | 0.36 | New | 0 | New | |
| Belgische Unie – Union Belge | 15,780 | 0.23 | +0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
| DierAnimal | 10,341 | 0.15 | –0.56 | 0 | 0 | |
| Volt Belgium | 7,245 | 0.10 | +0.08 | 0 | 0 | |
| Lutte Ouvrière [nl] | 6,552 | 0.09 | +0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| L'Unie | 5,640 | 0.08 | New | 0 | New | |
| Reprise en Main Citoyenne | 4,025 | 0.06 | New | 0 | New | |
| Agora | 3,473 | 0.05 | New | 0 | New | |
| Gezond Verstand | 2,352 | 0.03 | New | 0 | New | |
| Total | 6,984,906 | 100.00 | – | 150 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 6,984,906 | 94.37 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 416,577 | 5.63 | ||||
| Total votes | 7,401,483 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 8,368,029 | 88.45 | ||||
| Source:IBZ | ||||||
Since thesixth state reform of 2011, theSenate is no longer directly elected. The regional parliaments elect 50 senators based on the results of the concurrent regional elections (theFlemish Parliament elects 29, theParliament of the French Community elects ten, theWalloon Parliament elects eight, theParliament of the Brussels-Capital Region elects two Francophone senators and theParliament of the German-speaking Community elects one). The elected senators in turnco-opt 10 senators (six Dutch-speaking and four Francophone), who are allocated based on the preceding election results of the Chamber of Representatives, making a total of 60 senators.[4][33]
The distribution of seats among parties resulted as following:[34][35][36]
| Party | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elected | Co-opted | Total | +/– | |||
| New Flemish Alliance | 8 | 2 | 10 | +1 | ||
| Vlaams Belang | 7 | 1 | 8 | +1 | ||
| Reformist Movement | 7 | 1 | 8 | +1 | ||
| Workers' Party | 5 | 1 | 6 | +1[a] | ||
| Socialist Party | 5 | 1 | 6 | –1 | ||
| Vooruit | 4 | 0[b] | 4 | +1 | ||
| Christian Democratic and Flemish | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 | ||
| Les Engagés | 4 | 1 | 5 | +3 | ||
| Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats | 2 | 1 | 3 | –2 | ||
| Groen | 2 | 0 | 2 | –2 | ||
| Ecolo | 1 | 0 | 1 | –4 | ||
| ProDG | 1 | 0 | 1 | +1 | ||
| Perspectives. Freedom. Progress. | 0 | 0 | 0 | –1 | ||
| Total | 50 | 9 | 59 | –1 | ||
Following the release of the election results,Alexander De Croo announced his resignation as Prime Minister effective on 10 June. After this, he will remain as caretaker prime minister until a new federal government is formed.Tom Ongena also announced his resignation as party leader, and ruled outOpen Vld's participation in the next government. Of the French-speaking parties,François De Smet [fr], chair of Défi, andPaul Magnette, president of PS, also submitted their resignation, though Magnette's resignation was rejected by the party's board.[37]
The New Flemish Alliance's (N-VA)Bart De Wever claimed victory. Even thoughVlaams Belang came second, its leaderTom Van Grieken expressed disappointment, as the party was expected to overtake N-VA to become the biggest in Flanders. In Wallonia, Reformist Movement's (MR) presidentGeorges-Louis Bouchez emphasized the electorate's willingness for change, after his party gained more votes than PS for the first time in decades.[32][38]
According to political analysts, the most obvious federal coalition would consist of the right-wing N-VA and MR, and centre-left Vooruit, with the centrist CD&V and Les Engagés parties to reach at least 76 seats. Other coalitions are ruled out, following the decision of Open Vld and PS to be part of the opposition. Vlaams Belang is not expected to be part of the government at any level, due to thecordon sanitaire.[39][40]
Exploratory coalition talks started on 10 June, the day after the elections. As is tradition, party leaders are individually invited to an audience with the King, starting with the biggest parties.[41] On 11 June, the MR and Les Engagés announced a preliminary agreement to form a government in theWalloon parliament, following theregional elections. As part of the agreement, the two parties would form a partnership during government formation talks at the federal level.[42]
On 31 January 2025, a governmental agreement was reached between the Arizona parties,[43] with De Wever being sworn in as prime minister on 3 February 2025.[44]
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