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300 of the 350 seats in theJatiya Sangsad 151 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 119,691,633 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 41.8%[1] (disputed;[a] 39.4pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results by constituency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Bangladesh |
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Elections |
 Bangladesh portal |
General elections were held inBangladesh on 7 January 2024 in accordance with theconstitutional requirement, stating that elections must take place within the 90-day period before the expiration of the current term of theJatiya Sangsad on 29 January 2024. TheAwami League, led by incumbentSheikh Hasina, won the election for the fourth consecutive time with less than 40% of the eligible voters voting according to an Election Commission, which was run by the ruling political party.[4][5][6][7] The party won 224 seats while independent candidates, most of whom were Awami League members propped up asdummy candidates to give a semblance of competition, won 62 seats.[8][9][10]
In the lead-up to the election, the incumbent government led bySheikh Hasina cracked down on opposition parties and silenced critics of the government.[11][12][13] Hasina's prime ministership has been described as authoritarian since being re-elected in 2008,[14][15][16][17] and in 2011 removed the requirement that a temporary independentcaretaker government be formed to hold elections. The main opposition party, theBangladesh Nationalist Party, boycotted the elections (as they did in 2014) as they assumed that the election commission under the incumbent government were unable to organise a free and fair election.[13]
A protest over the election turnout emerged as the Chief Election Commissioner initially claimed, based on the data at hand, that turnout was 28%, but later retracted that statement to claim turnout was around 40%.[9][7]
TheUnited States Department of State, in a statement, said that the election was notfree and fair[18] and the UK'sForeign, Commonwealth and Development Office termed the election lacking the preconditions of democracy.[19] According toThe Economist, through this election, Bangladesh effectively became aone-party state.[20]
Later on 5 August 2024,Sheikh Hasina fled the country, facing a widespread student protest and the 12thJatiya Sangsad was dissolved. Aninterim government headed byMuhammad Yunus took charge as per the demand of the students. Early elections are expected to be called by April 2026 to elect a new Jatiya Sangsad.[21]
| Poll Event | Schedule |
|---|---|
| Declaration of the schedule[5][22][23] | 15 November 2023 |
| Application deadline for candidates | 30 November 2023 |
| Scrutiny of nomination | 1–4 December 2023 |
| Last Date for Withdrawal of nomination | 17 December 2023 |
| Symbol allocation | 18 December 2023 |
| Start of campaign period | 18 December 2023 |
| End of campaign period | 5 January 2024 |
| Date of Poll | 7 January 2024 |
| Date of Counting of Votes | 7 January 2024 |
| Date of reserved seats Poll | 14 March 2024 |
TheAwami League won the2018 general elections and formed the government.[24] The first session of the parliament sat on 30 January 2019. As the tenure of a parliament lasts five years in Bangladesh,[4] theSangsad was scheduled to expire on 29 January 2024.
The main opposition party, theBangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), demanded that the government hand over power to a neutralcaretaker government before the next elections.[25] This has been rejected by Prime MinisterSheikh Hasina, who vowed that "Bangladesh will never allow an unelected government again".[26] Hasina's resistance to a caretaker government arose following the2006–2008 crisis, during which a caretaker government assumed military control of the country and arrested a number of political leaders, including Hasina and BNP leaderKhaleda Zia.[27] Zia was sentenced to prison for five years on 8 February 2018, for her involvement in theZia Orphanage corruption case.[28] The sentence was then modified to 10 years.[29] Khaleda Zia's successor as chair of the party, her sonTarique Rahman, was also found guilty of criminal conspiracy and multiple counts of murder for agrenade attack in 2004 that injured Hasina and killed 24 people.[30] He was sentenced to life in prison. As such, he was barred from running for office.[31]
In order to guarantee that the election will be conducted in accordance with electoral law and the constitution, the 2024Bangladesh Election Commission was formed on 27 February 2022.[32] It is responsible for announcing election schedules, outlining constituency zones, preparing electoral rolls, supervising the elections, announcing the election's results, and establishing election boards to settle any election disputes.[33] It is chaired byKazi Habibul Awal,Md. Alamgir,Anisur Rahman,Rashida Sultana Emily andAhsan Habib Khan.[34]
In the election, PresidentMohammed Shahabuddin and first ladyRebecca Sultana used a postal ballot to cast their vote on 3 January 2024. It is the first instances of using postal ballot in the history of elections in Bangladesh.[35]
The 350 members of the Jatiya Sangsad consist of 300 directly elected seats usingfirst-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies, and an additional 50 seats reserved for women. The reserved seats are selected by the elected constituency members via thesingle transferable vote. Each parliament sits for a five-year term.[36]
The electoral system has been criticised as disproportional[37][38][39] and a key driver of political deadlock in the country.[39]
According to the data released by theElection Commission on 4 January 2024, the total number of voters in the next parliamentary election is 119,689,289 people. Among them, 60,769,741 are men voters, 58,918,699 are women voters and 849 hijra voters.[40] According to EC, 28 political parties and a total of 1,970 candidates are contesting the election, of which 436 are independent candidates. Total final polling centres are 42,148 and final polling booths are 261,564.[41][42]
The BNP has demanded that there should be a caretaker government during election season because, as Citizens for Good Governance founder-secretaryBadiul Alam Majumder has claimed, everyelection in Bangladesh that was not conducted under a caretaker government has been marred by irregularities.[43][25] Without a caretaker government, the BNP has stated its intent to boycott the elections. On 17 May 2023, BNP standing committee memberAmir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury said: "[Our] movement and elections cannot go hand in hand. Participating in elections under [the current government] means to validate them. We cannot continue our movement with those who compete in the elections when the leaders and activists are being arrested and harassed while protesting to free the country from this illegal government. Rather, it is time to identify them and uproot them politically."[44] On 3 June 2023, the BNP expelled 43 of its leaders for life as a result of their decision to participate in theSylhet City Corporation election.[45]
Jamaat-e-Islami was banned from participating in elections in 2013, and many of its former leaders have gone on to form theBangladesh Development Party (BDP), which intends to participate in the elections. The president of the BDP, Anwarul Islam Chan, has denied any affiliations with the Jamaat, saying: "The post-liberation generation was born after independence. We are a political party and not interested in such issues" as opposing Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan.[46][47]
The Awami League, on the other hand, has insisted that a caretaker government would be unconstitutional and that the Election Commission is independent and sanctioned by law.[25][48]
TheBangladeshi Ministry of Foreign Affairs asserted "the electoral process will remain under strict vigilance, including by international observers as accredited by the Election Commission."[49] Bangladesh Foreign MinisterDr. AK Abdul Momen said on 10 April 2023, in a meeting with US Secretary of StateAntony Blinken that the independent election commission is key to holding fair, transparent elections.[50]
On 23 May 2023, U.S. Secretary of StateAntony Blinken announced a new visa policy vis-a-vis Bangladesh to support the country's goal of holding free, fair, and peaceful national elections. The policy states that the US would "restrict the issuance of visas for any Bangladeshi individual, believed to be responsible for, or complicit in, undermining the democratic election process in Bangladesh", including "current and former Bangladeshi officials, members of pro-government and opposition political parties, and members of law enforcement, the judiciary, and security services". The policy lists actions that would undermine the election process as "vote rigging, voter intimidation, the use of violence to prevent people from exercising their right to freedoms of association and peaceful assembly, and the use of measures designed to prevent political parties, voters, civil society, or the media from disseminating their views".[51]
The restrictions were meant to act as a signal to the Bangladeshi government to hold democratic elections and to the BNP to participate in the elections, as a boycott of them could lead to instability.[52] When asked how the US would navigate a situation in which a party that refuses to participate in the national election would later claim that the election was unfair,US State Department Principal Deputy Spokesperson Vedant Patel said: "I don't have anything else to get into, as it's an internal, domestic election" and that all the US wants is that it should be free, fair, and reflective of the will of the Bangladeshi people.[53]
On 1 August 2023, US Ambassador Peter Haas announced after meeting withChief Election CommissionerKazi Habibul Awal that a US pre-election monitoring team consisting of experts with previous experience in election monitoring and preparation, would arrive in Bangladesh in October before the election which was subsequently cancelled.[54]
On 4 August 2023, the United Nations denounced pre-election violence in Bangladesh, calling for police "to refrain from excessive use of force amid recurring violence and mass arrests ahead of general elections". This is a human rights issue concerning violence erupting at opposition rallies in 2023, and the harsh response by police using rubber bullets, tear gas and water cannons. A UN spokesman said: "Police, alongside men in plain clothing, have been seen using hammers, sticks, bats and iron rods, among other objects, to beat protesters". He added that hundreds of people who oppose the government have been arrested before and during the rallies.[55]
UN concerns have arisen after Sheikh Hasina rejected demands by the BNP and its allies for the government to step down and allow the January election to be held under a neutral caretaker government. The UN has stressed that Hasina's government "must abide by their human rights obligations and allow people to exercise their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of opinion and expression".[55]
Responding to the UN statement,Mahfuz Anam commented: "From the looks of it, our two major political parties are preparing for 'gladiatorial' street fights as a part of their election preparation. Can this be democracy?"[56] Later, on 4 August, Information MinisterHasan Mahmud attacked the BNP during amosquito eradication conference in Dhaka, saying: "Dengue mosquitoes bite people and BNP puts people on fire and burns cars. Therefore, like dengue, BNP has to be prevented".[57]
Soon after Mahfuz Anam spoke, there was a meeting in Dhaka of the 14-party alliance led by the Awami League. They announced a rally to be held on 7 August before Awami League HQ on Bangabandhu Avenue. The purpose of the rally is to protest against the "terror and anarchy" of BNP and to "prevent any conspiracy of the BNP-Jamaat". A spokesman said alliance members will take to the streets across the whole country, besides Dhaka.[58]
On 7 May 2023, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina urgedCommonwealth Secretary-General Patricia Scotland to send diversified election observers for the election while stating that her government has made the election commission an independent and powerful institution to strengthen the democratic process in the country.[59]
A group of human rights organizations wrote to 14 members ofUnited States Congress urging them to be aware of how the BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami have been operating "overtly and covertly in cahoots with terrorist groups, likeAnsar al Islam, since 2001".[60]
Terry Isley, a member of an independent election monitoringdelegation that visited Bangladesh in August 2023, said that the demand for a caretaker government is unconstitutional and illegal in the present political context of Bangladesh. He also expressed disappointment that the BNP refused to meet with the delegation.[61]
On 20 September 2023, theElection Commission of Bangladesh received a letter from the European Union stating that it would not send a full-fledged election observation mission to the upcoming general election. The letter said Bangladesh's environment is not suitable for election observation.[62][63] However, in a letter to the Election Commission on 19 October the EU said it would send a 4-member technical team to observe the election.[64]
| Alliance/Party | Flag | Leader | Seats Contested | Seats Contested under Alliance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Alliance | AL |  | Sheikh Hasina | 263 | 263 | 269 | ||
| WPB |  | Rashed Khan Menon | 33 | 2 | ||||
| JaSaD |  | Hasanul Haque Inu | 91 | 3 | ||||
| BTF | Syed Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari | 41 | 0 | |||||
| JP (M) | Anwar Hossain Manju | 20 | 1 | |||||
| BSD-ML | .png) | Dilip Barua | 6 | 0 | ||||
| JP (E) |  | GM Quader | 286 | |||||
| TBNP | Shamsher Mobin Chowdhury | 151 | ||||||
| UF | BKP |  | Syed Muhammad Ibrahim | 20 | 20 | 38 | ||
| BJP |  | Mohammed Abdul Muqit | 13 | 13 | ||||
| BML (B) |  | Sheikh Zulfiqar Bulbul Chowdhury | 5 | 5 | ||||
| BNM |  | Abdur Rahman | 49 | |||||
| BSP | Sayed Saifuddin Ahmed | 82 | ||||||
| BIF |  | M.A. Matin | 37 | |||||
| BML |  | Badruddoza Ahmed Shuja | 2 | |||||
| IFB |  | Bahadur Shah Mujaddedi | 39 | |||||
| ZP | Mustafa Amir Faisal | 218 | ||||||
| IOJ | Abu Hasnat Amini | 45 | ||||||
| BKA | Mawlana Ataullah | 14 | ||||||
| BKSJL |  | Kader Siddique | 34 | |||||
| GF | _Flag.png) | Jakir Hossain | 25 | |||||
| GF | .png) | Kamal Hossain | 9 | |||||
| NPP | Sheikh Salauddin Salu | 142 | ||||||
| BDNAP |  | Jobel Rahman Gani | 6 | |||||
| BDB |  | A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury | 14 | |||||
| BSM |  | Abdur Razzak Mullah | 74 | |||||
| BNF | M.A. Abul Kalam Azad | 55 | ||||||
| BCP |  | Kazi Rezaul Hossen | 116 | |||||
Few terms used in the following table are described as-
Approval ratings
| Polling firm/Link | Fieldwork date | Date published | Sample size | Margin of Error | Government | 'Opposition' | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Approval | Disapproval | Neither/Don't know | Net approval | Approval | Disapproval | Neither/Don't know | Lead | |||||
| International Republican Institute[69] | 1 Mar – 6 Apr 2023 | 8 Aug 2023 | 5,000 | ±1.4 | 70 | 30 | 1 | +40 | 63 | 26 | 12 | +37 |
| Research and Training International[70] | — | 26 Jan 2020 | 2,266 | ±2.9 | 85 | 3 | 12 | +82 | 7 | 25 | 68 | –18 |
| International Republican Institute[71] | 1 Aug – 16 Sep 2019 | 8 Jan 2020 | 4,993 | ±1.4 | 83 | 11 | 7 | +72 | 36 | 34 | 30 | +2 |
Seat projections
| Polling firm/Link | Fieldwork date | Date published | Sample size | Margin of Error | Grand Alliance | BNP+ | JaPa (Ershad) | KSJL | BJP (Naziur) | Trinomool BNP | Islami Andolan | Neither/Don't know/Others | Majority | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awami League | Workers Party | JaSaD (Inu) | JP (Manju) | BNP | Jamaat | LDP (Oli) | |||||||||||||
| Bangladesh Economic Association[72] | April–October 2023 | 26 Oct 2023 | 148–166 | — | — | — | 119–150 | 2 | 1 | 11 | — | 1 | — | — | — | Hung | 16 | ||
On 5 January 2024, at a meeting attended by heads of missions from about 90 countries, Bangladesh's Foreign Secretary,Masud Bin Momen, invitedforeign envoys to be part of theinternational team of observers for its general elections scheduled for 7 January 2024.[73] A total of 127 observers from various countries, were present for these polls, including members from the European Union,The Commonwealth, the South Asia Democratic Forum (SADF), the US-basedInternational Republican Institute (IRI),National Democratic Institute (NDI) and American Global Strategies (AGS); UK-based Conservative Commonwealth Association and other reputable organizations.[74][75]
After the vote on 7 January 2024, this election drew mixed reactions among international observers. Representatives of manyinternational team of observers acknowledged that this election was conducted free and fairly and praised the role and efficiency of presentBangladesh Election Commission. Alexander Barton Gray, CEO of American Global Strategies (AGS) said "Considering the overall situation, all the observers present here agree that the 12th National Parliament Election of Bangladesh was held peacefully and with the participation of the common people".[75] The CEO of the Central Election Commission of Palestine, Hisam M.Y Kuhail, made remarks during a media briefing in Dhaka. "The voting process in all the centers that we visited was very quiet and peaceful," Kuhail said. "The people of your country should be proud of holding such a peaceful election." When asked about the voter turnout, Kuhail avoided the question, stating, "We are here to judge the voting process, whether voters were allowed access to the polls or whether voting took place systematically.[76]
The governments of the United States of America and Canada had separately confirmed, through official statements, that they did not deploy any election observers with their authority to monitor Bangladesh's national elections held on 7 January. Despite that, a group of international observers were present at their own effort.[77] However, some US, UK based international team of observers expressed the views that this election was not free or fair.[78][79] Local media in Bangladesh reported that the Hasina government lined up their supporters near polling stations when cameras and foreign election observers were near and had them disperse immediately afterwards.[9] However, some election observers did report a peaceful environment at the polling stations on the day of the elections.[80]
The Secretary of theElection Commission,Jahangir Alam, stated thatMustafizur Rahman Chowdhury's candidacy from theChittagong-16 comstituency was cancelled for "violating election norms" and for threatening law enforcement officials just before polling was officially closed. He was accused with similar allegations in past as well.[81]
 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | |||||
| General | Women | Total | ||||
| Awami League | 224 | 47 | 271 | |||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 11 | 2 | 13 | |||
| Bangladesh Kalyan Party | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Workers Party of Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Ganatantri Party | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Others | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Independents | 62 | 0 | 62 | |||
| Total | 300 | 50 | 350 | |||
| Source:Daily Star,BD News 24,Daily Star | ||||||
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Votes | ||||||
| Contested | Won | +/– | In total | Average | ||||
| # | % | +/–pp | ||||||
| Bangladesh Awami League | 24 | 22 | 3 | 2,853,161 | 53.20 | 118,882 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 30 | 3 | 4 | 689,037 | 12.85 | 22,968 | ||
| Workers Party of Bangladesh | 4 | 0 |  0 | 65,775 | 1.23 | 16,444 | ||
| Zaker Party | 2 | 0 | 0 | 61,638 | 1.15 | 30,819 | ||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) | 8 | 0 | 0 | 14,189 | 0.26 | 1,773 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Movement | 4 | 0 |  | 13,980 | 0.26 | 3,495 | ||
| National People's Party (Nilu) | 19 | 0 | 0 | 9,762 | 0.18 | 514 | ||
| Trinomool Bangladesh National Party | 9 | 0 | | 8,736 | 0.16 | 971 | ||
| Islami Oikya Jote | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7,847 | 0.15 | 3,924 | ||
| Bangladesh Supreme Party | 5 | 0 | | 6,683 | 0.12 | 1,337 | ||
| Bangladesh Congress | 11 | 0 | | 5,319 | 0.10 | 484 | ||
| Bangladesh Kallyan Party (Ibrahim) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3,641 | 0.07 | 910 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Front | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3,360 | 0.06 | 840 | ||
| Krishak Sramik Janata League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1,481 | 0.03 | 296 | ||
| Ganatantri Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1,193 | 0.02 | 1,193 | ||
| Bangladesh Tarikat Federation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1,079 | 0.02 | 1,079 | ||
| Bangladesh Shangskritik Muktijote (Muktijote) | 2 | 0 | | 863 | 0.02 | 432 | ||
| Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh | 2 | 0 | 0 | 713 | 0.01 | 357 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Manju) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 608 | 0.01 | 304 | ||
| Bangladesh Islami Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 500 | 0.01 | 500 | ||
| Bangladesh Muslim League (Bulbul) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 376 | 0.01 | 376 | ||
| Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 291 | 0.01 | 291 | ||
| Islamic Front Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 265 | 0.00 | 265 | ||
| Independent(s) | 30 | 8 |  8 | 1,612,536 | 30.07 | |||
| Total | 33 | — | 5,363,033 | 100.00 | — | — | ||
| Valid votes | 5,363,033 | 97.85 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 117,909 | 2.15 | ||||||
| Total votes cast | 5,480,942 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/Turnout | 13,296,954 | 41.22 | ||||||
| Source:BEC | ||||||||
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Votes | ||||||
| Contested | Won | +/– | In total | Average | ||||
| % | +/–pp | |||||||
| Bangladesh Awami League | 35 | 32 | 1 | 4,317,852 | 65.25 | 123,367 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 37 | 1 | 1 | 120,198 | 1.82 | 3,249 | ||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) | 18 | 1 | 1 | 54,946 | 0.83 | 3,053 | ||
| Workers Party of Bangladesh | 6 | 0 | 1 | 39,993 | 0.60 | 6,666 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Movement | 15 | 0 | | 22,201 | 0.34 | 1,480 | ||
| Bangladesh Congress | 14 | 0 | | 11,974 | 0.18 | 855 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Front | 7 | 0 | 0 | 10,775 | 0.16 | 1,539 | ||
| National People's Party (Shalu) | 16 | 0 | 0 | 9,550 | 0.14 | 597 | ||
| Trinomool Bangladesh National Party | 14 | 0 | | 9,298 | 0.14 | 664 | ||
| Islami Oikya Jote | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4,105 | 0.06 | 4,105 | ||
| Zaker Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2,015 | 0.03 | 2,015 | ||
| Bangladesh Supreme Party | 5 | 0 | | 1,956 | 0.03 | 391 | ||
| Bangladesh Shangskritik Muktijote (Muktijote) | 4 | 0 | | 1,779 | 0.03 | 445 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Manju) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1,540 | 0.02 | 770 | ||
| Ganatantri Party | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1,469 | 0.02 | 735 | ||
| Krishak Sramik Janata League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 959 | 0.01 | 480 | ||
| Bangladesh Islami Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 754 | 0.01 | 754 | ||
| Bangladesh Tarikat Federation | 3 | 0 | 0 | 728 | 0.01 | 243 | ||
| Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 347 | 0.01 | 347 | ||
| Gano Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 323 | 0.00 | 323 | ||
| Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 230 | 0.00 | 230 | ||
| Independent(s) | 32 | 5 | 4 | 2,004,442 | 30.29 | |||
| Total | 39 | — | 6,617,434 | 100.00 | — | — | ||
| Valid votes | 6,617,434 | 97.63 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 160,318 | 2.37 | ||||||
| Total votes cast | 6,777,752 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/Turnout | 15,462,150 | 43.83 | ||||||
| Source:BEC,Dhaka Post,Bangladesh Gazette 18475-18514 | ||||||||
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Votes | ||||||
| Contested | Won | +/– | In total | Average | ||||
| % | +/–pp | |||||||
| Bangladesh Awami League | 34 | 29 | 5 | 4,081,537 | 65.13 | 120,045 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 35 | 1 | 1 | 209,298 | 3.34 | 5,980 | ||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) | 5 | 0 | 1 | 96,178 | 1.53 | 19,236 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Movement | 12 | 0 | | 48,800 | 0.78 | 4,067 | ||
| Trinomool Bangladesh National Party | 23 | 0 | | 16,763 | 0.27 | 729 | ||
| Bangladesh Congress | 15 | 0 | | 15,231 | 0.24 | 1,015 | ||
| National People's Party (Shalu) | 17 | 0 | 0 | 15,104 | 0.24 | 888 | ||
| Zaker Party | 4 | 0 | 0 | 10,252 | 0.16 | 2,563 | ||
| Islami Oikya Jote | 4 | 0 | 0 | 9,236 | 0.15 | 2,309 | ||
| Workers Party of Bangladesh | 5 | 0 | 1 | 8,343 | 0.13 | 1,669 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Front | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3,802 | 0.06 | 951 | ||
| Bangladesh Shangskritik Muktijote (Muktijote) | 7 | 0 | | 2,329 | 0.04 | 333 | ||
| Islamic Front Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1,398 | 0.02 | 1,398 | ||
| Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1,246 | 0.02 | 1,246 | ||
| Ganatantri Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 845 | 0.01 | 845 | ||
| Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 778 | 0.01 | 778 | ||
| Gano Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 582 | 0.01 | 582 | ||
| Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 555 | 0.01 | 555 | ||
| Bangladesh Supreme Party | 2 | 0 | | 538 | 0.01 | 269 | ||
| Bangladesh Tarikat Federation | 2 | 0 | 0 | 528 | 0.01 | 264 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Manju) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 515 | 0.01 | 515 | ||
| Bangladesh Kallyan Party (Ibrahim) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 296 | 0.00 | 296 | ||
| Bangladesh National Awami Party (Muzaffar) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 242 | 0.00 | 242 | ||
| Independent(s) | 33 | 6 | 6 | 1,742,354 | 27.80 | |||
| Total | 36 | — | 6,266,750 | 100.00 | — | — | ||
| Valid votes | 6,266,750 | 97.13 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 185,121 | 2.87 | ||||||
| Total votes cast | 6,451,871 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/Turnout | 13,446,783 | 47.98 | ||||||
| Source:BEC | ||||||||
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Votes | ||||||
| Contested | Won | +/– | In total | Average | ||||
| % | +/–pp | |||||||
| Bangladesh Awami League | 15 | 14 | 4 | 1,893,530 | 59.05 | 126,235 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 18 | 2 | 0 | 179,314 | 5.59 | 9,962 | ||
| Workers Party of Bangladesh | 3 | 1 | 1 | 134,073 | 4.18 | 44,691 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Manju) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 73,872 | 2.30 | 36,936 | ||
| Bangladesh Congress | 10 | 0 | | 34,034 | 1.06 | 3,403 | ||
| National People's Party (Shalu) | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11,146 | 0.35 | 1,013 | ||
| Trinomool Bangladesh National Party | 9 | 0 | | 7,510 | 0.23 | 729 | ||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4,569 | 0.14 | 1,142 | ||
| Bangladesh Tarikat Federation | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3,857 | 0.12 | 643 | ||
| Bangladesh Shangskritik Muktijote (Muktijote) | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2,894 | 0.09 | 482 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Front | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2,350 | 0.07 | 1,175 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Movement | 2 | 0 | | 2,017 | 0.06 | 1,009 | ||
| Zaker Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1,624 | 0.05 | 1,624 | ||
| Krishak Sramik Janata League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1,421 | 0.04 | 1,421 | ||
| Bangladesh Supreme Party | 3 | 0 | | 990 | 0.03 | 330 | ||
| Gano Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 518 | 0.02 | 518 | ||
| Bangladesh Kallyan Party (Ibrahim) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 195 | 0.01 | 195 | ||
| Independent(s) | 15 | 4 | 4 | 852,695 | 26.59 | |||
| Total | 21 | — | 3,206,609 | 100.00 | — | — | ||
| Valid votes | 3,206,609 | 98.61 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 45,044 | 1.39 | ||||||
| Total votes cast | 3,251,653 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/Turnout | 7,423,300 | 43.80 | ||||||
| Source:BEC | ||||||||
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Votes | ||||||
| Contested | Won | +/– | In total | Average | ||||
| # | % | +/–pp | ||||||
| Bangladesh Awami League | 22 | 15 | 7 | 2,840,426 | 66.23 | 129,110 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 23 | 0 | 2 | 121,596 | 2.84 | 5,287 | ||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5,726 | 0.13 | 1,432 | ||
| Trinomool Bangladesh National Party | 13 | 0 | | 5,411 | 0.13 | 416 | ||
| Krishak Sramik Janata League | 7 | 0 | 0 | 5,265 | 0.12 | 752 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Manju) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3,821 | 0.09 | 1,274 | ||
| Islami Oikya Jote | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3,780 | 0.09 | 945 | ||
| Gano Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3,093 | 0.07 | 3,093 | ||
| National People's Party (Nilu) | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1,795 | 0.04 | 299 | ||
| Bangladesh Shangskritik Muktijote (Muktijote) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1,217 | 0.03 | 406 | ||
| Bangladesh Congress | 3 | 0 | | 973 | 0.02 | 324 | ||
| Zaker Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 950 | 0.02 | 950 | ||
| Bangladesh Supreme Party | 4 | 0 | | 578 | 0.01 | 145 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Movement | 2 | 0 | | 557 | 0.01 | 279 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 513 | 0.01 | 513 | ||
| Bangladesh Tarikat Federation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 286 | 0.01 | 286 | ||
| Workers Party of Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 252 | 0.01 | 252 | ||
| Bangladesh Muslim League (Bulbul) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 126 | 0.00 | 126 | ||
| Independent(s) | 21 | 9 | 9 | 1,292,062 | 30.13 | |||
| Total | 24 | — | 4,288,427 | 100.00 | — | — | ||
| Valid votes | 4,288,427 | 98.71 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 56,194 | 1.29 | ||||||
| Total votes cast | 4,344,621 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/Turnout | 9,558,676 | 45.45 | ||||||
| Source:BEC | ||||||||
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Votes | ||||||
| Contested | Won | +/– | In total | Average | ||||
| # | % | +/–pp | ||||||
| Bangladesh Awami League | 18 | 15 | 1 | 1,986,500 | 68.84 | 110,361 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 15 | 0 | 1 | 93,553 | 3.24 | 6,237 | ||
| Trinomool Bangladesh National Party | 9 | 0 | | 35,877 | 1.24 | 3,986 | ||
| Islami Oikya Jote | 9 | 0 | 0 | 12,415 | 0.43 | 1,379 | ||
| Bangladesh Islami Front | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6,255 | 0.22 | 2,085 | ||
| National People's Party (Nilu) | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3,186 | 0.11 | 455 | ||
| Gano Forum | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2,491 | 0.09 | 1,246 | ||
| Bangladesh Shangskritik Muktijote (Muktijote) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2,334 | 0.08 | 467 | ||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2,246 | 0.08 | 2,246 | ||
| Bangladesh Congress | 7 | 0 | | 1,862 | 0.06 | 266 | ||
| Islamic Front Bangladesh | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1,717 | 0.06 | 429 | ||
| Workers Party of Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1,278 | 0.04 | 1,278 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Movement | 4 | 0 | | 1,204 | 0.04 | 301 | ||
| Bangladesh Supreme Party | 2 | 0 | | 1,039 | 0.04 | 520 | ||
| Zaker Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 885 | 0.03 | 885 | ||
| Bangladesh Jatiya Party (Matin) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 514 | 0.02 | 514 | ||
| Krishak Sramik Janata League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 431 | 0.01 | 144 | ||
| Bangladesh Tarikat Federation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 284 | 0.01 | 284 | ||
| Ganatantri Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 249 | 0.01 | 249 | ||
| Bangladesh Muslim League (Kamaruzzaman) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 214 | 0.01 | 214 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Manju) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 204 | 0.01 | 204 | ||
| Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 161 | 0.01 | 161 | ||
| Gano Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 0.00 | 81 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Front | 1 | 0 | 0 | 59 | 0.00 | 59 | ||
| Independent(s) | 13 | 4 | 4 | 730,696 | 25.32 | |||
| Total | 19 | — | 2,885,735 | 100.00 | — | — | ||
| Valid votes | 2,885,735 | 98.63 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 40,112 | 1.37 | ||||||
| Total votes cast | 2,925,847 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/Turnout | 7,855,841 | 37.24 | ||||||
| Source:BEC | ||||||||
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Votes | ||||||
| Contested | Won | +/– | In total | Average | ||||
| # | % | +/–pp | ||||||
| Bangladesh Awami League | 15 | 12 | 2 | 2,375,119 | 72.57 | 158,341 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Movement | 2 | 0 | | 22,757 | 0.70 | 11,379 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 13 | 0 | 0 | 21,512 | 0.66 | 1,655 | ||
| Trinomool Bangladesh National Party | 7 | 0 | | 5,804 | 0.18 | 829 | ||
| Islami Oikya Jote | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4,188 | 0.13 | 4,188 | ||
| Bangladesh Supreme Party | 6 | 0 | | 4,183 | 0.13 | 697 | ||
| Bangladesh Congress | 5 | 0 | | 4,179 | 0.13 | 836 | ||
| Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3,682 | 0.11 | 1,227 | ||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3,445 | 0.11 | 1,148 | ||
| Bangladesh Tarikat Federation | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2,955 | 0.09 | 985 | ||
| Bangladesh Shangskritik Muktijote (Muktijote) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1,119 | 0.03 | 373 | ||
| National People's Party (Nilu) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 896 | 0.03 | 299 | ||
| Zaker Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 425 | 0.01 | 425 | ||
| Gano Front | 2 | 0 | 0 | 297 | 0.01 | 149 | ||
| Krishak Sramik Janata League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 263 | 0.01 | 263 | ||
| Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 0.00 | 46 | ||
| Independent(s) | 11 | 3 | 2 | 822,143 | 25.12 | |||
| Total | 15 | — | 3,273,013 | 100.00 | — | — | ||
| Valid votes | 3,273,013 | 98.86 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 37,787 | 1.14 | ||||||
| Total votes cast | 3,310,800 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/Turnout | 5,740,891 | 57.67 | ||||||
| Source:BEC | ||||||||
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Votes | ||||||
| Contested | Won | +/– | In total | Average | ||||
| # | % | +/–pp | ||||||
| Bangladesh Awami League | 19 | 18 | 3 | 2,519,531 | 70.39 | 132,607 | ||
| Jatiya Party (Ershad) | 19 | 1 | 0 | 101,680 | 2.84 | 5,352 | ||
| Bangladesh Kallyan Party (Ibrahim) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 83,736 | 2.34 | 16,747 | ||
| Bangladesh Islami Front | 13 | 0 | 0 | 46,393 | 1.30 | 5,352 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Movement | 2 | 0 | | 36,659 | 1.02 | 18,330 | ||
| Trinomool Bangladesh National Party | 13 | 0 | | 19,382 | 0.54 | 3,569 | ||
| Islamic Front Bangladesh | 16 | 0 | 0 | 15,108 | 0.42 | 944 | ||
| National People's Party (Nilu) | 7 | 0 | 0 | 9,390 | 0.26 | 1,341 | ||
| Bangladesh Supreme Party | 10 | 0 | | 6,987 | 0.20 | 699 | ||
| Bangladesh Shangskritik Muktijote (Muktijote) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5,051 | 0.14 | 2,526 | ||
| Bangladesh National Awami Party (Muzaffar) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1,744 | 0.05 | 581 | ||
| Bangladesh Nationalist Front | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1,539 | 0.04 | 257 | ||
| Islami Oikya Jote | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1,509 | 0.04 | 377 | ||
| Bangladesh Congress | 5 | 0 | | 879 | 0.02 | 176 | ||
| Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 724 | 0.02 | 362 | ||
| Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 615 | 0.02 | 615 | ||
| Workers Party of Bangladesh | 1 | 0 | 0 | 537 | 0.02 | 537 | ||
| Bangladesh Tarikat Federation | 2 | 0 | 1 | 325 | 0.01 | 163 | ||
| Gano Forum (Kamal) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 145 | 0.00 | 145 | ||
| Bangladesh Muslim League (Kamaruzzaman) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 0.00 | 46 | ||
| Independent(s) | 16 | 3 | 3 | 727,423 | 20.32 | |||
| Total | 23 | — | 3,579,403 | 100.00 | — | — | ||
| Valid votes | 3,579,403 | 97.16 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 104,791 | 2.84 | ||||||
| Total votes cast | 3,684,194 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/Turnout | 5,740,891 | 57.67 | ||||||
| Source:BEC | ||||||||
On 8 January, the day following the general elections, envoys from many countries, including China, India, Russia, Singapore,the Philippines, andSri Lanka, met and congratulated the Prime Minister at her official residence,Ganabhaban. The envoys expressed their firm conviction to continue supporting Bangladesh, extending greetings on behalf of their respective countries to the Prime Minister. Sheikh Hasina thanked them and sought help in the journey towards the development and prosperity of her country. Additionally, a delegation of Aga Khan Diplomatic Representatives also met her.[117][118]
TheU.S. Department of State termed the election as notfree and fair. The spokesperson of the State Department Mathew Miller said, "The United States shares the view with other observers that these elections were not free or fair and we regret that not all parties participated."[119]
The European Union acknowledged the results of Bangladesh's parliamentary elections while expressing regret over the non-participation of all major parties. Emphasizing the importance of democratic values, human rights, and the rule of law in theEU-Bangladesh partnership, they called for a thorough investigation into reported election irregularities. The EU condemned election-related violence, urged respect for the rule of law, and emphasized the need for political pluralism, peaceful dialogue, and media freedom, committing to ongoing collaboration with Bangladesh across various domains.[120]
On 8 January, Yao Wen, China's Ambassador to Bangladesh, was among the first foreign dignitaries to go to newly reelectedSheikh Hasina's residence and congratulate her for winning the election. Local media reported that he said China will support Bangladesh in protecting its sovereignty and in opposing external interference.[121]
Japan's election observer mission, led by Masato Watanabe, former Ambassador toBangladesh, reported some irregularities but overall welcomed the peaceful conduct of the 12th general elections in Bangladesh. Despite incidents of violence during the pre-election period, Japan expresses hope for Bangladesh's progress as a democratic nation, reaffirming its commitment to supporting the country's development and strengthening bilateral ties as a strategic partner.[122]
Prime Minister of IndiaNarendra Modi spoke to Sheikh Hasina and congratulated on her victory for the fourth consecutive term in the parliamentary elections.[123]
Modi then posted onX:"Spoke to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and congratulated her on her victory for a historic fourth consecutive term in the Parliamentary elections. I also congratulate the people of Bangladesh for the successful conduct of elections. We are committed to further strengthen our enduring and people-centric partnership with Bangladesh."[124]
TheForeign, Commonwealth and Development Office of the United Kingdom claimed the conditions for a "credible, open, and fair competition" were not present in the election and the voters did not have the "fullest range of voting options".[125]
Russia congratulated Sheikh Hasina on Awami League's victory in the 12th parliamentary election. Alexander Mantytsky, Ambassador of Russia to Bangladesh, was received by Sheikh Hasina, also Awami League president, at the Ganabhaban. He expressed hope for further cooperation between Russia and Bangladesh, and outlined promising areas of bilateral partnership.[126]
Global Affairs Canada, in a statement on 9 January 2024, commended Bangladeshi citizens' democratic aspirations while condemning acts of intimidation and violence during the 7 January parliamentary elections. Expressing disappointment in the electoral process falling short of democratic principles, Canada urged transparent collaboration with all parties to advance democracy, human rights, and fundamental freedoms. As a longstanding supporter ofBangladesh since 1971, Canada "remains committed to fostering a stable, prosperous, and democratic future" for the country.[127]
Australia acknowledged the results of Bangladesh's parliamentary elections on 7 January 2024, expressing concern over the limited participation of stakeholders. Highlighting the importance of free and fair elections, Australia condemned the pre-election violence and arrests of political opposition members. Urging Bangladesh to strengthen democratic institutions, Australia reaffirmed its commitment to collaborative efforts for an open, stable, prosperous, and inclusive region.[128]
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights,Volker Türk, expressed concern over Bangladesh's recent elections, citing violence and repression against opposition candidates and supporters. Türk urged the newly elected government, led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, to address human rights concerns and enhance the foundations of an inclusive democracy. The statement highlighted arbitrary detentions, intimidation, enforced disappearances, and political violence in the lead-up to the elections. Türk called for independent investigations into reported incidents, emphasizing the need for fair and transparent trials for those responsible. He stressed the significance of preserving hard-won democracy in Bangladesh and called for comprehensive investigations into campaign-related violations and irregularities.[129]
The news channels in Bangladesh reported some mismanagement in some voting centers of the country, for instance,Jamuna Television reported some underaged kids going to the polls.[130]
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