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2022 G20 Bali summit

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Summit of the leaders of all G20 member nations in Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia

2022 G20 Bali summit
17th G20 Summit
← 16th15–16 November 2022[1]18th →
G20 Summit in The Apurva Kempinski Bali
Host countryIndonesia
MottoRecover Together, Recover Stronger
(Indonesian:Pulih Bersama, Bangkit Perkasa)[2]
CitiesNusa Dua,Badung Regency,Bali
VenuesThe Apurva Kempinski Hotel[3]
ParticipantsG20 members
Invited States:
Cambodia,Fiji,Netherlands,Rwanda,Senegal,Singapore,Spain,Suriname,Ukraine,United Arab Emirates
International bodies:
FIFA,World Bank,OECD,United Nations,IMF,WTO,ILO,IOC,WHO,World Economic Forum,Islamic Development Bank,Asian Development Bank
ChairJoko Widodo

The2022 G20 Bali summit (Indonesian:Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi G20 Bali 2022) was theseventeenth meeting ofGroup of Twenty (G20), a Head of State and Government meeting held inNusa Dua,Bali, Indonesia. It was the first G20 summit hosted by Indonesia.[4]

Indonesia's presidency began on 1 December 2021, leading up to the summit in the fourth quarter of 2022. The presidency handover ceremony was held as an intimate event, in which the G20 presidency gavel was transferred fromItalian Prime MinisterMario Draghi toIndonesian presidentJoko Widodo at the close of theRome summit. Preceding the G20 Leaders Summit, a youth engagement group of the G20, Youth20 (Y20) held its Y20 Indonesia 2022 Summit in Jakarta and Bandung in July 2022.

Background

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Initially, Indonesia was slated to host the G20 Summit in 2023. However, as Indonesia was also slated to hold the Chairmanship ofASEAN in 2023, India which was slated to hold the summit in 2022 agreed to exchange presidency timings with Indonesia. "Indonesia will hold the G20 Presidency in DEC 2022 while India will hold the Presidency a year after", said Retno.[4] Indonesia's presidency commenced on 1 December 2021, following the transfer of presidency fromItalian Prime MinisterMario Draghi toIndonesian presidentJoko Widodo at the closing of the Rome summit.[5]

Preparations

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The Indonesian government budgeted Rp 674 billion (~USD 45 million) for the G20 events.[6] For the event's security, the Indonesian government deployed around 10,000 police officers and 18,000 soldiers, including 6,000 soldiers fromKodam IX/Udayana headquartered in Bali.[7] Shortly before, during, and after the summit, flights to Bali'sI Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport became restricted, with limited operating hours for commercial aircraft and a ban against commercial aircraft staying overnight. Some flights are redirected to nearby airports inSurabaya,Lombok, andMakassar.[8]

Venue

[edit]

Due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, the economy of the tourism-dependent Bali had been devastated, with the G20 summit event being seen as an opportunity to boost tourism to the island to pre-pandemic levels.[9] The main venue of the summit is atThe Apurva Kempinski Bali resort inNusa Dua,Badung Regency.[10] Other venues that also took part of the G20 summit were theBali International Convention Center for the media center,[11] theSofitel Bali Nusa Dua Beach Resort for the Spouse Program,[12]Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park for amangrove planting session[13] andGaruda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park for the gala dinner as well as the traditional performances.[14]

Issues

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Russia and Ukraine

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Following theRussian invasion of Ukraine, some countries called for Russian presidentVladimir Putin to be excluded from the G20. In March 2022, Polish economic development ministerPiotr Nowak said that he had presented a proposal to exclude Russia in meetings with the United States,[15] which United States presidentJoe Biden subsequently indicated support for.[16] China'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs spokespersonWang Wenbin rejected these calls, saying that no member had the right to remove another country as member.[17] Canadian Prime MinisterJustin Trudeau said the group should "re-evaluate" Russia's participation.[18] The Indonesian government initially attempted to keep the Russian invasion of Ukraine off of the meeting's agenda. Foreign MinisterRetno Marsudi said her country's government would consider the views and suggestions of other members but that summit is meant to focus on pandemic and economic recovery.[19]

In April 2022,United States Secretary of the TreasuryJanet Yellen said she will not participate in sessions at the Bali summit which include Russian delegates.[20][21] At the 2nd Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor Meeting several weeks later, various finance officials including Yellen,President of the European Central BankChristine Lagarde, CanadianDeputy Prime MinisterChrystia Freeland, and Ukrainian Finance MinisterSerhiy Marchenko walked out when a Russian delegate began to speak at the event.[20][22] At a press conference several days later, Freeland said that Canada wanted Russia removed from G20, and that Canadian delegates would not take part in meetings that included Russia.[23] She said the removal of Russia was a significant topic of conversation among the delegates at the meetings, though there was not unanimity that Russia should be removed.[23]

Indonesia's President Joko Widodo in April invitedPresident of Ukraine,Volodymyr Zelenskyy, to the conference, while Putin confirmed in a phone call with Widodo that he would also attend the conference.[24] Australian Prime MinisterAnthony Albanese indicated that he would attend the conference regardless of Russia's presence.[25] Trudeau also stated that Canada would still attend the conference if Putin were to attend.[26] Following the2022 G7 summit, German chancellorOlaf Scholz noted that the G7 leaders "did not want to drive G20 apart", and European Commission headUrsula von der Leyen noted that she would not oppose attending the conference with Putin. Italian Prime MinisterGiorgia Meloni claimed she would be attending.

On 10 November 2022, theRussian embassy inJakarta confirmed that Putin would skip the G20 summit, with Foreign Affairs MinisterSergey Lavrov instead attending in his place.[27][28]

Outcome

[edit]

Russia–Ukraine War

[edit]
Emergency meeting on 16 November 2022.

During the summit,US PresidentJoe Biden said that he andChinese leaderXi Jinping jointly agreed that Russia should not usenuclear weapons in Ukraine[29] while Chinese state media outlet Xinhua said that Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi told his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov that Moscow's position of eschewing nuclear warfare showed the country's "rational" and "responsible" attitude.[30] Ukrainian presidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy addressed the meeting virtually, referring to it as the "G19" in a snub against Russia.[31] The Washington Post reported that China along with Russia opposed the usage of the word "war" to describe Russia's invasion of Ukraine and its inclusion into the text of the G20's final communiqué.[32] The joint declaration eventually included a statement that "most members" condemned Russia's invasion, although also acknowledging "that there were other views and different assessments of the situation".[33]

Due to the2022 missile explosion in Poland, the summit's schedule was briefly interrupted on the second day as G7 and some NATO leaders in the summit held an emergency meeting. Russian foreign ministerSergey Lavrov had left the summit late in the first day, prior to the incident. Many of the G20 leaders also declined to be photographed along with Lavrov or a Russian delegation, resulting in the lack of a G20 "family photo" in 2022.[34] During a speech at the summit, Zelenskyy proposed a 10-point peace plan, which demanded Russia "withdraw all its troops and armed formations from the territory of Ukraine".[35]

US–China relations

[edit]
United States PresidentJoe Biden met with Chinese leaderXi Jinping on 14 November 2022. It was the first time they met in person since Biden became president.

In the lead up to the conference, US officials had contacted their Chinese counterparts in order to arrange a meeting between Biden and Xi, and the meeting between the two occurred on 14 November, taking three hours. The meeting was designated to help restore relations and communication between the two countries, which had deteriorated following the2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan.[36] Biden later declared that there would not be a "new Cold War" between the US and China.[37] although the two leaders did not declare an agreement on theTaiwan question.[29]

China–Canada relations

[edit]

Chinese leader Xi Jinping and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau engaged in a heated exchange at the G20 summit in Indonesia, captured by the media pool. Xi expressed frustration over leaked details of a previous meeting, deeming it inappropriate and questioning Trudeau's sincerity. The incident highlighted the strained relationship between the leaders, fueled by Canada's concerns over China's interference activities. Trudeau emphasized the importance of constructive engagement while standing firm on Canadian values during a subsequent media address. The confrontation underscores geopolitical tensions and the challenges of balancing diplomatic dialogue with human rights advocacy.[38]

Indonesian decarbonisation

[edit]

The G7 countries, EU, Denmark and Norway announced a 20 billion US-dollar deal to decarbonise Indonesia's coal-powered economy, the so-calledIndonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership.[39]

Participating leaders

[edit]

Participating invited guests

[edit]

Absent guests

[edit]

Prime Minister of Cambodia, as well as 2022 Chairperson ofAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations,Hun Sen cancelled his attendance and returned to Cambodia before the start of the summit because he was tested positive for COVID-19.[44]

Participating international organization guests

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^The president of China is legally aceremonial office, but thegeneral secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (de factoleader in aone-partycommunist state) has always held this office since 1993 except for the months oftransition, and the currentgeneral secretary is Xi Jinping, who is also the Chinese president.

References

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  1. ^"Presiden Jokowi Tinjau Kesiapan GWK Cultural Park untuk KTT G20".Sekretariat Presiden Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). 25 March 2022. Retrieved30 March 2022.
  2. ^Tambun, Lenny Tristia (14 September 2021)."Logo Presidensi G20 Indonesia Perpaduan Gunungan Wayang dan Corak Batik Kawung".Berita Satu. Retrieved4 November 2021.
  3. ^"KTT G20 Bali: Jokowi Pagi Ini Sambut 17 Kepala Negara di Apurva Kempinski".Tempo.co (in Indonesian). 15 November 2022. Retrieved16 November 2022.
  4. ^ab"Indonesia to Host G20 Summit in 2022".Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. 23 November 2020. Retrieved2 June 2021.
  5. ^Bramasta, Dandy Bayu (3 December 2021)."Indonesia Negara Berkembang Pertama Jadi Tuan Rumah G20, Apa Dampaknya?".KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved11 November 2022.
  6. ^Pratama, Wibi Pangestu (20 October 2022)."Anggaran G20 Tembus Rp674 Miliar, Berapa Manfaatnya untuk Perekonomian?".Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved11 November 2022.
  7. ^Alaydrus, Hadijah; kusumo, rahajeng (9 November 2022)."KTT G20 Bali Bakal Dijaga 9.700 Polisi & 18.000 TNI".CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved11 November 2022.
  8. ^"Bali to Restrict Flights ahead of G20 Summit".Jakarta Globe. 8 November 2022. Retrieved11 November 2022.
  9. ^Yuniar, Resty Woro (7 July 2022)."As G20 set to meet with Russia and China on its mind, Bali hopes for tourism boost".South China Morning Post. Retrieved11 November 2022.
  10. ^Ariani, Fenty Lilian, ed. (8 November 2022)."Profil The Apurva Kempinski, Lokasi Utama KTT G20 di Bali, Harga Mulai Rp 5 Jutaan Per Malam".Tribun Bali (in Indonesian). Retrieved11 November 2022.
  11. ^Pristiandaru, Danur Lambang (14 November 2022). Adhi, Irawan Sapto (ed.)."Menengok Situasi Media Center KTT G20 di Nusa Dua Bali..."KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved18 November 2022.
  12. ^Assegaf, Fardah, ed. (15 November 2022)."First Lady invites G20 leaders' spouses to witness local wisdom".Antara News (in Indonesian). Retrieved18 November 2022.
  13. ^Nasution, Rahmad, ed. (16 November 2022)."G20 delegation leaders laud Indonesia's steps in mangrove planting".Antara News. Retrieved18 November 2022.
  14. ^"Meriahnya Gala Dinner KTT G20: Disuguhi Ragam Tarian Daerah".CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). 15 November 2022. Retrieved18 November 2022.
  15. ^EU Reporter Correspondent."Poland pushes call for Russia to be excluded from G20".euReporter. Retrieved24 March 2022.{{cite web}}:|author= has generic name (help)
  16. ^Shear, Michael D.; Stevis-Gridneff, Matina (24 March 2022)."Biden Says Russia Should Be Ejected From G20".The New York Times. Retrieved24 March 2022.
  17. ^Oshin, Olafimihan (23 March 2022)."China pushes back on suggestions Russia should be barred from G20".The Hill. Retrieved24 March 2022.
  18. ^Boisvert, Nick (31 March 2022)."Trudeau calls on G20 to reconsider Russia's seat at the table".CBC News. Retrieved31 March 2022.
  19. ^Yuniar, Resty Woro (30 March 2022)."Russia at G20: Debate on Indonesia's guest list hits crescendo with US, China, Australia remarks".South China Morning Post. Retrieved31 March 2022.
  20. ^abLiptak, Kevin; Fossum, Sam (20 April 2022)."US Treasury secretary and other finance ministers walk out of G20 meeting with Russia".CNN. Retrieved20 April 2022.
  21. ^Vakil, Caroline (6 April 2022)."Yellen says US will not participate in G-20 meetings if Russia present".The Hill. Retrieved20 April 2022.
  22. ^Raycraft, Richard (20 April 2022)."Freeland joins finance leaders in G20 walkout over Russian invasion of Ukraine".CBC News. Retrieved20 April 2022.
  23. ^abPress, Jordan (22 April 2022)."Freeland says Russia should be booted from G20, but no movement yet".National Post. Retrieved22 April 2022.
  24. ^ab"Zelenskyy, Putin invited to G20 summit: Jokowi".CNA. 29 April 2022. Archived fromthe original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved29 April 2022.
  25. ^McLeod, Catie (6 June 2022)."Albanese confirms he will attend G20 even if Russian President Vladimir Putin is there".news.com.au. Retrieved6 June 2022.
  26. ^"Canada to attend G20 summit even if Putin goes: Trudeau".France 24. 30 June 2022. Retrieved1 July 2022.
  27. ^"Putin will not go to G20 summit in Bali". Agence France-Presse. 10 November 2022. Retrieved10 November 2022 – viaThe Manila Times.
  28. ^Fadhil, Haris (10 November 2022)."KTT G20 Bali Tanpa Putin dan Zelensky".detiknews (in Indonesian).Jakarta:detikcom. Retrieved11 November 2022.
  29. ^abKim, Seung Min; Miller, Zeke (15 November 2022)."Biden, Xi clash on Taiwan but aim to 'manage' differences".AP News.
  30. ^"China praises Russia's opposition to nuclear war at G20 summit".Reuters.Archived from the original on 26 November 2022.
  31. ^Wong, Tessa (15 November 2022)."Ukraine: Zelensky snubs Russia as he addresses 'G19' at G20".BBC News. Retrieved23 November 2022.
  32. ^Shepherd, Christian; Rauhala, Emily; Tan, Rebecca (15 November 2022)."In G-20 talks, China objects to calling Russian invasion of Ukraine a 'war'".The Washington Post.Archived from the original on 16 November 2022.
  33. ^"G20 leaders 'deplore' Russia's war in joint declaration".DW. 16 November 2022. Retrieved18 November 2022.
  34. ^Barker, Anne; Doran, Matthew (16 November 2022)."The one man no-one wanted to stand next to during the G20 family photo left the summit early".ABC News. Retrieved18 November 2022.
  35. ^"The 10-point peace plan for Ukraine proposed by Zelensky".The Straits Times. 16 November 2022. Retrieved20 March 2024.
  36. ^Restuccia, Andrew; Thomas, Ken; Wong, Chun Han; Zhai, Keith (15 November 2022)."Biden-Xi Talks Mark Shift in U.S.-China Ties Toward Managing Fierce Competition".The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved18 November 2022.
  37. ^Wong, Tessa (14 November 2022)."Xi Biden meeting: US leader promises 'no new Cold War' with China".BBC News. Retrieved18 November 2022.
  38. ^Baptista, Eduardo (16 November 2022)."China's Xi confronts Canada's Trudeau at G20 over media leaks".Reuters. Retrieved2 February 2024.
  39. ^"Press corner".European Commission – European Commission. Retrieved16 November 2022.
  40. ^abWidya Puspa, Anitana (14 November 2022)."Ini Daftar Kepala Negara yang Sudah Mendarat di G20 Bali".Bisnis.com. Retrieved17 November 2022.
  41. ^McBeth, John (30 April 2022)."G20 Summit a diplomatic minefield for host Indonesia".Asia Times. Retrieved30 April 2022.
  42. ^Auto, Hermes (25 January 2022)."Singapore honoured to be invited to this year's G-20 summit in Bali: PM Lee".Straits Times. Retrieved29 April 2022.
  43. ^J, Rangga; T, Kenzu (4 November 2021)."Jokowi invites Prince Mohammed Bin Zayed to G20 summit in Bali".Antaranews. Retrieved29 April 2022.
  44. ^Difa Pramudyani, Yashinta (15 November 2022). Wahyudono, Hernawan (ed.)."PM Kamboja Hun Sen positif COVID-19, batal hadiri KTT G20".AntaraSultra (in Indonesian). Retrieved16 November 2022.
  45. ^"KEDATANGAN PRESIDEN ADB DI BALI".Indonesia.go.id (in Indonesian). 13 November 2022. Archived fromthe original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved19 November 2022.
  46. ^"Presiden FIFA Gianni Infantino Tiba di Bali Hadiri KTT G20".CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 15 November 2022. Retrieved16 November 2022.
  47. ^"G20 Summit in Indonesia | Inquirer Business".
  48. ^abc"Daftar Pemimpin Dunia & Lembaga yang Sudah Tiba di G20 Bali".CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). 14 November 2022. Retrieved19 November 2022.
  49. ^"IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva Remarks at the G20 Leaders' Summit".
  50. ^"Presiden IOC Thomas Bach Hadiri KTT G20".CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 15 November 2022. Retrieved16 November 2022.
  51. ^"PRESIDEN JOKOWI SAMBUT SEKJEN OECD".infopublik (in Indonesian). 15 November 2022. Retrieved19 November 2022.
  52. ^Andarningtyas, Natisha (14 November 2022). Pasaribu, Alviansyah (ed.)."Sekjen PBB dan Direktur Pelaksana IMF tiba di Bali untuk KTT G20".Antaranews (in Indonesian). Retrieved16 November 2022.
  53. ^ab"Para Pemimpin Negara G20 Siap Memulai KTT G20".Kominfo (in Indonesian). 15 November 2022. Retrieved19 November 2022.
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