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Needed to win: Majority of the votes cast 427 votes cast, 214 needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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On January 3, 2021, the 1st day of the117th Congress and 2 months after the2020 U.S. House elections, the incoming members of theU.S. House of Representatives held an election forspeaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. It was the 127thU.S. speaker election since the office was created in 1789.
Theincumbent speaker,DemocratNancy Pelosi, was elected to a 4th (2nd consecutive) term, defeatingRepublicanKevin McCarthy 216–209, with two votes going to other individuals. As only 427 representatives in the 435-member House cast a vote (due to vacancies, absentees, or members votingpresent), 214 votes were necessary to win.
Thespeaker of the House is the presiding officer of theUnited States House of Representatives. The House elects its speaker at the beginning of a new Congress (i.e.biennially, aftera general election) or when a speaker dies, resigns, or removed from the position intra-term. Since 1839, the House elected speakers byroll call.[1] Traditionally, eachparty's caucus or conference selects a candidate for the speakership from among its senior leaders prior to the roll call. Representatives are not restricted to voting for the candidate nominated by their party, but generally do, as the outcome of the election effectively determines which party has themajority and consequently will organize the House.[2] Representatives that choose to vote for someone other than their party's nominated candidate usually vote for another member within the party or vote "present".
Moreover, as the Constitution doesn’t explicitly state that the speaker must be anincumbent representative, it’s permissible for representatives to vote for someone who’s not a member of the House at the time, and non-members have received a few votes in various speaker elections over the past several years.[3] Nevertheless, every person elected speaker has been a member.[2]
To be elected speaker a candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast, as opposed to a majority of the full membership of the House – presently 218 votes, in a House of 435. There have only been a few instances during the past century where a person received a majority of the votes cast, and thus won the election, while failing to obtain a majority of the full membership. It happened most recently in January 2015 (114th Congress), whenJohn Boehner was elected with 216 votes (as opposed to 218). Such a variation in the number of votes necessary to win a given election might arise due to vacancies, absentees, or members being present but not voting. If no candidate wins a majority of the "votes cast for a person by name," then the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected.[2] Multiple roll calls have been necessary only 15 times since 1789; and, at the time, not since 1923 (68th Congress), when a closely divided House needed 9 ballots to electFrederick H. Gillett speaker.[4] Upon winning election the new speaker is immediately sworn in by theDean of the United States House of Representatives, the chamber's longest-serving member.[5][6]
On November 17, 2020, Pelosi was nominated by voice vote without opposition.[8]
On November 17, 2020, McCarthy was nominated by voice vote without opposition.[9]
The election for speaker took place on January 3, 2021, at the start of the 117th Congress. In a break with tradition due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, all House members-elect did not gather in the chamber to vote and record their presence, but rather, were summoned to the chambers in 7 groups of about 72 people.[10] Three members-elect were absent from the proceedings,[11] and two seats were vacant at the time.[a][12] Nancy Pelosi received a narrow majority of the 427 votes cast and was re-elected speaker; 3 people answeredpresent when their names were called.[13]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Nancy Pelosi* (CA 12) | 216 | 50.59 | |
| Republican | Kevin McCarthy (CA 23) | 209 | 48.95 | |
| Democratic | Hakeem Jeffries (NY 8) | 1 | 0.23 | |
| Democratic | Tammy Duckworth | 1 | 0.23 | |
| Total votes | 427 | 100 | ||
| Votes necessary | 214 | >50 | ||
Representatives voting for someone other than their party's speaker nominee were:[13]
■ Conor Lamb, who voted forHakeem Jeffries;
■ Jared Golden, who voted forU.S. SenatorTammy Duckworth.
Answering present were DemocratsMikie Sherrill,Elissa Slotkin andAbigail Spanberger.[13] Representatives absent were DemocratAlcee Hastings and RepublicansMaria Elvira Salazar andDavid Valadao.[11]
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