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| Turnout | 69.34 1.23pp[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 County results Congressional district results Precinct results
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| Elections in Oklahoma |
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The2020 United States presidential election in Oklahoma was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus theDistrict of Columbia participated.[2]Oklahoma voters chose electors to represent them in theElectoral College via a popular vote, pitting theRepublican Party's nominee, incumbent PresidentDonald Trump, and running mateVice PresidentMike Pence againstDemocratic Party nominee, former Vice PresidentJoe Biden, and his running mate California SenatorKamala Harris. Oklahoma has seven electoral votes in the Electoral College.[3]
Trump easily carried Oklahoma on Election Day by a margin of 33.08%, down from 36.39 points in2016. Oklahoma was one of two states where Trump won every county (though Oklahoma County was won by a plurality of votes, compared to the absolute majorities achieved across the state), the other beingWest Virginia. This also signaled the fifth consecutive election in which the Republican candidate carried every county in the state, including those counties encompassed by Native American reservations. In this election, Trump also became the first presidential candidate ever to win more than a million votes in Oklahoma.[4] Biden, however, came within 3,326 votes of winning Oklahoma's most populous countyOklahoma County, and won more than 40% of the vote in Oklahoma's second-most populous countyTulsa. No Democratic presidential candidate has won Oklahoma County sinceLyndon B. Johnson in his1964 landslide, or Tulsa County sinceFranklin D. Roosevelt in his1936 landslide. This is the first election since2000 in which not every county voted in the majority for the Republican, as Oklahoma County was won by Republicans with a 49.21% plurality. However, these gains in urban Oklahoma were partly offset by continued falloff in southeast Oklahoma, where Biden even underperformed Hillary Clinton's performance four years earlier in most counties.
The primary elections were held onSuper Tuesday, March 3, 2020.
Donald Trump andBill Weld were among the declared Republican candidates.
Trump won the state in a landslide victory against his five opponents.
| 2020 Oklahoma Republican presidential primary[5][6] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Popular vote | Delegates[7] | |
| Count | Percentage | ||
 Donald Trump (incumbent) | 273,738 | 92.60% | 43 |
| Joe Walsh(withdrawn) | 10,996 | 3.72% | 0 |
| Matthew Matern | 3,810 | 1.29% | 0 |
| Bob Ely | 3,294 | 1.11% | 0 |
| Rocky De La Fuente | 2,466 | 0.83% | 0 |
| Zoltan Istvan | 1,297 | 0.44% | 0 |
| Total | 295,601 | 100% | 43 |
Bernie Sanders,Elizabeth Warren, and formerVice PresidentJoe Biden were the major declared Democratic candidates.[8]
%2c_2020.svg)
| Candidate | Votes | % | Delegates[10] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Biden | 117,633 | 38.66 | 21 |
| Bernie Sanders | 77,425 | 25.45 | 13 |
| Michael Bloomberg | 42,270 | 13.89 | 2 |
| Elizabeth Warren | 40,732 | 13.39 | 1 |
| Amy Klobuchar(withdrawn)[a] | 6,733 | 2.21 | |
| Pete Buttigieg(withdrawn)[a] | 5,115 | 1.68 | |
| Tulsi Gabbard | 5,109 | 1.68 | |
| Tom Steyer(withdrawn)[a] | 2,006 | 0.66 | |
| Andrew Yang(withdrawn) | 1,997 | 0.66 | |
| Cory Booker(withdrawn) | 1,530 | 0.50 | |
| Michael Bennet(withdrawn) | 1,273 | 0.42 | |
| Marianne Williamson(withdrawn) | 1,158 | 0.38 | |
| Deval Patrick(withdrawn) | 680 | 0.22 | |
| Julian Castro(withdrawn) | 620 | 0.20 | |
| Total | 304,281 | 100% | 37 |
Three unaffiliated candidates filed to be on the Oklahoma presidential ballot, all by paying a $35,000 fee.Green Party candidateHowie Hawkins filed a lawsuit challenging the amount of the filing fee.[11]
Oklahoma determines ballot order by lot, with unaffiliated candidates listed below candidates of recognized parties. The drawing was held on July 16, with the resulting order for political parties being Republican, Libertarian, Democrat.[15] The unaffiliated candidates for president will be listed in this order: Jade Simmons, Kanye West, Brock Pierce.[16]
| Source | Ranking | As of |
|---|---|---|
| The Cook Political Report[17] | Safe R | September 10, 2020 |
| Inside Elections[18] | Safe R | September 4, 2020 |
| Sabato's Crystal Ball[19] | Safe R | July 14, 2020 |
| Politico[20] | Safe R | September 8, 2020 |
| RCP[21] | Safe R | August 3, 2020 |
| Niskanen[22] | Safe R | July 26, 2020 |
| CNN[23] | Safe R | August 3, 2020 |
| The Economist[24] | Safe R | September 2, 2020 |
| CBS News[25] | Likely R | August 16, 2020 |
| 270towin[26] | Safe R | August 2, 2020 |
| ABC News[27] | Safe R | July 31, 2020 |
| NPR[28] | Likely R | August 3, 2020 |
| NBC News[29] | Safe R | August 6, 2020 |
| 538[30] | Safe R | September 9, 2020 |
| Source of poll aggregation | Dates administered | Dates updated | Joe Biden Democratic | Donald Trump Republican | Other/ Undecided [b] | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 270 to Win[31] | October 17–21, 2020 | November 3, 2020 | 38.5% | 58.5% | 3.0% | Trump +20.0 |
| FiveThirtyEight[32] | until November 2, 2020 | November 3, 2020 | 36.2% | 59.2% | 4.6% | Trump +23.0 |
| Average | 37.4% | 58.9% | 3.7% | Trump +21.5 | ||
| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size[c] | Margin of error | Donald Trump Republican | Joe Biden Democratic | Jo Jorgensen Libertarian | Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SurveyMonkey/Axios[33] | Oct 20 – Nov 2, 2020 | 1,902 (LV) | ± 3% | 65%[d] | 35% | – | ||
| SurveyMonkey/Axios[33] | Oct 1–28, 2020 | 3,191 (LV) | – | 59% | 40% | – | – | – |
| SoonerPoll/News 9/News on 6[34] | Oct 15–20, 2020 | 5,466 (LV) | ± 1.33% | 59% | 37% | 1% | 2%[e] | 2% |
| SurveyMonkey/Axios[33] | Sep 1–30, 2020 | 1,174 (LV) | – | 63% | 35% | – | – | 2% |
| Amber Integrated[35] | Sep 17–20, 2020 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.38% | 55% | 33% | 1% | 5%[f] | 6% |
| SoonerPoll/News9[36][1] | Sep 2–8, 2020 | 486 (LV) | ± 4.45% | 60% | 35% | – | 1%[e] | 4% |
| SoonerPoll[37] | Aug 13–31, 2020 | 379 (LV) | ± 5.03% | 60% | 35% | – | 2%[g] | 4% |
| SurveyMonkey/Axios[33] | Aug 1–31, 2020 | 1,009 (LV) | – | 64% | 35% | – | – | 2% |
| SurveyMonkey/Axios[33] | Jul 1–31, 2020 | 1,410 (LV) | – | 64% | 34% | – | – | 4% |
| DFM Research/Abby Broyles for US Senate[38][A] | Jul 29–30, 2020 | 572 (LV) | ± 4.1% | 56% | 36% | – | 5%[h] | 3% |
| SurveyMonkey/Axios[33] | Jun 8–30, 2020 | 591 (LV) | – | 61% | 37% | – | – | 1% |
| Amber Integrated[39] | Jun 3–4, 2020 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.4% | 55% | 36% | – | 4%[i] | 5% |
| Amber Integrated[40] | Mar 5–8, 2020 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.4% | 57% | 33% | – | 4% | 5% |
| Cole Hargrave Snodgrass & Associates/OK Sooner[41] | Feb 10–13, 2020 | 500 (RV) | ± 4.3% | 62% | 34% | – | – | 4% |
Former candidates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Donald Trump vs. Bernie Sanders
Donald Trump vs. Pete Buttigieg
Donald Trump vs. Generic Democrat
|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Donald Trump Mike Pence | 1,020,280 | 65.37% | +0.05% | |
| Democratic | Joe Biden Kamala Harris | 503,890 | 32.29% | +3.36% | |
| Libertarian | Jo Jorgensen Spike Cohen | 24,731 | 1.58% | −4.17% | |
| Independent | Kanye West Michelle Tidball | 5,597 | 0.36% | N/A | |
| Independent | Jade Simmons Claudeliah Roze | 3,654 | 0.23% | N/A | |
| Independent | Brock Pierce Karla Ballard | 2,547 | 0.16% | N/A | |
| Total votes | 1,560,699 | 100.00% | |||
| County | Donald Trump Republican | Joe Biden Democratic | Various candidates Other parties | Margin | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adair | 5,585 | 78.57% | 1,387 | 19.51% | 136 | 1.92% | 4,198 | 59.06% | 7,108 |
| Alfalfa | 1,978 | 87.44% | 232 | 10.26% | 52 | 2.30% | 1,746 | 77.18% | 2,262 |
| Atoka | 4,557 | 84.56% | 765 | 14.20% | 67 | 1.24% | 3,792 | 70.36% | 5,389 |
| Beaver | 1,968 | 90.36% | 190 | 8.72% | 20 | 0.92% | 1,778 | 81.64% | 2,178 |
| Beckham | 6,767 | 85.14% | 1,048 | 13.19% | 133 | 1.67% | 5,719 | 71.95% | 7,948 |
| Blaine | 3,136 | 80.39% | 688 | 17.64% | 77 | 1.97% | 2,448 | 62.75% | 3,901 |
| Bryan | 12,344 | 77.27% | 3,323 | 20.80% | 309 | 1.93% | 9,021 | 56.47% | 15,976 |
| Caddo | 7,013 | 71.13% | 2,670 | 27.08% | 176 | 1.79% | 4,343 | 44.05% | 9,859 |
| Canadian | 43,550 | 70.31% | 16,742 | 27.03% | 1,648 | 2.66% | 26,808 | 43.28% | 61,940 |
| Carter | 14,699 | 75.46% | 4,470 | 22.95% | 310 | 1.59% | 10,229 | 52.51% | 19,479 |
| Cherokee | 11,223 | 63.36% | 6,027 | 34.02% | 464 | 2.62% | 5,196 | 29.34% | 17,714 |
| Choctaw | 4,698 | 80.56% | 1,082 | 18.55% | 52 | 0.89% | 3,616 | 62.01% | 5,832 |
| Cimarron | 970 | 92.03% | 70 | 6.64% | 14 | 1.43% | 900 | 85.39% | 1,054 |
| Cleveland | 66,677 | 55.67% | 49,827 | 41.60% | 3,274 | 2.73% | 16,850 | 14.07% | 119,778 |
| Coal | 2,091 | 82.84% | 374 | 14.82% | 59 | 2.34% | 1,717 | 68.02% | 2,524 |
| Comanche | 20,905 | 58.67% | 13,747 | 38.58% | 979 | 2.75% | 7,158 | 20.09% | 35,631 |
| Cotton | 2,117 | 82.31% | 393 | 15.28% | 62 | 2.41% | 1,724 | 67.03% | 2,572 |
| Craig | 4,686 | 77.69% | 1,217 | 20.18% | 129 | 2.13% | 3,469 | 57.51% | 6,032 |
| Creek | 23,294 | 76.36% | 6,577 | 21.56% | 634 | 2.08% | 16,717 | 54.80% | 30,505 |
| Custer | 8,060 | 75.39% | 2,369 | 22.16% | 262 | 2.45% | 5,691 | 53.23% | 10,691 |
| Delaware | 13,557 | 78.61% | 3,472 | 20.13% | 216 | 1.26% | 10,085 | 58.48% | 17,245 |
| Dewey | 2,124 | 90.04% | 214 | 9.07% | 21 | 0.89% | 1,910 | 80.97% | 2,359 |
| Ellis | 1,688 | 90.12% | 162 | 8.65% | 23 | 1.23% | 1,526 | 81.47% | 1,873 |
| Garfield | 16,970 | 75.66% | 4,919 | 21.93% | 541 | 2.41% | 12,051 | 53.73% | 22,430 |
| Garvin | 8,878 | 81.29% | 1,865 | 17.08% | 179 | 1.63% | 7,013 | 64.21% | 10,922 |
| Grady | 18,538 | 80.25% | 4,144 | 17.94% | 419 | 1.81% | 14,394 | 62.31% | 23,101 |
| Grant | 1,916 | 86.07% | 280 | 12.58% | 30 | 1.35% | 1,636 | 73.49% | 2,226 |
| Greer | 1,605 | 81.35% | 328 | 16.62% | 40 | 2.03% | 1,277 | 64.73% | 1,973 |
| Harmon | 747 | 80.06% | 177 | 18.97% | 9 | 0.97% | 570 | 61.09% | 933 |
| Harper | 1,327 | 89.24% | 136 | 9.15% | 24 | 1.61% | 1,191 | 80.09% | 1,487 |
| Haskell | 4,165 | 83.07% | 783 | 15.62% | 66 | 1.51% | 3,382 | 67.45% | 5,014 |
| Hughes | 3,875 | 79.78% | 919 | 18.92% | 63 | 1.30% | 2,956 | 60.86% | 4,857 |
| Jackson | 6,392 | 77.75% | 1,646 | 20.02% | 183 | 2.23% | 4,746 | 57.73% | 8,221 |
| Jefferson | 2,026 | 84.95% | 319 | 13.38% | 40 | 1.67% | 1,707 | 71.57% | 2,385 |
| Johnston | 3,441 | 80.95% | 738 | 17.36% | 72 | 1.69% | 2,703 | 63.59% | 4,251 |
| Kay | 12,834 | 74.40% | 4,040 | 23.42% | 375 | 2.18% | 8,794 | 50.98% | 17,249 |
| Kingfisher | 5,521 | 85.40% | 854 | 13.21% | 90 | 1.39% | 4,667 | 72.19% | 6,465 |
| Kiowa | 2,673 | 78.00% | 699 | 20.40% | 55 | 1.60% | 1,974 | 57.60% | 3,427 |
| Latimer | 3,437 | 80.89% | 762 | 17.93% | 50 | 1.18% | 2,675 | 62.96% | 4,249 |
| LeFlore | 15,213 | 80.90% | 3,299 | 17.54% | 293 | 1.56% | 11,914 | 63.36% | 18,805 |
| Lincoln | 12,013 | 80.69% | 2,609 | 17.52% | 266 | 1.79% | 9,404 | 63.17% | 14,888 |
| Logan | 15,608 | 72.35% | 5,455 | 25.29% | 511 | 2.36% | 10,153 | 47.06% | 21,574 |
| Love | 3,305 | 81.08% | 711 | 17.44% | 60 | 1.48% | 2,594 | 63.64% | 4,076 |
| McClain | 15,295 | 79.51% | 3,582 | 18.62% | 359 | 1.87% | 11,713 | 60.89% | 19,236 |
| McCurtain | 9,485 | 82.72% | 1,858 | 16.20% | 124 | 1.08% | 7,627 | 66.52% | 11,467 |
| McIntosh | 6,172 | 74.05% | 2,031 | 24.37% | 132 | 1.58% | 4,141 | 49.68% | 8,335 |
| Major | 3,084 | 88.95% | 320 | 9.23% | 63 | 1.82% | 2,764 | 79.72% | 3,467 |
| Marshall | 4,891 | 80.66% | 1,100 | 18.14% | 73 | 1.20% | 3,791 | 62.52% | 6,064 |
| Mayes | 12,749 | 76.68% | 3,581 | 21.54% | 296 | 1.78% | 9,168 | 55.14% | 16,626 |
| Murray | 4,612 | 78.25% | 1,156 | 19.61% | 126 | 2.14% | 3,456 | 58.64% | 5,894 |
| Muskogee | 16,526 | 65.89% | 8,027 | 32.00% | 528 | 2.11% | 8,499 | 33.89% | 25,081 |
| Noble | 3,821 | 77.38% | 1,003 | 20.31% | 114 | 2.31% | 2,818 | 57.07% | 4,938 |
| Nowata | 3,610 | 82.21% | 712 | 16.21% | 69 | 1.58% | 2,898 | 66.00% | 4,391 |
| Okfuskee | 3,058 | 75.73% | 896 | 22.19% | 84 | 2.08% | 2,062 | 53.54% | 4,038 |
| Oklahoma | 145,050 | 49.21% | 141,724 | 48.08% | 7,966 | 2.71% | 3,326 | 1.13% | 294,740 |
| Okmulgee | 9,668 | 67.55% | 4,357 | 30.44% | 288 | 2.01% | 5,311 | 37.11% | 14,313 |
| Osage | 14,121 | 68.76% | 6,002 | 29.22% | 415 | 2.02% | 8,119 | 39.54% | 20,538 |
| Ottawa | 8,545 | 74.71% | 2,686 | 23.48% | 207 | 1.81% | 5,859 | 51.23% | 11,438 |
| Pawnee | 5,267 | 77.62% | 1,363 | 20.09% | 156 | 2.29% | 3,904 | 57.53% | 6,786 |
| Payne | 17,813 | 60.09% | 10,904 | 36.78% | 926 | 3.13% | 6,909 | 23.31% | 29,643 |
| Pittsburg | 13,851 | 77.28% | 3,768 | 21.02% | 305 | 1.70% | 10,083 | 56.26% | 17,924 |
| Pontotoc | 10,805 | 70.53% | 4,117 | 26.87% | 398 | 2.60% | 6,688 | 43.66% | 15,320 |
| Pottawatomie | 20,240 | 71.81% | 7,275 | 25.81% | 670 | 2.38% | 12,965 | 46.00% | 28,185 |
| Pushmataha | 4,016 | 84.74% | 668 | 14.10% | 55 | 1.16% | 3,348 | 70.64% | 4,739 |
| Roger Mills | 1,629 | 88.82% | 168 | 9.16% | 37 | 2.02% | 1,461 | 79.66% | 1,834 |
| Rogers | 34,031 | 76.38% | 9,589 | 21.52% | 933 | 2.10% | 24,442 | 54.86% | 44,553 |
| Seminole | 6,011 | 72.10% | 2,150 | 25.79% | 176 | 2.11% | 3,861 | 46.31% | 8,337 |
| Sequoyah | 12,113 | 78.73% | 3,035 | 19.73% | 238 | 1.54% | 9,078 | 59.00% | 15,386 |
| Stephens | 15,560 | 81.65% | 3,154 | 16.55% | 343 | 1.80% | 12,404 | 65.10% | 19,057 |
| Texas | 4,505 | 81.60% | 894 | 16.19% | 122 | 2.21% | 3,611 | 65.41% | 5,521 |
| Tillman | 2,076 | 76.66% | 597 | 22.05% | 35 | 1.29% | 1,479 | 54.61% | 2,708 |
| Tulsa | 150,574 | 56.46% | 108,996 | 40.87% | 7,108 | 2.67% | 41,578 | 15.59% | 266,678 |
| Wagoner | 26,165 | 74.04% | 8,464 | 23.95% | 709 | 2.01% | 17,701 | 50.09% | 35,338 |
| Washington | 17,076 | 72.66% | 5,790 | 24.64% | 635 | 2.70% | 11,286 | 48.02% | 23,501 |
| Washita | 4,086 | 85.53% | 598 | 12.52% | 93 | 1.95% | 3,488 | 73.01% | 4,777 |
| Woods | 2,993 | 81.38% | 591 | 16.07% | 94 | 2.55% | 2,402 | 65.31% | 3,678 |
| Woodward | 6,611 | 84.92% | 1,005 | 12.91% | 169 | 2.17% | 5,606 | 72.01% | 7,785 |
| Totals | 1,020,280 | 65.37% | 503,890 | 32.29% | 36,529 | 2.34% | 516,390 | 33.08% | 1,560,699 |
Swing by county
Trend relative to the state by countyTrump won all five congressional districts.[44]
| District | Trump | Biden | Representative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 60% | 37% | Kevin Hern |
| 2nd | 76% | 22% | Markwayne Mullin |
| 3rd | 75% | 23% | Frank Lucas |
| 4th | 65% | 32% | Tom Cole |
| 5th | 51% | 46% | Kendra Horn (116th Congress) |
| Stephanie Bice (117th Congress) |
Ronda Vuillemont-Smith, Lonnie Lu Anderson, Chris Martin, Steve Fair, Linda Huggard, A. J. Ferate, Carolyn McLarty[45]
Erin Adams, Danny Chabino, Drew Cook, Kevin Hobbie, Rex Lawhorn, Jay Norton, Victoria Whitfield[46]
Judy Eason McIntyre,Eric Proctor, Jeff Berrong, Christine Byrd, Demetrios Bereolos, Pamela Iron, Shevonda Steward[47]
Shanda Carter, Terrence Stephens, Hope Stephens, Elizabeth Stephens, Dakota Hooks, Phalanda Boyd, Quincy Boyd[12]
April Anderson, Craig Alan Weygandt, Will Flanagan, Tom Krup, Megan Krup, Gretchen Schrupp, David Schrupp[14]
Robert Murphy, Susan Darlene Murphy, Richard Prawdzienski, Jessy Artman, David Selinger, Shane Wayne Howell, Angela McCaslin[13]
Oklahoma, a majority-White, mainly-rural state sandwiched between theSouth and theMidwest, has long been a Republican stronghold at the presidential level, although Democrats did well in state-level elections until the 2000s. 4 of 5 congressional seats are considered non-competitive for Democrats, and it hasn't voted for a Democratic presidential candidate sinceLyndon B. Johnson carried it in1964, against the backdrop of his nationwidelandslide victory. Oklahoma was last competitive at the presidential level in1996.
Despite Trump's win in the state, Biden came less than 1 percentage point of flipping the rapidly-urbanizing Oklahoma County, which hosts the state capital, while he also reduced Trump's margin of victory in Tulsa County. Meanwhile, Trump carried the state's onlyHispanic-majority county ofTexas, located in theOklahoma panhandle. He also held onto the only two plurality-Native American counties in the state:Adair andCherokee, both encompassed by theCherokee Reservation, and the latter hosting the tribal capital inTahlequah. Trump also exhibited considerable strength in the historically Democratic region known as "Little Dixie," carryingOklahoma's 2nd congressional district by 54%. The counties encompassed by the Cherokee,Choctaw,Chickasaw,Muscogee,Seminole,Osage, andPawnee reservations were all captured by Trump by large margins.
Perexit polls by theAssociated Press, Trump's strength in Oklahoma came fromwhites, with 71% support; he narrowly won 50% of the state's non-white vote (most notably from the state's largeNative American population). Oklahoma, often termed the "Buckle of the Bible Belt", is a veryreligious state, with Trump capturing theProtestant vote by 78%.[48]
| 2020 presidential election in Oklahoma by demographic subgroup (New York Times)[49] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic subgroup | Biden | Trump | % of total vote |
| Total vote | 32.29 | 65.37 | 100 |
| Ideology | |||
| Liberals | 73 | 27 | 21 |
| Moderates | 46 | 52 | 30 |
| Conservatives | 7 | 91 | 49 |
| Party | |||
| Democrats | 90 | 9 | 29 |
| Republicans | 7 | 92 | 68 |
| Gender | |||
| Men | 26 | 72 | 46 |
| Women | 37 | 62 | 53 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 28 | 71 | 78 |
| Non-white | 49 | 50 | 22 |
| Age | |||
| 18–29 years old | 55 | 43 | 10 |
| 30–44 years old | 36 | 62 | 20 |
| 45–64 years old | 29 | 70 | 37 |
| 65 and older | 28 | 71 | 33 |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| LGBT | – | – | 10 |
| Not LGBT | 25 | 75 | 90 |
| Education | |||
| High school or less | 29 | 70 | 29 |
| Somecollege, orassociate degree | 36 | 62 | 36 |
| College graduate | 20 | 69 | 22 |
| Postgraduate degree | – | – | 13 |
| Area type | |||
| Urban | 43 | 55 | 17 |
| Suburban | 39 | 59 | 37 |
| Small town | 25 | 73 | 20 |
| Rural | 21 | 78 | 25 |
Partisan clients
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