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All751 seats to theEuropean Parliament 376 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 198,352,638(50.66%[1] 8.01pp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Post-election composition of each member state's delegation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The2019 European Parliament election was held in theEuropean Union (EU) between 23 and 26 May 2019. It was the ninthparliamentary election since thefirst direct elections in 1979. A total of 751Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) were elected to represent more than 512 million people from 28member states. In February 2018, the European Parliament had voted to decrease the number of MEPs from 751 to 705 if theUnited Kingdom were towithdraw from the European Union on 29 March 2019.[2] However, theUnited Kingdom participated alongside other EU member states after anextension of Article 50 to 31 October 2019; therefore, the allocation of seats between the member states and the total number of seats remained as it had been in 2014.[3]
On 26 May 2019, the centre-left and centre-right parties suffered significant losses, while pro-EUcentrist,liberal andenvironmentalist parties and anti-EUright-wing populist parties made substantial gains.[4][5] TheEuropean People's Party led byManfred Weber won the most seats in the European Parliament, making Weber the leading candidate to become the nextPresident of the European Commission.[6][7] Despite this, theEuropean Council decided after the election to nominateUrsula von der Leyen as new Commission President.
On 7 June 2018, the Council agreed at ambassador level to change the EU electoral law and to reform old laws from the 1976 Electoral Act. The purpose of the reform is to increase participation in elections, raise understanding of their European character and prevent irregular voting while at the same time respecting the constitutional and electoral traditions of the member states.[8] The reform forbids double voting and voting in third countries, thus improving the visibility of European political parties.[8] To avoid double voting, contact authorities are established to exchange data on voters, a process that has to start at least six weeks before the elections.[8]
The European Parliament gave its consent on 4 July 2018 and the Act was adopted by the Council on 13 July 2018. However, not all member states ratified the Act prior to the 2019 elections and therefore this election took place in line with the previous rules.[9][10]
TheSpitzenkandidat process involves the nomination by European political parties of candidates for the role of Commission President, the party winning the most seats in the European Parliament receiving the first opportunity to attempt to form a majority to back their candidate (akin to how heads of government are elected in national parliamentary democracies). This process was first used in 2014 and was opposed by some in theEuropean Council. The future of the process is uncertain, but the European Parliament has attempted to codify the process and the parties are almost certain to select the candidates again.[11] On 23 January 2018, the Constitutional Affairs Committee adopted a text stating that theSpitzenkandidat process could not be overturned, and that Parliament "will be ready to reject any candidate in the investiture procedure of the Commission President who was not appointed as aSpitzenkandidat in the run-up to the European elections".[12] In May 2018, a Eurobarometer poll suggested that 49% of the 27,601 individuals from all 28 EU countries surveyed think that theSpitzenkandidat process will help them vote in the next European elections while 70% also think that the process requires a real debate on European issues.[13]
IncumbentJean-Claude Juncker stated he would not seek a second term as President of the European Commission.[14]
Two candidates sought the nomination of the EPP:
At their 2018 Congress in Helsinki, the EPP elected Manfred Weber as theirSpitzenkandidat for President of the European Commission.[17]
Previous candidateMartin Schulz left the European Parliament in 2017 to head theSocial Democratic Party of Germany, but he stepped down from the latter position in 2018.
Two candidates were nominated by PES member parties and organisations:
Šefčovič announced his withdrawal in November and supported Frans Timmermans as the Common Candidate.[20]
The party convened an extraordinary Congress in Lisbon to ratify the election of the candidate and to vote upon the manifesto.
Jan Zahradil, an MEP for the CzechCivic Democratic Party, is theSpitzenkandidat of theEuropean Conservatives and Reformists.
Rather than present a single candidate, the ALDE group presented a Team Europe of seven people as the alliance's leading candidates:[21]
As in 2014, theGreens adopted the principle of having two leading candidates for the European Elections 2019.[25] Unlike in 2014, where the candidates were chosen through an open online primary elections, the two leading candidates were elected by the Council of the Party in Berlin in November 2018.[26] Four people, two of them being currently MEPs, have declared their candidacy:[26]
At their 2018 Congress in Berlin, the party elected Ska Keller and Bas Eickhout as theirSpitzenkandidaten for the President of the European Commission.
Oriol Junqueras, aCatalan historian, academic and formerVice President of Catalonia who, at the time of the election, was imprisoned because of his involvement in the2017 Catalan independence referendum, was theSpitzenkandidat of theEuropean Free Alliance.[27][28]
The designated candidates areVioleta Tomič fromSlovenia and Belgian trade-unionistNico Cué.[29]
TheEurope of Freedom and Direct Democracy was widely expected to disband after the election. One reason was that its biggest share of MEPs came from the United Kingdom, which was long expected to leave the EU before the election. The second was that the second-biggest partner, Italy'sFive Star Movement (M5S), felt uneasy about this alliance anyway, having unsuccessfully tried to join the Greens/EFA or ALDE group instead. In February 2019, M5S alongside partners from Croatia, Finland, Greece and Poland presented a new alliance of anti-establishment parties that claim to be neither left nor right.[30]
In the 5-month period preceding the 2019 European Parliament elections, the blog byoblu.com, which collaborated with theFive Star Movement (M5S), published deceptive information on Twitter, spreading disinformation during the 2019 European elections.[31] The blog byoblu.com is owned by Claudio Messora, who was the head of communications for the 5 Star Movement and a close associate and friend of Beppe Grillo.[32]
The Movement is an alliance ofpopulist parties set up bySteve Bannon in 2018 with the purpose of contesting the European elections. Participating parties included, at least temporarily,Lega Nord,People's Party of Belgium andBrothers of Italy and possibly FrenchNational Rally. Originally envisioned as an attempt to unite the populist parties in Europe, The Movement has so far been snubbed by theAlternative for Germany,[33] theFreedom Party of Austria[34] and theUK Independence Party.[35] In March 2019, reporters assessed Bannon's project as a failure.[36][37] Shortly ahead of the election,Marine Le Pen of the French National Rally distanced herself from Bannon, clarifying that he played no role in her party's campaign.[38]
In April 2019,Matteo Salvini of Italy's Lega launched theEuropean Alliance of Peoples and Nations as a new coalition of populist, hard Eurosceptic and anti-immigration parties. It has been joined by most of the members of the outgoingEurope of Nations and Freedom group (including Lega, the FrenchNational Rally,Freedom Party of Austria and the DutchParty for Freedom) as well as some former EFDD (Alternative for Germany) and ECR parties (Danish People's Party andFinns Party). It has been predicted to become the fourth largest group in parliament with an estimate of more than 80 MEPs.[39]
2019 saw the debut of new parties such asWiosna of Poland,Czech Pirate Party of Czech Republic,USR-PLUS of Romania,Human Shield andMost of Croatia,ĽSNS andProgressive Slovakia of Slovakia. Some of the new parties have already joined European parties, e.g.LMŠ of Slovenia is a member of ALDE.
The newBrexit Party won 29 seats in theUnited Kingdom.[40] As such, it won the most seats by any national political party in the parliament; the German CDU/CSU also won 29 seats but as an alliance.
The biggest new party after UK exit isLa République En Marche! (LREM) of French PresidentEmmanuel Macron that was formed in 2016 and won the French presidential and parliamentary elections of the following year. Initially, it balked at joining any of the existing party families, instead trying to form a new parliamentary group of pro-European centrists who support Macron's plans to reform the European institutions, drawing away members from ALDE, EPP, and S&D.[41][42] Possible partners for such a project were expected to include SpanishCiudadanos,Progressive Slovakia, and the HungarianMomentum Movement.[41] However, the hypothetical group was considered to have difficulties to find MEPs from at least seven member states as is required to form a new group.[41] In November 2018, LREM decided to cooperate with the liberal ALDE Group instead. Nevertheless, Macron stressed that this was merely a loose alliance and his party is not a member of ALDE Party. He bluntly criticised ALDE for accepting donations from theBayer-Monsanto chemical group while LREM's campaign chief threatened to recall the alliance.[43] In April and May 2019, LREM continued its efforts to build a broader group, including ALDE, but also centrist and centre-left parties outside of ALDE.[44][45]
TheEuropean Spring initiated from theDemocracy in Europe Movement 2025 ran as a pan-European party alliance with one unified vision for Europe, the European Green New Deal.[46] The most prominent figure is the former Greek ministerYanis Varoufakis, who ran as a candidate in the constituency of Germany, but failed to secure a seat.[47] Despite garnering approximately one and a half million votes, no representatives who ran DiEM25 were elected, due to the votes being dispersed throughout different EU countries.[48]
As a new pan-European party,Volt Europa was founded in different European countries two years before the elections and successfully campaigned in eight EU countries for the elections with one transnational programme.[49] Despite missing its own goal to create aparliamentary group on its own, approximately half a million votes in total were sufficient to send one of the founders,Damian Boeselager, into theEuropean Parliament via aGerman Volt list.[50] Since June 2019, Volt is part of the group of theGreens/EFA.[51]
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| Date | Time (CEST) | Institute | Participants | Location | Language | Main presenter(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 April 2019 | 21:00 | France 24 and RFI[52] | Timmermans and Weber | Strasbourg | French | Caroline de Camaret (France 24) and Dominique Baillard (RFI) |
| 17 April 2019 | 22:00 | France 24[53][54] | Timmermans and Weber | Strasbourg | English | Catherine Nicholson (France 24) |
| 29 April 2019 | 19:00 | Politico Europe[55] | Eickhout, Timmermans, Tomić, Verhofstadt and Zahradil | Maastricht | English | Ryan Heath (Politico Europe) and Rianne Letschert (Maastricht University) |
| 2 May 2019 | 18:00 | Financial Times[56] | Keller, Timmermans, Verhofstadt and Weber | Florence | English | Martin Sandbu (Financial Times) |
| 7 May 2019 | 20:15 | ARD[57] | Timmermans and Weber | Cologne | German | Ellen Ehni and Andreas Cichowicz (both ARD) |
| 15 May 2019 | 21:00 | EBU[58] | Cué, Keller, Timmermans, Vestager, Weber, and Zahradil | Brussels | English | Émilie Tran Nguyen (France Television), Markus Preiss (ARD Germany), and Annastiina Heikkilä (YLE Finland) |
| 16 May 2019 | 20:15 | ZDF and ORF[59] | Timmermans and Weber | Berlin | German | Peter Frey (ZDF) and Ingrid Thurnher (ORF) |
| 21 May 2019 | 22:00 | NOS andNTR[60] | Timmermans and Weber | Hilversum | German and Dutch | Jeroen Wollaars (NOS) |
| Group (2019–24) | Votes | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | ∆ | % | |||
| EPP | European People's Party group | 41,211,023[a] | 20.80 | 182 / 751 |  −34 | 24.23 | |
| S&D | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats | 35,421,084 | 17.88 | 154 / 751 | −31 | 20.51 | |
| RE | Renew Europe[b] | 23,788,652[c] | 12.01 | 108 / 751 | +39 | 14.38 | |
| G/EFA | Greens–European Free Alliance | 19,886,513[d] | 10.04 | 74 / 751 | +22 | 9.85 | |
| ID | Identity and Democracy[e] | 20,980,853 | 10.59 | 73 / 751 | +37 | 9.72 | |
| ECR | European Conservatives and Reformists | 14,207,477 | 7.17 | 62 / 751 | −15 | 8.26 | |
| GUE/NGL | European United Left–Nordic Green Left | 10,219,537[f] | 5.16 | 41 / 751 | −11 | 5.46 | |
| NI | Non-Inscrits | 12,923,417 | 6.52 | 57 / 751 | +37 | 7.59 | |
| All others | 19,453,922 | 9.82 | 0 / 751 | N/A | 0.00 | ||
| Total | 198,352,638 | 100.00 | 751 |  | 100.00 | ||
| Vote totals given account only for lists which won seats and joined the corresponding group or sat as non-inscrits. | |||||||
| EPP | 20.80% | |||
| S&D | 17.88% | |||
| RE | 12.01% | |||
| ID | 10.59% | |||
| G/EFA | 10.04% | |||
| ECR | 7.17% | |||
| GUE/NGL | 5.16% | |||
| NI | 6.52% | |||
| Other | 9.82% | |||
| EPP | 24.23% | |||
| S&D | 20.51% | |||
| RE | 14.38% | |||
| G/EFA | 9.85% | |||
| ID | 9.72% | |||
| ECR | 8.26% | |||
| GUE/NGL | 5.46% | |||
| NI | 7.59% | |||
| Party | Votes (%) | Seats (%) | Difference | Difference squared | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPP | 20.80% | 24.23% | 3.43 | 11.7649 | |
| S&D | 17.88% | 20.51% | 2.63 | 6.9169 | |
| RE | 12.01% | 14.38% | 2.37 | 5.6169 | |
| G/EFA | 10.04% | 9.85% | -0.19 | 0.0361 | |
| ID | 10.59% | 9.72% | -0.87 | 0.7569 | |
| ECR | 7.17% | 8.26% | 1.09 | 1.1881 | |
| GUE/NGL | 5.16% | 5.46% | 0.3 | 0.09 | |
| NI | 6.52% | 7.59% | 1.07 | 1.1449 | |
| Wasted vote | 9.82% | 0.00% | -9.82 | 96.4324 | |
| Total of differences squared | 123.9471 | ||||
| Total / 2 | 61.9736 | ||||
| Square root of (Total / 2):Gallagher Index result | 7.87 | ||||
| The Gallagher Index ranges from 0 to 100. Low indexes (close to 0) are very proportionate, high indexes (20 or greater) are very disproportionate. | |||||
| State | Political groups | MEPs | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPP (EPP,ECPM) | S&D (PES,EDP) | RE (ALDE,EDP) | G/EFA (EGP,EFA) | ID (IDP) | ECR (ECRP,ECPM,EFA) | GUE/NGL (PEL) | NI | ||||||||||
 Austria | 7 (ÖVP) | +2 | 5 (SPÖ) | = | 1 (NEOS) | = | 2 (Grüne) | −1 | 3 (FPÖ) | −1 | 18 | ||||||
 Belgium | 2 (CD&V) 1 (CDH) 1 (CSP) | = = = | 2 (PS) 1 (SP.A) | −1 = | 2 (Open VLD) 2 (MR) | −1 −1 | 2 (ECOLO) 1 (Groen) | +1 = | 3 (VB) | +2 | 3 (N-VA) | −1 | 1 (PTB) | +1 | 21 | ||
 Bulgaria | 5+1 (GERB+SDS) 1 (DSB) | = = | 5 (BSP) | +1 | 3 (DPS) | −1 | 2 (VMRO) | +1 | 17 | ||||||||
 Croatia | 4 (HDZ) | −1 | 3 (SDP) | +1 | 1 (AMS:IDS) | −1 | 1 (HKS) | = | 1 (Human Shield) 1 (Kolakušić) | +1 +1 | 11 | ||||||
 Cyprus | 2 (DISY) | = | 1 (EDEK) 1 (DIKO) | = = | 2 (AKEL) | = | 6 | ||||||||||
 Czech Republic | 2+1 (TOP 09+STAN) 2 (KDU–ČSL) | −1 −1 | 6 (ANO) | +2 | 3 (Piráti) | +3 | 2 (SPD) | +2 | 4 (ODS) | +2 | 1 (KSČM) | −2 | 21 | ||||
 Denmark | 1 (C) | = | 3 (S) | = | 3 (V) 2 (B) | +1 +1 | 2 (SF) | +1 | 1 (O) | −3 | 1 (RG) | +1 | 13 | ||||
 Estonia | 2 (SDE) | +1 | 2 (RE) 1 (KE) | = = | 1 (EKRE) | +1 | 6 | ||||||||||
 Finland | 3 (Kok.) | = | 2 (SDP) | = | 2 (Kesk.) 1 (SFP) | −1 = | 2 (VIHR) | +1 | 2 (PS) | = | 1 (Vas.) | = | 13 | ||||
 France | 8 (LR-LC) | −12 | 5 (PS-PP-ND) | −8 | 21 (LREM-MoDem-Agir–MR) | +21 | 12 (EELV) | +6 | 22 (RN) | −2 | 6 (FI) | +6 | 74 | ||||
 Germany | 23 (CDU) 6 (CSU) | −5 +1 | 16 (SPD) | −11 | 5 (FDP) 2 (FW) | +2 +1 | 21 (B’90/Grüne) 1 (ÖDP) 1 (Piraten) 1 (Volt Europa) 1 (PARTEI) | +10 = = +1 +1 | 11 (AfD) | +4 | 1 (Familie) | = | 5 (Linke) 1 (Tierschutz) | −2 = | 1 (PARTEI) | = | 96 |
 Greece | 8 (ND) | +3 | 2 (KINAL) | = | 1 (EL)[62] | +1 | 6 (SYRIZA) | = | 2 (KKE) 2 (XA) | = −1 | 21 | ||||||
 Hungary | 12+1 (Fidesz+KDNP) | +1 | 1 (MSZP) 4 (DK) | −1 +2 | 2 (MoMo) | +2 | 1 (Jobbik) | −2 | 21 | ||||||||
 Ireland | 4 (FG) | = | 1 (FF) | = | 2 (GP) | +2 | 2 (I4C) 1 (SF) 1 (Flanagan) | +2 −2 = | 11 | ||||||||
 Italy | 6 (FI) 1 (SVP) | −7 = | 19 (PD) | −12 | 28 (Lega) | +23 | 5 (FdI) | +5 | 14 (M5S) | −3 | 73 | ||||||
 Latvia | 2 (JV) | −2 | 2 (Saskaņa) | +1 | 1 (AP!) | +1 | 1 (LKS) | = | 2 (NA) | +1 | 8 | ||||||
 Lithuania | 3 (TS–LKD) 1 (Maldeikienė) | +1 +1 | 2 (LSDP) | = | 1 (DP) 1 (LRLS) | = −1 | 2 (LVŽS) | +1 | 1 (LLRA) | = | 11 | ||||||
 Luxembourg | 2 (CSV) | −1 | 1 (LSAP) | = | 2 (DP) | +1 | 1 (Gréng) | = | 6 | ||||||||
 Malta | 2 (PN) | −1 | 4 (PL) | +1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
 Netherlands | 4 (CDA) 1 (50+) 1 (CU) | −1 +1 +1 | 6 (PvdA) | +3 | 2 (D66) 4 (VVD) | −2 +1 | 3 (GL) | +1 | 3 (FvD) 1 (SGP) | +3 = | 1 (PvdD) | = | 26 | ||||
 Poland | 14+3 (KE:KO+PSL) | - 6 | 5 (KE:SLD) 3 (Wiosna) | = +3 | 26 (PiS-SP) | +8 | 51 | ||||||||||
 Portugal | 6 (PSD) 1 (CDS–PP) | = = | 9 (PS) | +1 | 1 (PAN) | +1 | 2 (CDU:PCP) 2 (BE) | −1 +1 | 21 | ||||||||
 Romania | 10 (PNL) 2 (UDMR) 2 (PMP) | −1 = = | 8 (PSD) 2 (PRO) | −8 +2 | 8 (USR-PLUS) | +8 | 32 | ||||||||||
 Slovakia | 2 (PS+SPOLU): (SPOLU) 1 (KDH) 1 (OĽaNO) | +2 −1 = | 3 (Smer–SD) | −1 | 2 (PS+SPOLU): (PS) | +2 | 2 (SaS) | +1 | 2 (ĽSNS) | +2 | 13 | ||||||
 Slovenia | 2+1 (SDS+SLS) 1 (NSi) | −1 = | 2 (SD) | +1 | 2 (LMS) | +2 | 8 | ||||||||||
 Spain | 12 (PP) | −4 | 20 (PSOE) | +6 | 7 (Cs) 1 (CEUS:EAJ/PNV) | +1 = | 1 (AR:ERC) 1 (UP:CatComú) | -1 = | 3 (VOX) | +3 | 3+2 (UP:Podemos+IU) 1 (AR:EH Bildu) | −5 = | 2 (JuntsxCat) 1 (AR:ERC) | +2 +1 | 54 | ||
 Sweden | 4 (M) 2 (KD) | +1 +1 | 5 (S) | = | 2 (C) 1 (L) | +1 −1 | 2 (MP) | −2 | 3 (SD) | +1 | 1 (V) | = | 20 | ||||
 United Kingdom | 10 (LAB) | −10 | 16 (LD) 1 (Alliance) | +15 +1 | 7 (GPEW) 3 (SNP) 1 (PC) | +4 +1 = | 4 (CON) | −15 | 1 (SF) | = | 29 (Brexit Party) 1 (DUP) | +29 = | 73 | ||||
| Total | MEPs | ||||||||||||||||
| EPP | S&D | RE | G/EFA | ID | ECR | GUE/NGL | NI | ||||||||||
| 182 (24.2%) | −39 | 154 (20.5%) | −37 | 108 (14.4%) | +41 | 74 (9.9%) | +24 | 73 (9.7%) | +26 | 62 (8.3%) | −8 | 41 (5.5%) | −11 | 57 (7.6%) | +5 | 751 | |
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In June 2018, the European Council decided to reapportion 27 of the 73 seats which would become vacant in the event of theUnited Kingdom leaving the EU. As the United Kingdom was still a member of the EU at the time of the election, the elections were held with the same allocation of seats as in 2014. When the United Kingdom left the EU, 27 of the seats were reallocated to other EU member states as shown below, resulting in a total of 705 MEPs.[63]
| State | Seats before | Seats after | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 18 | 19 | 1 |
| Belgium | 21 | 21 | 0 |
| Bulgaria | 17 | 17 | 0 |
| Croatia | 11 | 12 | 1 |
| Cyprus | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Czech Republic | 21 | 21 | 0 |
| Denmark | 13 | 14 | 1 |
| Estonia | 6 | 7 | 1 |
| Finland | 13 | 14 | 1 |
| France | 74 | 79 | 5 |
| Germany | 96 | 96 | 0 |
| Greece | 21 | 21 | 0 |
| Hungary | 21 | 21 | 0 |
| Ireland | 11 | 13 | 2 |
| Italy | 73 | 76 | 3 |
| Latvia | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| Lithuania | 11 | 11 | 0 |
| Luxembourg | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Malta | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Netherlands | 26 | 29 | 3 |
| Poland | 51 | 52 | 1 |
| Portugal | 21 | 21 | 0 |
| Romania | 32 | 33 | 1 |
| Slovakia | 13 | 14 | 1 |
| Slovenia | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| Spain | 54 | 59 | 5 |
| Sweden | 20 | 21 | 1 |
| United Kingdom | 73 | 0 | 73 |
| Total | 751 | 705 | 46 |
The table below shows the changes in group composition after the United Kingdom left the EU.
| Member state | Political groups | MEPs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPP | S&D | RE | G/EFA | ID | ECR | GUE/NGL | NI | ||
| Austria | +1 (Grüne) | +1 | |||||||
| Croatia | +1 (SDP) | +1 | |||||||
| Denmark | +1 (V) | +1 | |||||||
| Estonia | +1 (PP) | +1 | |||||||
| Finland | +1 (VIHR) | +1 | |||||||
| France | +1 (PS) | +1 (LREM) +1 (IV) | +1 (EELV) | +1 (RN) | +5 | ||||
| Ireland | +1 (FG) | +1 (FF) | +2 | ||||||
| Italy | +1 (FI) | +1 (LN) | +1 (FdI) | +3 | |||||
| Netherlands | +1 (VVD) | +1 (PVV)[g] | +1 (FvD) | +3 | |||||
| Poland | +1 (PiS) | +1 | |||||||
| Romania | +1 (PSD) | +1 | |||||||
| Slovakia | +1 (KDH) | +1 | |||||||
| Spain | +1 (PP) | +1 (PSOE) | +1 (Cs) | +1 (VOX) | +1 (JuntsxCat) | +5 | |||
| Sweden | +1 (MP) | +1 | |||||||
| United Kingdom | −10 (Lab) | −16 (LibDem) −1 (APNI) | −7 (Green) −3 (SNP) −1 (PC) | −4 (Con) | −1 (SF) | −29 (Brexit Party) −1 (DUP) | −73 | ||
| Change | +5 | −6 | −11 | −7 | +3 | 0 | −1 | −29 | −46 |
There were no pan-European polls for the European elections. However, several organisations calculated the theoretical seat distribution in the European Parliament based on national polls in all member states. The table below displays these different projections. Since the United Kingdom notified itsintention to leave the European Union in March 2017, the United Kingdom was expected not to participate in the European elections and was therefore excluded from projections. On 10 April 2019, the European Council extended the Brexit deadline to 31 October 2019, and the UK did participate in the European elections.[64] The UK was included in most projections after that date.
| Institute | Date | EPP | S&D | RE | Greens/EFA | ID | ECR | GUE/NGL | EFDD | NI | Far-right (NI) | Far-left (NI) | Moderate (NI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election result[65] | 2019-05-26 | 182 | 154 | 108 | 74 | 73 | 62 | 41 | 44[a] | 13 → | 7 | 2 | 4 |
| Europe Elects[66] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-05-21 | 172 | 151 | 110 | 59 (incl. 5 Pirates) | 82 (as EAPN) | 60 | 52 | 52 (28 from Brexit) | 13 | – | – | |
| election.de[67] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-05-20 | 169 (no Fidesz) | 155 | 99 | 57 | 84 (asEAPN) | 82 (15 from Fidesz) | 53 | 41 (as5SDD with Brexit) | 11 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[66] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-05-14 | 178 | 153 | 104 | 55 | 82 (as EAPN) | 61 | 51 | 48 | 13+5 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[68] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-05-08 | 157 | 174 | 99 | 49 | 85 | 75 | 46 | 29 | 37 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[66] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-05-07 | 180 | 158 | 101 | 51 | 84 (as EAPN) | 61 | 50 | 45 | 12+9 | – | – | – |
| election.de[69] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-05-05 | 175 (no Fidesz) | 147 | 99 | 63 | 79 (asEAPN) | 81 (13 from Fidesz) | 53 | 22 (as5SDD) | 32 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[70] (without United Kingdom) | 2019-05-01 | 178 | 125 | 74 (no En Marche) | 50 | 57 | 49 | 50 | 36 | → | 30 | 4 | 52 (24 from En Marche) |
| Europe Elects[66] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-04-30 | 180 | 159 | 102 | 51 | 82 (as EAPN) | 61 | 49 | – | 12+55 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[71] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-04-25 | 180 | 161 | 104 | 51 | 85 (as EAPN) | 64 | 49 | – | 13+44 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[72] (without United Kingdom) | 2019-04-23 | 181 | 145 | 107 | 49 | 75 | 58 | 45 | 25 | 20 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[73] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-04-16 | 177 | 148 | 73 (no En Marche) | 57 | 63 | 58 | 48 | 40 | → | 35 | 3 | 49 (22 from En Marche) |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[73] (without United Kingdom) | 2019-04-16 | 185 | 132 | 67 (no En Marche) | 50 | 57 | 47 | 51 | 27 | → | 39 | 3 | 47 (22 from En Marche) |
| Bidimedia[74] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-04-12 | 175 | 158 | 96 | 49 | 63 | 74 | 47 | 32 | 7+50 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[75] (with United Kingdom) | 2019-04-12 | 176 | 171 | 98 | 49 | 74 | 76 | 46 | 27 | 34 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[76] | 2019-04-10 | 184 | 135 | 106 | 47 | 63 | 63 | 51 | 35 | 11+10 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[77] | 2019-04-10 | 184 | 135 | 106 | 47 | 84 (as EAPN) | 63 | 51 | 24 | 11+10 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[78] | 2019-04-05 | 193 | 140 | 99 | 48 | 75 | 60 | 48 | 19 (only M5S) | 23 | – | – | – |
| European Parliament[79] | 2019-03-29 | 188 | 142 | 72 (no En Marche) | 51 | 61 | 43 | 49 | 30 | 37 | – | – | 22 (only En Marche) |
| EU19.EU[80] | 2019-03-29 | 187 | 145 | 99 | 47 | 74 | 61 | 50 | 22 (only M5S) | 20 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[81] | 2019-03-27 | 184 | 146 | 102 | 45 | 78 | 59 | 49 | 22 (only M5S) | 20 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[82] | 2019-03-25 | 177 | 135 | 105 | 46 | 62 | 64 | 53 | 40 | 12+11 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[83] | 2019-03-21 | 180 | 135 | 102 | 50 | 81 | 67 | 48 | 23 (only M5S) | 19 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[84] | 2019-03-18 | 181 | 135 | 101 | 50 | 82 | 65 | 48 | 24 (only M5S) | 19 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[85] | 2019-03-15 | 183 | 134 | 73 (no En Marche) | 46 | 60 | 40 | 49 | 32 | → | 38 | 3 | 47 (21 from En Marche) |
| election.de[86] | 2019-03-15 | 175 (no Fidesz) | 132 | 98 | 57 | 62 | 59 | 53 | 61 (12 from Fidesz) | 8 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[87] | 2019-03-14 | 178 | 143 | 101 | 47 | 83 | 58 | 51 | 24 (only M5S) | 20 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[88] | 2019-03-06 | 186 | 142 | 94 | 48 | 81 | 60 | 49 | 25 (only M5S) | 20 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[89] | 2019-03-04 | 185 | 141 | 94 | 47 | 83 | 59 | 52 | 25 (only M5S) | 19 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[90] | 2019-03-01 | 182 | 138 | 97 | 47 | 83 | 59 | 53 | 26 (only M5S) | 20 | – | – | – |
| European Parliament[91] | 2019-02 | 181 | 135 | 75 | 49 | 59 | 46 | 47 | 39 | 74 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[92] | 2019-02-26 | 173 | 144 | 99 | 50 | 82 | 59 | 51 | 26 (only M5S) | 21 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[93] | 2019-02-24 | 185 | 139 | 68 (no En Marche) | 43 | 59 | 46 | 50 | 34 | → | 40 | 3 | 38 (21 from En Marche) |
| EU19.EU[94] | 2019-02-21 | 170 | 141 | 104 | 48 | 84 | 62 | 50 | 23 (only M5S) | 23 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[95] | 2019-02-20 | 168 | 143 | 106 | 48 | 83 | 63 | 49 | 24 (only M5S) | 23 | – | – | – |
| Eurobarometer[96] | 2019-02-18 | 183 | 135 | 75 (no En Marche) | 45 | 59 | 51 | 46 | 43 | 22+58 | – | – | – |
| EU19.EU[97] | 2019-02-16 | 167 | 143 | 104 | 47 | 85 | 63 | 47 | 25 (only M5S) | 24 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[98] | 2019-02-03 | 191 | 138 | 68 (no En Marche) | 45 | 56 | 56 | 52 | 35 | → | 39 | 3 | 36 (21 from En Marche) |
| European Parliament[91] | 2019-01 | 186 | 129 | 77 | 46 | 60 | 43 | 45 | 34 | 85 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[99] ("United Right Scenario") | 2019-01-30 | 191 | 129 | 98 | 47 | 132 | – | 56 | – | 12+40 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[99] ("EFDD breaks apart scenario") | 2019-01-30 | 177 | 129 | 98 | 47 | 77 | 93 | 56 | – | 12+16 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[100] | 2019-01-13 | 177 | 129 | 98 | 47 | 62 | 62 | 56 | 46 | 12+16 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[101] | 2019-01-08 | 181 | 130 | 90 | 49 | 63 | 58 | 57 | 14 | 11+52 | – | – | – |
| European Parliament[91] | 2018-12 | 185 | 131 | 78 | 42 | 62 | 45 | 49 | 46 | 67 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[102] | 2018-12-05 | 178 | 133 | 96 | 43 | 61 | 53 | 58 | 47 | 13+21 | – | – | – |
| European Parliament[91] | 2018-11 | 181 | 140 | 78 | 46 | 59 | 43 | 50 | 45 | 63 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[103] | 2018-11-29 | 186 | 140 | 76 (no En Marche) | 42 | 56 | 43 | 56 | 35 | → | 36 | 3 | 32 (18 from En Marche) |
| Europe Elects[104] | 2018-11-11 | 172 | 136 | 98 | 45 | 61 | 54 | 60 | 48 | 10+21 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[105] | 2018-10-28 | 186 | 136 | 77 (no En Marche) | 40 | 53 | 42 | 58 | 38 | → | 38 | 3 | 34 (21 from En Marche) |
| Instituto Cattaneo[106] | 2018-10-09 | 180 | 139 | 93 | 45 | 63 | 54 | 63 | 55 | 13 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects[107] | 2018-10-09 | 177 | 134 | 98 | 40 | 61 | 50 | 61 | 50 | 9+25 | – | – | – |
| Politico Europe[108] | 2018-10-08 | 178 | 137 | 83 (21 En Marche) | 40 | 59 | 48 | 58 | 53 | 6+33 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[109] | 2018-09-22 | 182 | 139 | 76 (no En Marche) | 36 | 52 | 46 | 61 | 40 | → | 36 | 3 | 33 (21 from En Marche) |
| Europe Elects[110] | 2018-09-20 | 181 | 134 | 100 | 37 | 57 | 49 | 61 | 49 | 11+26 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[111] | 2018-09-19 | 178 | 140 | 95 | 42 | 59 | 50 | 60 | 21 | 10+50 | – | – | – |
| EuropeanElectionsStats.eu[112] | 2018-09-12 | 187 | 141 | 72 (no En Marche) | 33 | 52 | 44 | 60 | 39 | → | 39 | 4 | 33 (21 from En Marche) |
| Europe Elects[113] | 2018-08-10 | 179 | 137 | 104 | 36 | 55 | 50 | 60 | 49 | 10+25 | – | – | – |
| Thomson Reuters[114] | 2018-07-28 | 180 | 154 | 104 | 34 | 63 | 42 | 56 | 59 | 13 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist ("dynamic scenario")[115] | 2018-07-25 | 177 | 145 | 56 (En Marche) 53 (ALDE) | 38 | 78 | 90 | 58 | – | 10 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist ("baseline scenario")[115] | 2018-07-25 | 177 | 145 | 102 | 38 | 56 | 50 | 57 | 22 | 10+48 | – | – | – |
| www.thenewfederalist.eu/Europe Elects[116] | 2018-07-06 | 185 | 141 | 110 | 34 | 52 | 44 | 58 | 49 | 9+23 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist ("dynamic scenario")[117] | 2018-05-29 | 178 | 138 | 57 (En Marche) 50 (ALDE) | 37 | 66 | 84 | 56 | – | 12 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist ("baseline scenario")[117] | 2018-05-29 | 178 | 137 | 103 | 37 | 46 | 43 | 55 | 23 | 12+44 | – | – | – |
| treffpunkteuropa.de/Europe Elects[118] | 2018-05-18 | 179 | 141 | 112 | 32 | 47 | 42 | 61 | 58 | 12+21 | – | – | – |
| treffpunkteuropa.de/Europe Elects[119] | 2018-04-17 | 180 | 143 | 112 | 33 | 46 | 42 | 60 | 58 | 9+22 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[120] | 2018-04-03 | 180 | 137 | 104 | 33 | 44 | 41 | 58 | 23 | 12+46 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[121] | 2018-02-05 | 179 | 142 | 102 | 33 | 41 | 47 | 65 | 42 | 27 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[122] | 2017-12-13 | 196 | 142 | 109 | 30 | 36 | 45 | 56 | 37 | 27 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[123] | 2017-10-16 | 192 | 150 | 106 | 28 | 37 | 45 | 55 | 38 | 27 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[124] | 2017-08-21 | 196 | 149 | 108 | 24 | 44 | 42 | 57 | 29 | 29 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[125] | 2017-06-27 | 201 | 155 | 109 | 23 | 42 | 38 | 55 | 28 | 27 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[126] | 2017-05-02 | 198 | 170 | 82 | 28 | 59 | 35 | 46 | 27 | 33 | – | – | – |
| New allocation of seats without the United Kingdom approved | |||||||||||||
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[126] | 2017-05-02 | 198 | 186 | 88 | 35 | 59 | 68 | 47 | 36 | 34 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[127] | 2017-03-28 | 181 | 181 | 75 | 29 | 48 | 74 | 58 | 40 | 51 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[126] | 2017-03-06 | 191 | 182 | 80 | 35 | 60 | 69 | 50 | 48 | 36 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[128] | 2017-03-01 | 174 | 185 | 85 | 31 | 51 | 81 | 54 | 42 | 48 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[126] | 2017-01-16 | 191 | 180 | 82 | 40 | 68 | 63 | 48 | 48 | 31 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[129] | 2017-01-07 | 189 | 170 | 82 | 28 | 60 | 71 | 63 | 38 | 49 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[129] | 2016-12-01 | 195 | 176 | 81 | 35 | 57 | 72 | 57 | 38 | 42 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[126] | 2016-11-14 | 194 | 182 | 91 | 38 | 61 | 65 | 48 | 47 | 25 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[130] | 2016-10-31 | 191 | 171 | 75 | 30 | 61 | 73 | 71 | 41 | 38 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[131] | 2016-10-01 | 194 | 179 | 82 | 31 | 64 | 71 | 57 | 42 | 31 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[126] | 2016-09-13 | 189 | 181 | 91 | 38 | 63 | 62 | 47 | 53 | 27 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[132] | 2016-09-01 | 189 | 176 | 86 | 32 | 54 | 74 | 59 | 40 | 32 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[132] | 2016-08-13 | 191 | 184 | 86 | 32 | 58 | 72 | 60 | 40 | 21 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[133] | 2016-07-28 | 192 | 185 | 90 | 39 | 61 | 59 | 48 | 54 | 13 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[134] | 2016-07-13 | 202 | 187 | 92 | 31 | 58 | 67 | 57 | 36 | 21 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[135] | 2016-06-23 | 183 | 179 | 88 | 32 | 61 | 74 | 61 | 46 | 27 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[136] | 2016-06-01 | 186 | 177 | 83 | 35 | 45 | 76 | 59 | 63 | 27 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[137] | 2016-05-25 | 187 | 174 | 85 | 40 | 70 | 63 | 55 | 51 | 12 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[138] | 2016-05-02 | 187 | 178 | 89 | 27 | 49 | 69 | 66 | 56 | 23 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[139] | 2016-04-07 | 192 | 179 | 85 | 37 | 53 | 72 | 52 | 50 | 31 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[140] | 2016-04-02 | 205 | 177 | 87 | 30 | 48 | 84 | 58 | 37 | 25 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[141] | 2016-03-01 | 186 | 183 | 99 | 27 | 48 | 81 | 65 | 37 | 25 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[139] | 2016-02-07 | 196 | 183 | 82 | 34 | 55 | 70 | 51 | 51 | 29 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[142] | 2016-02-02 | 191 | 186 | 79 | 27 | 51 | 86 | 69 | 39 | 23 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[143] | 2016-01-04 | 194 | 187 | 95 | 28 | 48 | 76 | 66 | 37 | 20 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[144] | 2015-12-14 | 192 | 185 | 87 | 33 | 53 | 68 | 52 | 52 | 29 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[145] | 2015-12-02 | 197 | 186 | 82 | 33 | 47 | 91 | 61 | 37 | 17 | – | – | – |
| thenewfederalist.eu[146] | 2015-11-17 | 196 | 201 | 76 | 31 | 42 | 88 | 62 | 42 | 13 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[147] | 2015-11-01 | 197 | 203 | 75 | 31 | 42 | 88 | 61 | 42 | 12 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[148] | 2015-10-17 | 204 | 193 | 75 | 33 | 54 | 66 | 51 | 51 | 24 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[149] | 2015-08-21 | 204 | 190 | 74 | 35 | 49 | 70 | 56 | 47 | 26 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[150] | 2015-07-03 | 206 | 193 | 68 | 36 | 39 | 80 | 69 | 30 | 30 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[151] | 2015-06-30 | 205 | 188 | 73 | 34 | 47 | 69 | 61 | 43 | 31 | – | – | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[152] | 2015-05-05 | 218 | 196 | 75 | 31 | – | 71 | 74 | 34 | 52 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[153] | 2015-05-03 | 205 | 193 | 80 | 32 | (51) | 62 | 60 | 44 | 24 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[154] | 2015-03-10 | 216 | 196 | 77 | 31 | (49) | 60 | 60 | 43 | 19 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[155] | 2015-01-12 | 212 | 190 | 70 | 40 | (43) | 59 | 65 | 47 | 25 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[156] | 2014-11-18 | 212 | 195 | 69 | 42 | (43) | 59 | 60 | 47 | 24 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[157] | 2014-09-23 | 223 | 196 | 67 | 39 | (40) | 61 | 53 | 47 | 25 | – | – | – |
| Der (europäische) Föderalist[126] | 2014-07-28 | 215 | 191 | 75 | 47 | (40) | 66 | 56 | 44 | 17 | – | – | – |
| European election 2014 | 2014-05-25 | 221 | 191 | 67 | 50 | (37) | 70 | 52 | 48 | 15 | – | – | – |
The following table shows projections with vote share instead of seats.
| Institute | Date | EPP | S&D | ECR | RE | Greens/EFA | GUE/NGL | EFDD | ENF | NI | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result[158] | 2019-05-26 | 21.0% | 18.5% | 8.2% | 13.0% | 11.7% | 6.5% | 5.7% | 10.8% | 1.5% | 3.1% |
| Europe Elects[159] | 2019-04-10 | 22.9% | 18.0% | 8.0% | 13.1% | 8.4% | 7.3% | 6.8% | 8.4% | → | 6.8% |
| Europe Elects[160] | 2018-12-27 | 21.4% | 17.8% | 5.9% | 12.7% | 7.0% | 7.5% | 8.2% | 9.2% | → | 9.3% |
| Europe Elects[102] | 2018-12-05 | 21.6% | 17.9% | 5.7% | 13.1% | 7.4% | 8.3% | 8.2% | 8.6% | 1.0% | 8.3% |
| Europe Elects[161] | 2018-11-11 | 20.8% | 17.6% | 5.1% | 13.3% | 7.0% | 8.8% | 9.1% | 9.6% | 1.0% | 7.8% |
| Europe Elects[161] | 2018-10-26 | 20.9% | 18.4% | 5.0% | 11.6% | 6.4% | 8.6% | 9.3% | 9.1% | 1.1% | 9.7% |
| Europe Elects[161] | 2018-10-18 | 21.5% | 18.4% | 4.3% | 12.0% | 6.4% | 8.7% | 9.5% | 9.3% | 1.0% | 8.9% |
| Europe Elects[162] | 2018-10-14 | 21.3% | 18.3% | 3.9% | 12.6% | 6.3% | 8.6% | 9.5% | 9.3% | 1.0% | 9.1% |
| Europe Elects[163] | 2018-10-13 | 21.3% | 18.4% | 3.9% | 12.5% | 6.3% | 8.6% | 9.5% | 9.3% | 1.0% | 9.1% |
| Europe Elects[163] | 2018-10-12 | 21.3% | 18.5% | 3.9% | 12.5% | 6.5% | 8.6% | 9.6% | 9.3% | 1.0% | 9.1% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de/Europe Elects[164] | 2018-06-01 | 20% | 19.5% | 9.5% | 12.5% | 6% | 8% | 8.5% | 7.5% | 2% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de/Europe Elects[164] | 2018-05-01 | 20.5% | 21% | 10.5% | 13% | 4.5% | 8% | 8% | 7% | 2% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de/Europe Elects[164] | 2018-04-01 | 20.5% | 19.5% | 10% | 14% | 4.5% | 7.5% | 8% | 6.5% | 1.5% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2018-03-07 | 21% | 20.5% | 10% | 12.5% | 4.5% | 7.5% | 8.5% | 6% | 2.5% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2018-01-30 | 21% | 22% | 10% | 13.5% | 5% | 7.5% | 7.5% | 5.5% | 2% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2018-01-01 | 21% | 22.5% | 10% | 12.5% | 4.5% | 8.5% | 7.5% | 5.5% | 2% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2017-11-30 | 21.5% | 22% | 10% | 12.5% | 4% | 8% | 7% | 6.5% | 2% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2017-11-14 | 21.5% | 21.5% | 9.5% | 13% | 4% | 8% | 7% | 6% | 3% | 6% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2017-10-06 | 21% | 23% | 9.5% | 12.5% | 4.5% | 8% | 4.5% | 7% | 3% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2017-09-14 | 22.5% | 23% | 9.5% | 13% | 4.5% | 8% | 4.5% | 6% | 3% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2017-06-14 | 22.5% | 24% | 8% | 12.5% | 4% | 8% | 4% | 5.5% | 3% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[164] | 2017-05-22 | 22% | 23% | 8.5% | 12% | 4% | 8% | 4.5% | 6.5% | 3% | ? |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[165] | 2017-03-28 | 22% | 23% | 8.5% | 8% | 4% | 7.5% | 6% | 7% | 6.5% | 7.5% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[166] | 2017-03-01 | 21% | 23.5% | 9% | 8.5% | 4% | 7.5% | 6.5% | 7.5% | 6% | 6.5% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[167] | 2017-02-02 | 23% | 20.5% | 9.5% | 8% | 4.5% | 8% | 6% | 8.5% | 5.5% | 6.5% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[168] | 2017-01-07 | 23.5% | 22% | 9% | 8.5% | 4.5% | 7.5% | 6.5% | 9% | 3.5% | 6.5% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[169] | 2016-12-01 | 23.5% | 22.5% | 9% | 8.5% | 4.5% | 7.5% | 6.5% | 8.5% | 3.5% | 6% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[130] | 2016-10-31 | 23% | 21% | 9% | 8% | 5% | 8% | 7% | 9% | 3% | 7% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[131] | 2016-10-01 | 24% | 22% | 9% | 9% | 4% | 8% | 7% | 9% | 3% | 5% |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[170] | 2016-09-01 | 25% | 24% | 10% | 12% | 4% | 8% | 5% | 8% | 4% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[132] | 2016-08-13 | 26% | 24% | 10% | 11% | 4% | 8% | 5% | 8% | 4% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[134] | 2016-07-13 | 27% | 25% | 9% | 12% | 4% | 7% | 5% | 8% | ? | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[171] | 2016-06-23 | 24% | 24% | 10% | 12% | 4% | 8% | 6% | 8% | 4% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[136] | 2016-06-01 | 25% | 23% | 10% | 11% | 5% | 8% | 6% | 8% | 4% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[172] | 2016-05-22 | 25% | 24% | 10% | 11% | 4% | 8% | 6% | 8% | 4% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[173] | 2016-05-02 | 25% | 24% | 9% | 12% | 4% | 9% | 7% | 7% | ? | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[140] | 2016-04-02 | 27% | 24% | 11% | 12% | 4% | 8% | 5% | 6% | ? | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[141] | 2016-03-01 | 25% | 24% | 11% | 13% | 4% | 9% | 5% | 6% | ? | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[174] | 2016-02-02 | 25% | 25% | 11% | 11% | 4% | 9% | 5% | 7% | 3% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[143] | 2016-01-04 | 26% | 25% | 10% | 13% | 4% | 9% | 5% | 6% | 2% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[145] | 2015-12-02 | 26% | 25% | 12% | 11% | 5% | 8% | 5% | 6% | 2% | – |
| Europe Elects/thenewfederalist.eu[146] | 2015-11-17 | 26% | 27% | 12% | 10% | 4% | 8% | 5% | 6% | 2% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[147] | 2015-11-01 | 26% | 27% | 12% | 10% | 4% | 8% | 5% | 6% | 2% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[175] | 2015-10-01 | 26% | 26% | 10% | 11% | 4% | 9% | 5% | 6% | 3% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[176] | 2015-09-01 | 27% | 26% | 11% | 10% | 5% | 9% | 4% | 5% | 3% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[177] | 2015-08-06 | 27% | 26% | 10% | 9% | 5% | 10% | 4% | 5% | 3% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[150] | 2015-07-03 | 27% | 26% | 11% | 9% | 5% | 9% | 4% | 5% | 4% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[178] | 2015-06-16 | 27% | 25% | 10% | 10.5% | 5% | 9% | 4% | 5.5% | 4% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[179] | 2015-06-02 | 27% | 26% | 11% | 9% | 4% | 9% | 5% | – | 9% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[152] | 2015-05-05 | 29% | 26% | 9% | 10% | 4% | 10% | 5% | – | 7% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[180] | 2015-04-03 | 29% | 27% | 10% | 9% | 4% | 9% | 4% | – | 8% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[181] | 2015-03-12 | 29% | 27% | 10% | 9% | 4% | 10% | 4% | – | 7% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[182] | 2015-01-30 | 29% | 27% | 9% | 10% | 4% | 9% | 5% | – | 7% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[182] | 2014-12-30 | 29% | 27% | 10% | 9% | 4% | 10% | 4% | – | 7% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[182] | 2014-11-30 | 29% | 27% | 10% | 10% | 5% | 9% | 4% | – | 6% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[182] | 2014-10-30 | 29% | 26% | 9% | 10% | 5% | 9% | 4% | – | 8% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[182] | 2014-09-30 | 29% | 26% | 9% | 10% | 5% | 9% | 5% | – | 7% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[182] | 2014-08-30 | 27% | 28% | 9% | 10% | 5% | 9% | 5% | – | 7% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[182] | 2014-07-30 | 28% | 26% | 10% | 10% | 6% | 8% | 5% | – | 7% | – |
| Europe Elects/treffpunkteuropa.de[182] | 2014-06-30 | 29% | 26% | 9% | 10% | 6% | 8% | 5% | – | 7% | – |
| European election 2014 | 2014-05-25 | 29.2 % | 25.4 % | 9.1 % | 8.9 % | 6.8 % | 6.7 % | 6.4 % | – | 7.1 % | – |
The heads of governments, gathered in a European Council on 1–3 July 2019, could not agree on a consensus President of the Commission. The twoSpitzenkandidaten were discussed, but neitherManfred Weber (EPP), norFrans Timmermans (PES), who had the backing of many leaders but not of those from theVisegrád Group, had a majority. In the final hours of the vote, the name ofUrsula von der Leyen was suggested and agreed to by all governments, with Germany's abstention.
The European Parliament elected Ursula von der Leyen asPresident of the European Commission on 16 July, with 383 votes in favour (374 votes needed).[183]
TheEuropean Commission was approved by the European Parliament on 27 November 2019, receiving 461 votes, with 157 against and 89 abstentions. EPP, S&D, Renew Europe and half of the ECR voted in favour. The Greens/EFA abstained.[184]
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