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2019 Chicago mayoral election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2019Chicago mayoral election

← 2015February 26, 2019 (first round)
April 2, 2019 (runoff)
2023 →
Turnout35.20%Decrease 5.78pp[1][2] (first round)
32.89%Decrease 2.31pp[3][4] (second round)
 
CandidateLori LightfootToni PreckwinkleBill Daley
First round97,667
17.54%
89,343
16.04%
82,294
14.78%
Runoff386,039
73.70%
137,765
26.30%
Eliminated

 
CandidateWillie WilsonSusana MendozaAmara Enyia
First round59,072
10.61%
50,373
9.05%
44,589
8.00%
RunoffEliminatedEliminatedEliminated

 
CandidateJerry JoyceGery ChicoPaul Vallas
First round40,099
7.20%
34,521
6.20%
30,236
5.43%
RunoffEliminatedEliminatedEliminated

Runoff map by precinct
Runoff map by ward
Lightfoot:     50-60%     60-70%     70-80%     80-90%     >90%
Preckwinkle :     50–60%     60–70%
Tie:     50%

Mayor before election

Rahm Emanuel

ElectedMayor

Lori Lightfoot

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The2019 Chicago mayoral election was held on February 26, 2019, to determine the nextMayor of theCity of Chicago,Illinois. Since no candidate received a majority of votes, arunoff election was held on April 2, 2019, between the two candidates with the most votes,Lori Lightfoot andToni Preckwinkle.[5] Lightfoot defeated Preckwinkle in the runoff election to become mayor,[6] and was sworn in as mayor on May 20, 2019.[7]

The election was officiallynon-partisan, with its winner being elected to a four-year term. The elections were part of the2019 Chicago elections, which included elections forCity Council, City Clerk, and City Treasurer.

Incumbent MayorRahm Emanuel initially announced he would run for a third term but withdrew in September 2018.[8] Emanuel was first elected in2011 (winning in the first round with 55.19% of the vote) and re-elected in2015 (receiving 55.7% of the vote in therunoff election).

The runoff was historic, as it assured Chicago would elect its first African-American female mayor, its second elected African-American Mayor, afterHarold Washington, and its second female mayor, afterJane Byrne.[9] Not only is Lightfoot the first African-American woman mayor in Chicago's history, but she is also the firstopenlyLGBT person to lead Chicago. Lightfoot's election made Chicago the largest city won by an African American woman, as well as the largest by an openly LGBT person, in United States history.[10][11]

Campaign

[edit]

First round

[edit]

Incumbent mayorRahm Emanuel declared his intent to seek re-election on October 17, 2017.[12] One month later,Troy LaRaviere became the first opponent to declare their intent to run against Emanuel.[13]

Later, in 2018, more opponents would declare their intent to run against Emanuel, withGarry McCarthy andWillie Wilson doing so in March,[14][15]Dorothy A. Brown Cook, Ja'Mal Green, and Neal Sáles-Griffin doing so in April,[16][17]Lori Lightfoot, John Kozlar, andPaul Vallas doing so in May,[18][19] Matthew Rooney doing so in June,[20] andAmara Enyia and Jerry Joyce doing so in August.[21][22] By the end of the Summer of 2018, a dozen individuals had declared their candidacies.[23]

On September 4, 2018, Emanuel announced that he would no longer be seeking re-election.[24] Emanuel's announcement shook up the race, with many new candidates declaring their candidacies for mayor in the weeks that followed.[25]

In late November, much of the media coverage on the race showedToni Preckwinkle andSusana Mendoza (both of whom had entered the race after Emanuel bowed out) to be considered its two frontrunners.[26][27][28]

The race for mayor was upended by AldermanEd Burke's corruption scandal. Mayoral candidates Toni Preckwinkle, Susana Mendoza,Gery Chico, andBill Daley all had connections to the disgraced alderman, and the scandal encouraged an anti-corruption and anti-machine politics sentiment among voters.[29][30][31]

A number of issues were debated by the candidates throughout the campaign. One of the major issues was pensions, as the city's annual pensions contribution had been projected to double between 2018 and 2023.[32] Another issue was education, where sub-issues included school closings that had taken place under the Emanuel administration and the possibility of reforming the school-board selection method.[32] Another issue was crime.[32] Particularly in light of cases such as themurder of Laquan McDonald, issues regarding practices by the city's law enforcement were also discussed by candidates.[32] Another issue was the use oftax increment financing by the city.[32]Affordable housing was another issue debated.[32] Ethics reforms were also debated.[32] Taxes were another issue debated, with some candidates advocating for acommuter tax and some candidates advocating for aproperty tax freeze.[33]

After ballot challenges were settled, a total of fourteen candidates were included on the ballot for the first round of the election. This is the most candidates that have ever been on the ballot in the history of Chicago mayoral elections.[34][35][36]

The first round of the election was considered highly competitive to the end, with a number of candidates shown by polls to be viable contenders to potentially advance to the runoff. For example, a poll conducted February 11–13 byMason-Dixon Polling & Research Inc. for the media outletsTelemundo/NBC 5 Chicago illustrated what the outlets described as a tight five-way race between (in alphabetical order) Chico, Daley, Lightfoot, Mendoza, and Preckwinkle.[37] On February 24,The Wall Street Journal described the race's polling as showing six candidates with the possibility of making the runoff, with the five strongest contenders being described as (in alphabetical order) Chico, Daley, Lightfoot, Mendoza, and Preckwinkle.[38] Also on February 24,Chicago magazine wrote that it considered six individuals to have a chance of making the runoff, with those individuals being (in alphabetical order) Chico, Daley, Lightfoot, Mendoza, Preckwinkle, and Wilson.[39]

In the first round, Lori Lightfoot placed first and Toni Preckwinkle placed second, securing them both a spot in the runoff election.

Lightfoot's first-place finish in the first round was regarded to be anupset.[40][41][42] She was seen as a long-shot when she first entered the race.[25] In late-January, Lightfoot's support in publicly released polls had only ranged between 2% and 5%.[43][44][45][46] Despite her low poll numbers in January, Lightfoot had persisted in her campaign, performing well in debates and running some ads on television.[40] She won the endorsement of theChicago Sun-Times.[40] She also garnered new personal endorsements, including those of theScott Waguespack,David Orr, andRobin Kelly, of whom the Chicago Sun-Times' Mark Brown would later write in exploring the contributing factors to Lightfoot's first-round victory, "none of them heavyweights but influential enough to point the way for progressive voters looking for some sign, any sign, of how to pick their way through the thicket of candidates."[40] While Lightfoot rose to the top of some polls near the end of the race, she had peaked in support so late in the race that none of the other candidates had been focused on running negative ads against her.[40] Lightfoot also was seen as ultimately benefiting from the Burke corruption scandal, as she was running as a "political outsider" on an anti-corruption platform.[25][47][48] Preckwinkle's allies had also, accidentally, provided Lightfoot with free media attention on two noteworthy occasions. The first incident occurred February 18, when one of Lightfoot's press conferences was crashed by Preckwinkle allyRobert Martwick, with whom Lightfoot got into a heated exchange.[49] The second incident where Preckwinkle's camp generated free headlines for Lightfoot was when, days before the first round of the election, her campaign manager, Scott Cisek, published aFacebook post likening Lightfoot to aNazi, leading to his firing by the Preckwinkle campaign.[50]

In Chicago, ethnic/racial coalitions had often played a key role in elections. As such, many of the candidates were seen as targeting different groups with their campaigns.[48] Hispanic candidates Gery Chico and Susana Mendoza were seen as vying for the Hispanic vote.[48] Toni Preckwinkle and Willie Wilson were seen as targeting the black vote.[48][51] Bill Daley was seen as targeting the white vote.[48] Lightfoot was seen as breaking the rules of traditional Chicago politics by not basing her candidacy on seeking the support of particular ethnic/racial groups.[48]

Runoff

[edit]

Throughout the runoff, Lightfoot led Preckwinkle in polls.

For the runoff, Lightfoot received endorsements from seven of the twelve candidates that had been eliminated in the first round (Gery Chico, Jerry Joyce, John Kozlar, Susana Mendoza, Neal Sales-Griffin, Paul Vallas, and Willie Wilson). Preckwinkle, in contrast, received no endorsements from any candidates that had been eliminated in the first round.[52]

In what was considered a "sweep" of the city's major publications,[53] retaining her endorsement from the Chicago Sun-Times,[54] for the runoff, Lightfoot also received the endorsements of theChicago Tribune[55] andCrain's Chicago Business[56] (both of which had endorsed Bill Daley in the first round).[57][58]

Both Lightfoot and Preckwinkle positioned themselves as self-declared, "progressives".[59] In a November 2019 retrospective, however, Edward McClelland ofChicago magazine wrote, "Lightfoot didn’t run as aprogressive. She ran as areformer, the political outsider who promised to quash the Chicago Way, as exemplified by Alderman Ed Burke and all the mayoral candidates who took his money. (Lightfoot's opponent, Toni Preckwinkle, ran as a progressive, but not a reformer.)"[60]

In the runoff, Preckwinkle highlighted her depth of government experience and sought to emphasize a contrast with Lightfoot's lack of experience in elected office.[61] Lightfoot criticized Preckwinkle's connections with controversial figures such as Ed Burke andJoseph Berrios.[61]

The two candidates differed onrent control, with Preckwinkle seeking the repeal of a state law prohibiting local governments from imposing rent control, while Lightfoot did not advocate for rent control in Chicago.[62] The candidates differed on prospectiveterm limits, with Preckwinkle opposing them, and Lightfoot advocating limiting both mayoral tenures and City Council committee chairmanships to two terms.[62] Preckwinkle sought to create a ban on aldermen holding outside jobs, while Lightfoot differed, instead preferring to only ban them from holding outside jobs that poseconflicts of interest with official their duties.[62] Preckwinkle wanted the power to draw ward maps to remain in the hands of the City Council, while Lightfoot wanted a non-partisan and independent process to be created forredistricting.[62] Preckwinkle defended retaining the practice of "aldermanic prerogative", while Lightfoot sought to bring an end to the practice.[62] The candidates also differed on whether they would retain incumbent Superintendent of theChicago Police DepartmentEddie T. Johnson, with Preckwinkle having stating that she planned to immediately dismiss Johnson of his post, while Lightfoot stated that she planned to retain him at least through the summer of 2019.[61]

Lightfoot ultimately won a landslide victory in the runoff.

Candidates

[edit]

In order to be listed on the ballot, candidates were required to submit petitions between November 19 and 26.[63][64]

Mayoral candidates at a forum at theCopernicus Center in Chicago'sJefferson Park neighborhood, December 2018

Any certified candidate (those whose petitions had been certified by the Board of Elections) may have had their nomination papers challenged up until December 1.[64] Those candidates with properly-filed challenges against their petitions would have their candidature subjected to hearings and procedures which would assess the validity of their petitions.[64] If any candidate failed to file a statement of economic interests within five days of having their petition certified, then their certification would be revoked.[64]

The deadline to file a notarized declaration of intent to be a write–in candidate was December 27, 2018.[64][65] An exception to the December 27 deadline for write-in candidates to file their declaration of intent existed for circumstances in which a candidate lost their certificationafter the December 27 deadline due to the outcome of a challenge to their petitions (candidates in this circumstance were granted until February 19 to file a notarized declaration of intent to run as a write-in candidate).[64]

Certified candidates (those whose petitions had been certified by the Board of Elections) were permitted to have their name removed from the ballot if theyofficially withdrew any time before December 20, 2018.[64][65] Even if they informally withdrew by ceasing to campaign, all certified candidates that did not file to formally withdraw before the December 20 deadline would have their names listed on the ballot regardless of whether they were still active contenders.[65] However, after December 20 candidates still may have filed to officially withdraw, an action which would have instructed the Board of Elections to deem all votes cast for the candidates as invalid when tallying votes.[64]

Due to the time needed to complete process of reviewing nearly 200 challenges to candidate petitions in the mayoral race and other municipal elections, the start of the early voting period for the first round had been delayed to January 29 from its previously scheduled January 17 date.[66][67][68]

The total of fourteen candidates on the February mayoral ballot is record-setting for Chicago mayoral elections.[34][35][36]

Candidates who advanced to runoff

[edit]
CandidateExperienceAnnouncedRef
The following candidates advanced to the runoff election held on April 2[69][70]

Lori Lightfoot
Former President of theChicago Police Board 2015–2018

Chair of theChicago Police Accountability Task Force

May 10, 2018

(WebsiteArchived January 17, 2019, at theWayback Machine)
[71][13][72][73][74]

Toni Preckwinkle
President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners since 2010
FormerAlderman from the4th ward 1991–2010
September 20, 2018

(WebsiteArchived January 17, 2019, at theWayback Machine)
[63][72][75][76]

Candidates eliminated in the first round

[edit]
CandidateExperienceAnnouncedRef
The following candidates were eliminated in the first round, and did not advance to the runoff election

Gery Chico
Chair of theIllinois State Board of Education 2011–2015
President of theChicago Park District Board of Commissioners 2007–2010
President of the Chicago Board of Education 1995–2001
September 17, 2018

(WebsiteArchived January 19, 2019, at theWayback Machine)
[69][77][78][79][80][81]

Bill Daley
White House Chief of Staff 2011–2012
United States Secretary of Commerce 1997–2000
September 14, 2018

(Website)
[69][82][83][84][85]

Amara Enyia
Director of theAustin Chamber of CommerceAugust 28, 2018

(Website)
[71][72][86][21][87]

Bob Fioretti
FormerAlderman from the 2nd Ward 2007–2015November 26, 2018

(WebsiteArchived January 19, 2019, at theWayback Machine)
[88][89][90][91][92]

La Shawn Ford
Member of theIllinois House of Representatives since 2007November 12, 2018

(Website)
[93][94][95][96][97][98]

Jerry Joyce
Former Assistant State's AttorneyAugust 29, 2018

(WebsiteArchived January 17, 2019, at theWayback Machine)
[63][72][22]

John Kozlar
Candidate forAlderman from the 11th Ward in 2011 and2015May 30, 2018

(WebsiteArchived August 12, 2020, at theWayback Machine)
[71][99]

Garry McCarthy
Former Superintendent of theChicago Police Department 2011–2015March 21, 2018

(Website)
[69][77][100][101]

Susana Mendoza
Illinois Comptroller since 2016
City Clerk of Chicago 2011–2016
Member of theIllinois House of Representatives 2001–2011
November 14, 2018

(Website)
[71][72][102][103][104]

Neal Sáles-Griffin
CEO of CodeNowMarch 11, 2018

(Website)
[71][17][105]

Paul Vallas
Former Chief Executive Officer ofChicago Public Schools 1995–2001March 28, 2018

(Website)
[63][18][106]

Willie Wilson
Businessman
Owner of Omar Medical Supplies
March 29, 2018

(WebsiteArchived January 17, 2019, at theWayback Machine)
[63][14]

Write-in candidates

[edit]

A full list of eligible write-ins was made available to precincts on election day.[107]

Petitions rejected

[edit]

The following candidates had been denied inclusion on the ballot following successful challenges to their petitions:[69][70][125]

Withdrew

[edit]

The following individuals are previously declared candidates who had terminated their candidacies. Unless otherwise indicated, these individuals did not submit petitions:

Declined

[edit]

The following were prospective and speculative candidates that declined to run:

Endorsements

[edit]

First round

[edit]
Gery Chico

Local officeholders

Bill Daley

Officeholders

Individuals

Editorial boards

Organizations

  • Plumbers Local Union 130[186]
Amara Enyia

Officeholders

Individuals

Jerry Joyce

Officeholders

Lori Lightfoot

Officeholders

Individuals

Editorial boards

Organizations

Garry McCarthy

Officeholders

Susana Mendoza

State officeholders

Individuals

Editorial boards

Organizations

Toni Preckwinkle

U.S. Executive Branch officials

Members of Congress

State officeholders

County officeholders

Local officeholders

Individuals

Editorial boards

Organizations

Paul Vallas

Individuals

Organizations

Willie Wilson

Officeholders

Organizations

Runoff

[edit]
Lori Lightfoot

Members of Congress

State officeholders

Local officeholders

Individuals

Editorial boards/publishers

Organizations

Toni Preckwinkle

U.S. Executive Branch officials

Members of Congress

State officeholders

County officeholders

Local officeholders

Individuals

Editorial boards

Organizations

Fundraising

[edit]

First round

[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of February 25, 2019
CandidateTotal receipts
Bill Daley$8,746,398.81
Toni Preckwinkle$4,621,770.23
Gery Chico$3,043,467.45
Jerry Joyce$2,796,317.32
Susana Mendoza$2,788,787.02
Lori Lightfoot$1,620,123.65
Willie Wilson$1,619,088.16
Garry McCarthy$1,391,426.80
Paul Vallas$1,128,992.78
Robert Fioretti$716,729.31
Amara Enyia$654,771.31
Neal Sales-Griffin$153,781.73
LaShawn Ford$96,907.58
John Kozlar$1,014.00
[309]

Runoff

[edit]

Note that following totals include the amount raised in both rounds of the election

Campaign finance reports as of April 7, 2019
CandidateTotal receipts
Toni Preckwinkle$7,114,662.62
Lori Lightfoot$5,773,302.07
[310]

Polling

[edit]

First round

[edit]
Graph of select polls

Only showing polls by more-established polling sources: ALG Research, Change Research, David Binder Research, Global Strategy Group, Lake Research Partners, Mason Dixon, Ogden & Fry, RABA Research, Public Policy Polling, Tulchin Research, Victory Research, We Ask America

This graph was using thelegacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to thenew Chart extension.
Graph of all polls
This graph was using thelegacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to thenew Chart extension.
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Dorothy
Brown Cook
Gery
Chico
Bill
Daley
Amara
Enyia
Bob
Fioretti
La Shawn
Ford
Jerry
Joyce
John
Kozlar
Lori
Lightfoot
Garry
McCarthy
Susana
Mendoza
Toni
Preckwinkle
Neal
Sales-Griffin
Paul
Vallas
Willie
Wilson
UndecidedOther
Change Research[311]February 22–23, 2019706±3.7%9%14%4%2%1%8%0%14%5%10%14%1%6%9%
L2T Research & Survey (Vallas)[312]February 21, 20198,70010.16%6.29%8.64%10.75%64.17%
Joyce campaign-sponsored poll[313]February 14–15, 201911%11%10%18%11%14%12%
Independent poll[314]February 12–14, 201914%15%14%10%12%
Mason Dixon[315]February 11–13, 2019±4.0%9%13%7%1%1%4%0%10%3%12%14%1%2%4%19%
Tulchin Research[316][317]February 6–10, 2019500 (LV)±4.385%10%8%1%9%5%10%21%7%11%13%
Ogden & Fry[318]February 9, 2019716±3.74%7.1%11.9%5.7%16.1%13.3%25.6%20.4%
Campaign-sponsored poll[319]11%14%7%7%7%16%
Victory Research[43]January 26–29, 2019801±3.46%8.4%13.9%2.0%6.1%1.1%1.0%0.5%4.1%5.1%12.4%11.5%0.0%5.6%12.2%16.1%
We Ask America[44][45]January 21–23, 2019644±3.5%4̶.̶7̶%̶9.3%12.1%3.1%0.9%1.2%0.9%0.6%2.8%3.7%8.7%12.7%0.0%4.3%9%
David Binder Research[46]January 19–21, 2019500±4.4%4%9%5%5%4%9%15%4%6%34%
Global Strategy Group[320][321] (Mendoza)January 10–15, 2019600±4.0%9%11%11%
David Binder Research[46]December 12–16, 2018500±4.4%1%10%6%5%6%11%24%7%6%19%
Lake Research Partners[322]December 11–16, 2018600±4.0%4%5%10%7%1%1%5%7%12%18%6%6%19%
Tulchin Research[323]December 10–16, 2018600±4.0%3%10%6%2%3%8%12%22%10%7%19%
ALG Research[324][325][326]December 4–9, 20186006%3%9%5%4%7%16%21%6%8%
4%4%12%4%3%6%20%22%7%
Global Strategy Group[327][328]November 8–11, 2018±4.0%16%8%24%19%7%9%
9%7%13%15%6%8%
Early polling
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Dorothy
Brown Cook
Bill
Daley
Rahm
Emanuel
Bridget
Gainer
Chuy
Garcia
Luis
Gutierrez
Valerie
Jarrett
Jerry
Joyce
Lori
Lightfoot
Garry
McCarthy
Susana
Mendoza
Rick
Munoz
Toni
Preckwinkle
Kurt
Summers
Paul
Vallas
Willie
Wilson
OtherUndecided
RABA Research[329]September 10, 2018±4% 21%10%18%16%4%10%7%15%
Public Policy Polling, Toni Preckwinkle (D)[330]September 9, 2018600±4.9%13%25%16%10%19%
We Ask America[331]September 4, 20181,128±3.0%1.8%3.9%6.6%3.2%9.6%16.8%1.4%1.4%4.6%10.1%15.1%8.7%16.8%
Public Policy Polling[332]August 2018722±5.0%24%11%10%
Global Strategy Group[333][334]July 22–29, 2018600±4.0%6%32%1%8%13%9%8%
Lori Lightfoot (D)[335]July 7–9, 2018800±3.5%15%34%3%16%9%

Runoff

[edit]
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Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Lori
Lightfoot
Toni
Preckwinkle
Undecided
Temkin/Harris with Normington, Petts & Associates[336][337][338]March 18–20, 2019500±4.4%53%17%29%
Jason McGrath (Lightfoot)[282]February 28 – March 3, 2019799±3.5%59%29%
FM3[339][340][341][342]February 27–28, 2019400 (LV)±4.9%58%30%12%
Change Research[311]February 22–23, 2019706±3.7%42%25%

Ward poll(s)
The following are runoff polls limited to voters in a single ward:

WardPoll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Lori
Lightfoot
Toni
Preckwinkle
Undecided
2ndPoll forBrian K. Hopkins aldermanic campaign[343]Mid-March 201968%20%

Hypothetical runoff polling

[edit]
Dorothy Brown Cook vs. Rahm Emanuel
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Dorothy
Brown Cook
Rahm
Emanuel
Undecided
Public Policy Polling[332]August 2018722±7.0%26%43%31%
Gery Chico vs. Susana Mendoza

with Gery Chico and Susana Mendoza

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Gery
Chico
Susana
Mendoza
ALG Research[324]December 4–9, 201860023%58%
Bill Daley vs. Lori Lightfoot
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Bill
Daley
Lori
Lightfoot
Undecided
Change Research[311]February 22–23, 2019706±3.7%35%40%25%
Bill Daley vs. Susana Mendoza
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Bill
Daley
Susana
Mendoza
ALG Research[324]December 4–9, 201860029%56%
32%56%
Global Strategy Group[332]November 8–11, 2018600±4.0%29%47%
21%55%
Bill Daley vs. Toni Preckwinkle
This graph was using thelegacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to thenew Chart extension.
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Bill
Daley
Toni
Preckwinkle
Undecided
Change Research[311]February 22–23, 2019706±3.7%39%32%
Tulchin Research[317]February 6–10, 2019500 (LV)±4.3838%50%12%
We Ask America[344]January 10–15, 2019644±4.0%40.1%38.2%21.7%
Tulchin Research[323]December 10–16, 2018600±4.0%31%49%20%
ALG Research[324]December 4–9, 201860032%51%
34%50%
Susana Mendoza v. Gery McCarthy
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Susana
Mendoza
Garry
McCarthy
Undecided
We Ask America[344]January 10–15, 2019644±4.0%54%24.2%21.7%
Susana Mendoza vs. Toni Preckwinkle
This graph was using thelegacy Graph extension, which is no longer supported. It needs to be converted to thenew Chart extension.
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Susana
Mendoza
Toni
Preckwinkle
Undecided
Tulchin Research[317]February 6–10, 2019500 (LV)±4.3839%46%18%
We Ask America[344]January 10–15, 2019644±4.0%43.5%35.1%21.4%
Global Strategy Group[320]January 10–15, 2019600±4.0%43%30%
Tulchin Research[323]December 10–16, 2018600±4.0%39%42%19%
ALG Research[324][325][326]December 4–9, 201860045%39%
44%44%12%
Global Strategy Group[332]November 8–11, 2018600±4.0%47%35%
39%34%
Rahm Emanuel vs. Lori Lightfoot
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Rahm
Emanuel
Lori
Lightfoot
Undecided
Public Policy Polling[332]August 201872238%33%20%
Jason McGrath (Lightfoot)[335]July 7–9, 2018800±0%40%50%
Rahm Emanuel vs. Garry McCarthy
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Rahm
Emanuel
Garry
McCarthy
Undecided
Public Policy Polling[332]August 201872238%37%25%
Rahm Emanuel vs. Paul Vallas
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Rahm
Emanuel
Paul
Vallas
Undecided
Public Policy Polling[332]August 201872233%39%28%
Global Strategy Group[333]July 22–29, 2018600±4%44%37%

Other polling

[edit]

If Rahm Emanuel were running for re-election, would you vote for him?

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
YesNoUndecided
Temkin/Harris with Normington, Petts & Associates[336][337][338]March 18–20, 2019500±4.4%25%63%12%

Results

[edit]

First round

[edit]
2019 Chicago mayoral election results (first round)
Non-partisan election[1][2]
CandidateVotes%
Lori Lightfoot97,66717.54
Toni Preckwinkle89,34316.04
William M. Daley82,29414.78
Willie L. Wilson59,07210.61
Susana A. Mendoza50,3739.05
Amara Enyia44,5898.01
Jerry Joyce40,0997.20
Gery Chico34,5216.20
Paul Vallas30,2365.43
Garry McCarthy14,7842.65
La Shawn K. Ford5,6061.01
Robert "Bob" Fioretti4,3020.77
John Kenneth Kozlar2,3490.42
Neal Sales-Griffin1,5230.27
Roger L. Washingtonwrite-in470.01
Tamara McCullough AKA Tamar Manassehwrite-in110.00
Catherine Brown D'Tycoonwrite-in70.00
Stephen Hodgewrite-in70.00
Ja'Mal Greenwrite-in60.00
Daniel Feinwrite-in30.00
Ryan Friedmanwrite-in20.00
Richard Benedict Mayerswrite-in20.00
Robert A. Palmerwrite-in10.00
Total votes556,844

Results by ward

[edit]
First round results by ward

Seven candidates each had pluralities in at least one of the city's fifty wards.[2][345][346][347][348]

Of the city's eighteen wards that are predominantly black, Wilson carried a plurality of the vote in thirteen (Wards 6, 7, 9, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 24, 28, 29, 34, and 37) with Preckwinkle carrying a plurality of the vote in the remaining five (Wards 3, 4, 5, 8, and 27).[349] In the combined vote of the city's predominately black wards, Wilson placed first, Preckwinkle placed second, Lightfoot placed third, Daley placed fourth, and Enyia placed fifth.[349]

  Chico  Daley  Joyce  Lightfoot  Mendoza  Preckwinkle  Wilson

Results by ward[2]
WardChicoDaleyEnyiaFiorettiFordJoyceKolzarLightfootMcCarthyMendozaPreckwinkleSales-GriffinVallasWilsonTotal
votes
Turnout
%
Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%
16375.12%1,61713.01%1,74914.07%1010.81%780.63%4273.43%840.68%3,19825.73%2291.84%1,33810.76%2,02016.25%460.37%5564.47%3512.82%12,43133.72%
26124.47%3,87128.27%8756.39%900.66%640.47%5223.81%760.55%3,08822.55%4082.98%1,0147.40%1,63011.90%580.42%1,0257.49%3612.64%13,69434.24%
34923.64%1,80813.36%1,2909.53%1661.23%1421.05%3962.93%440.33%2,45718.16%1771.31%6684.94%3,09722.88%450.33%5303.92%2,22116.41%13,53335.90%
43612.51%1,3319.27%1,60011.14%1541.07%1801.25%2581.80%340.24%2,86519.95%1300.91%5924.12%4,52031.47%550.38%4152.89%1,86713.00%14,36239.82%
52471.85%1,0948.19%1,51411.33%540.40%1441.08%1951.46%140.10%2,80420.99%810.61%4143.10%4,59934.43%510.38%3462.59%1,80213.49%13,35942.04%
62572.48%8338.04%9659.31%590.57%2001.93%2152.07%80.08%1,52214.69%740.71%2782.68%2,61125.20%270.26%2182.10%3,09529.87%10,36231.70%
73503.39%9048.76%1,07610.42%590.57%1521.47%1931.87%130.13%1,49214.45%870.84%4484.34%2,50524.26%430.42%2552.47%2,74826.62%10,32532.14%
83682.67%1,2809.28%1,45710.57%750.54%2451.78%2942.13%140.10%2,03514.76%860.62%4343.15%3,63926.39%510.37%3072.23%3,50425.41%13,78936.80%
93693.19%1,0429.01%1,0789.32%850.74%1571.36%2562.21%110.10%1,64114.19%870.75%3523.04%2,63822.82%400.35%2962.56%3,51030.36%11,56231.86%
101,95223.07%1,07312.68%3464.09%730.86%280.33%6447.61%310.37%5376.35%5196.13%1,56118.45%5836.89%140.17%5446.43%5566.57%8,46131.47%
117266.88%3,80836.10%6816.46%650.62%320.30%9989.46%2752.61%1,21011.47%5415.13%6606.26%8157.73%150.14%4834.58%2392.27%10,54837.27%
1288715.02%98316.64%4667.89%340.58%260.44%4447.52%430.73%4818.14%2313.91%1,45024.55%4988.43%190.32%1913.23%1542.61%5,90728.97%
131,86614.86%2,07816.54%3492.78%1140.91%200.16%2,63420.97%520.41%6094.85%7576.03%2,48119.75%5114.07%170.14%7866.26%2872.28%12,56144.30%
141,27117.46%1,14815.77%3584.92%650.89%70.10%1,00713.83%340.47%3725.11%3895.34%1,79924.71%3524.84%100.14%3364.62%1311.80%7,27934.19%
1574614.56%58911.49%3617.04%250.49%400.78%2785.42%190.37%3426.67%1062.07%1,12221.89%57011.12%130.25%1412.75%77315.08%5,12526.99%
162684.72%58310.27%4217.42%240.42%931.64%1232.17%170.30%57310.10%571.00%4958.72%1,09819.35%90.16%1192.10%1,79431.62%5,67422.80%
172883.57%7429.20%6828.46%340.42%1251.55%1702.11%90.11%94611.73%640.79%3724.61%1,75721.79%220.27%1962.43%2,65632.94%8,06327.12%
187316.02%1,32410.91%9547.86%580.48%1711.41%9007.42%220.18%1,55912.85%2572.12%8647.12%2,22718.35%300.25%5734.72%2,46620.32%12,13635.84%
191,0504.92%2,18010.21%7533.53%800.37%800.37%9,29643.55%520.24%1,8098.48%3961.86%7913.71%1,7248.08%320.15%2,0239.48%1,0785.05%21,34456.99%
202172.83%5687.40%83610.90%400.52%1351.76%1391.81%110.14%1,12214.63%510.66%3524.59%1,78023.20%190.25%1542.01%2,24729.29%7,67129.59%
213602.86%1,0458.29%1,1869.41%670.53%2111.67%2952.34%110.09%1,71313.59%780.62%4073.23%3,04924.19%460.37%2932.33%3,84130.48%12,60233.48%
2268313.80%63412.81%3627.31%240.48%470.95%3737.53%210.42%3276.60%1412.85%1,29226.10%58311.78%70.14%1122.26%3456.97%4,95124.38%
231,30314.29%1,48916.33%2813.08%650.71%190.21%2,03122.27%600.66%4995.47%5476.00%1,57417.26%4054.44%100.11%6096.68%2282.50%9,12035.35%
241522.34%5358.23%5588.58%480.74%2193.37%1141.75%60.09%73911.36%580.89%2684.12%1,37821.19%120.18%1001.54%2,31635.61%6,50324.19%
251,02610.43%1,35313.75%1,22312.43%940.96%560.57%5255.34%640.65%1,61316.39%2172.21%1,43614.59%1,37613.98%340.35%4104.17%4134.20%9,84033.15%
267328.22%1,12812.67%1,09812.33%510.57%650.73%3103.48%240.27%1,55117.42%2172.44%1,27514.32%1,59417.91%370.42%3223.62%4985.59%8,90230.55%
274043.84%1,54514.69%9168.71%2112.01%1891.80%2882.74%430.41%1,77216.85%1651.57%6516.19%2,01219.13%410.39%3763.57%1,90518.11%10,51828.12%
283013.59%8259.83%7118.47%1201.43%3063.65%2062.45%210.25%1,23114.67%931.11%3774.49%1,46317.43%240.29%2653.16%2,44929.18%8,39225.38%
294584.21%1,25311.52%7877.23%1111.02%5875.40%4023.70%300.28%1,44713.30%2171.99%6886.32%1,91117.57%90.08%4153.81%2,56423.57%10,87930.11%
307449.91%1,06414.17%6108.12%761.01%270.36%4005.33%600.80%1,15415.37%3414.54%1,54520.57%88511.78%100.13%3574.75%2373.16%7,51029.20%
3172511.15%1,03315.88%4707.23%540.83%230.35%3244.98%370.57%82012.61%2854.38%1,48222.78%70810.88%130.20%2674.10%2644.06%6,50526.16%
326154.59%2,44918.26%1,39810.43%1000.75%690.51%5223.89%800.60%3,94729.43%2682.00%1,0637.93%1,82213.59%600.45%8126.06%2051.53%13,41035.99%
336786.15%1,40712.77%1,21511.03%820.74%650.59%4434.02%420.38%2,76825.13%2932.66%1,46313.28%1,77416.10%370.34%5294.80%2202.00%11,01639.90%
343302.79%1,1109.39%1,0538.91%770.65%1981.67%3312.80%60.05%1,62313.73%970.82%3883.28%2,71622.97%280.24%2782.35%3,58730.34%11,82231.91%
355386.71%88110.99%1,06913.34%600.75%540.67%2763.44%310.39%1,78822.31%1952.43%1,14214.25%1,46118.23%230.29%2943.67%2012.51%8,01330.91%
3667211.53%94716.25%2584.43%480.82%250.43%4928.44%540.93%5659.70%2774.75%1,28322.02%5088.72%50.09%4217.23%2714.65%5,82623.75%
371962.53%7589.77%5787.45%530.68%6137.90%1321.70%120.15%84310.87%710.92%3724.80%1,41618.25%170.22%1622.09%2,53532.68%7,75824.50%
381,15110.46%1,90117.27%3202.91%1301.18%260.24%1,57614.32%740.67%1,22511.13%7246.58%1,51013.72%8067.32%180.16%1,17510.68%3703.36%11,00633.01%
391,0467.81%2,54819.03%6374.76%1140.85%320.24%1,2439.28%600.45%2,38717.83%5854.37%1,2889.62%1,52711.40%370.28%1,47611.02%4113.07%13,39140.62%
406885.11%1,62612.07%1,3409.94%740.55%640.47%6925.14%490.36%4,02729.88%3112.31%1,1548.56%2,27416.88%300.22%8646.41%2822.09%13,47541.96%
411,6339.11%3,39318.93%2981.66%2091.17%170.09%3,65320.38%740.41%1,5948.89%1,2066.73%1,5468.63%9115.08%310.17%2,74715.33%6123.41%17,92448.18%
427075.16%4,41232.23%5664.13%970.71%520.38%5514.02%850.62%2,86820.95%5654.13%9376.84%1,50210.97%570.42%9877.21%3042.22%13,69031.42%
436524.51%4,48931.02%7435.13%900.62%490.34%5303.66%730.50%3,36523.25%3422.36%9956.88%1,65911.46%480.33%1,1337.83%3042.10%14,47240.10%
447094.62%3,18720.76%1,1717.63%1000.65%700.46%4542.96%800.52%4,45329.01%3492.27%1,3919.06%2,13213.89%590.38%9616.26%2361.54%15,35240.26%
451,2668.46%2,40216.05%6244.17%1851.24%460.31%1,87012.50%1010.68%2,31315.46%9426.30%1,62410.85%1,4559.72%200.13%1,52910.22%5853.91%14,96242.62%
466104.32%2,03914.43%1,50310.64%960.68%870.62%3922.77%730.52%4,16329.46%2892.05%1,2548.87%2,42617.17%450.32%6744.77%4803.40%14,13140.78%
478204.18%2,86514.60%1,99110.15%1200.61%870.44%7363.75%970.49%6,21631.68%3731.90%1,6248.28%3,15916.10%490.25%1,1906.07%2931.49%19,62049.55%
485713.71%1,88612.27%1,4919.70%840.55%750.49%6374.14%520.34%5,05632.89%2971.93%1,0376.75%3,04619.81%360.23%6754.39%4302.80%15,37344.97%
494693.77%1,1479.23%1,75614.13%850.68%780.63%3843.09%370.30%3,32826.79%1771.42%1,0678.59%2,91823.49%440.35%4833.89%4513.63%12,42442.61%
505876.39%2,08722.72%5656.15%1221.33%310.34%5285.75%290.32%1,61017.53%3373.67%7558.22%1,29314.08%200.22%8268.99%3954.30%9,18532.85%

Runoff

[edit]
2019 Chicago mayoral election results (runoff)[4][3]
CandidateVotes%
Lori Lightfoot386,03973.70%
Toni Preckwinkle137,76526.30%
Total votes523,804

Results by ward

[edit]
Results by ward:
  Lightfoot
  •      54–59%
  •      59–64%
  •      64–69%
  •      69–74%
  •      74–79%
  •      79–84%
  •      84–88%

Lightfoot won all fifty of the city's wards.[4][350][351] Additionally, Lightfoot won 2,049 of the city's 2,069 voting precincts (all but twenty), a victory for Lightfoot in more than 99.03% of precincts.[352]

The onlyneighborhood to back Preckwinkle over Lightfoot was Preckwinkle's home neighborhood ofHyde Park.[353] Preckwinkle's strongest support was in Hyde Park and its surrounding area, with Preckwinkle only managing to outperform Lightfoot in a single precinct that was located away from that part of the city.[354]

Results by ward[4]
WardLightfootPreckwinkleTotal votesTurnout %
Votes%Votes%
17,76271.42%3,10628.58%10,86829.20%
210,43080.89%2,46419.11%12,89432.09%
39,28470.01%3,97729.99%13,26134.94%
48,66359.72%5,84240.28%14,50539.94%
57,52254.38%6,31145.62%13,83343.14%
67,54966.88%3,73933.12%11,28834.31%
77,09967.56%3,40932.44%10,50832.48%
89,32765.99%4,80634.01%14,13337.56%
98,25169.67%3,59230.33%11,84332.51%
105,28181.67%1,18518.33%6,46623.93%
116,48374.31%2,24125.69%8,72430.61%
123,06174.35%1,05625.65%4,11720.05%
137,20184.95%1,27615.05%8,47729.70%
143,85381.87%85318.13%4,70621.90%
153,97474.32%1,37325.68%5,34727.98%
164,08569.77%1,77030.23%5,85523.39%
175,73669.59%2,50730.41%8,24327.61%
188,43973.38%3,06126.62%11,50033.82%
1915,93184.33%2,96115.67%18,89250.16%
205,11065.81%2,65534.19%7,76520.56%
219,41668.97%4,23731.03%13,65336.15%
222,82075.20%93024.80%3,75018.40%
235,75783.56%1,13316.44%6,89026.59%
244,57669.49%2,00930.51%6,58524.21%
256,88371.81%2,70228.19%9,58532.01%
264,86766.22%2,48333.78%7,35025.05%
277,41470.78%3,06129.22%10,47527.71%
286,00471.81%2,35728.19%8,36125.04%
298,16973.40%2,96126.60%11,13030.71%
305,79073.67%2,06926.33%7,85930.33%
314,86673.28%1,77426.72%6,64026.55%
3210,02778.91%2,68021.09%12,70733.87%
338,12770.93%3,33029.07%11,45741.16%
348,30468.78%3,77031.22%12,07432.41%
354,63266.51%2,33233.49%6,96426.72%
364,55781.96%1,00318.04%5,56022.51%
375,68672.72%2,13327.28%7,81924.60%
388,49883.87%1,63416.13%10,13230.25%
3910,52379.00%2,79821.00%13,32140.23%
409,95471.55%3,95828.45%13,91243.05%
4113,02687.53%1,85612.47%14,88239.79%
4211,08684.32%2,06115.68%13,14729.95%
4311,75683.58%2,30916.42%14,06538.59%
4410,90480.47%2,64619.53%13,55035.20%
4510,04181.50%2,27918.50%12,32034.90%
4610,40073.06%3,83526.94%14,23540.69%
4714,30274.78%4,82425.22%19,12647.97%
4810,45270.27%4,42129.73%14,87343.26%
496,58463.32%3,81436.68%10,39835.00%
505,57771.88%2,18228.12%7,75927.57%

Voter turnout

[edit]

First round

[edit]

Turnout in the first round of the election was 35.20%.[1][2] The low turnout was attributed to poor youth turnout and a drop off in voter turnout from the2018 midterms.[355][356][357]

The 35.32% turnout was higher than that of the first round of the 2015 election,[358] but was lower than that of the 2015 runoff.[359] Turnout was lower than in the previous open racein 2011.[360]

Turnout was reported to be lowest among themillennial age demographic, with a lower turnout among those under 35 than the previous lowest under-35 turnout in 2007.[361]

Runoff

[edit]

Runoff turnout was 32.89%.[4][3]

Portrayal in media

[edit]

TheSteve James documentary seriesCity So Real, which premiered at the2020 Sundance Film Festival and was later televised onNational Geographic on October 28, 2020, centers on the mayoral election.[362]

Timeline

[edit]

2017

[edit]
  • June: The organization Take Charge Chicago (led by former Illinois GovernorPat Quinn) begins circulating petitions to place areferendum on theNovember 2018 ballot which, if approved by voters, would have prohibited Chicago mayors from serving more than two consecutive terms. If approved by voters, this would have prevented incumbent mayor Rahm Emanuel from being eligible for re-election[363]
  • October 19: Rahm Emanuel declares his intention to seek re-election[12]
  • November 17: Troy LaRiviere announces candidacy[13]

2018

[edit]

March

  • March 21: Garry McCarthy announces candidacy[15]
  • March 29: Willie Wilson announces candidacy[14]

April

  • April 19: Dorothy A. Brown Cook announces candidacy[16]
  • April 20: Ja'Mal Green announces candidacy[364]
  • April 22: Neal Sáles-Griffin announces candidacy[17]

May

  • May 2: Paul Vallas announces candidacy[18]
  • May 8: John Kozlar announces candidacy[19]
  • May 10: Lori Lightfoot announces candidacy[365]

August

  • August 6: Take Charge Chicago formally submits to the Chicago Board of Election its petition for a term-limits referendum question to be included on the November 2018 ballot[366]
  • August 24: Trudy Leong announces candidacy[367]
  • August 29: Amara Enyia[21] and Jerry Joyce[22] announce candidacies
  • August 31: Chicago Board of Elections rules that the term-limits referendum question petitioned by Take Charge Chicago had collected a sufficient number of valid signatures to preliminary qualify for inclusion on the November 2018 ballot[368]

September

  • September 4: Rahm Emanuel withdraws
  • September 11: Antoine Members[369] and Charles Minor[370] announce candidacies
  • September 12: Chicago Board of Elections rules that the term-limits referendum question petitioned by Take Charge Chicago is ineligible for inclusion on the November 2018 ballot due to improper phrasing[368][371][372]
  • September 17: William M. Daley announces candidacy[373]
  • September 18: Gery Chico[79] and William J. Kelly[374] announce candidacies
  • September 20: Toni Preckwinkle announces candidacy[375][376]
  • September 27: LaShawn Ford announces candidacy[377]

November

  • November 13: Troy LaRiviere withdraws
  • November 14: Susana Mendoza announces candidacy[102]
  • November 19: First day of petition filing
    • Catherine Brown D'Tycoon, Jerry Joyce, Toni Preckwinkle, and Paul Vallas file petitions[63][69]
  • November 23: Conrien Hykes Clark files petition[69]
  • November 26: Final day of petition filing[378]
    • Dorothy A. Brown Cook, Gery Chico, William M. Daley, Amara Enyia, Robert Fioretti, La Shawn K. Ford, Ja'Mal Green, John Kozlar, Lori Lightfoot, Sandra L. Mallory, Richard Mayers, Garry McCarthy, Susana Mendoza, Neal Sáles-Griffin, Roger L. Washington submit petitions[69]
    • William J. Kelly withdraws[134]
  • November 27: William "Dock" Walls withdraws[138]

December

  • December 3: Deadline for challenges to be filed[379]
    • Chico, Enyia, Fioretti, Joyce, Kozlar, Mallory, Preckwinkle, Vallas, and Wilson were not challenged, and were therefore certified as candidates and granted ballot status[69][380]
    • Challenges were filed against the petitions of Brown Cook, Brown D'Tycoon, Daley, Ford, Green, Hykes Clark, Lightfoot, Mayers, McCarthy, Mendoza, Sáles-Griffin, and Washington.[69][70]
  • December 20: Daley[381] and McCarthy[382] are both officially granted ballot status
  • December 27: Deadline to declare intent to run as a write-in candidates
    • Mendoza is officially granted ballot status[383]
    • The petitions of Hykes Clark,[125][384][385] Mallory,[125] and Mayers[125][385][386] are rejected, effectively removing these candidates' names from the ballot[70]
    • Ja'Mal Green files to withdraw his name from the ballot and instead run as a write-in[111][112][113]
  • December 31: Ja'Mal Green withdraws[109]

2019

[edit]

January

  • January 2:
    • Lightfoot is officially granted ballot status[73]
    • The petitions of Brown D'Tycoon[108] and Washington[133] are rejected, effectively removing their names from the ballot[70]
  • January 12: Ford is officially granted ballot status[98]
  • January 22:
    • Sáles-Griffin is officially granted ballot status[387]
    • The petition of Brown Cook is rejected, effectively removing her name from the ballot[388]
  • January 29: Early voting begins for first round of election[67][68]

February

  • February 26: First round of election is held

March

  • March 15: Early voting begins for the runoff election[298][389]

April

  • April 2: Runoff election is held

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw"TABULATED STATEMENT OF THE RETURNS AND PROCLAMATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE CANVASS OF THE ELECTION RETURNS FOR THE FEBRUARY 26, 2019, MUNICIPAL GENERAL ELECTION HELD IN EACH OF THE PRECINCTS IN ALL OF THE WARDS IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO"(PDF). Chicago Board of Elections. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2020.
  2. ^abcdefghijkl"2019 Municipal General – 2/26/19".chicagoelections.gov. Board of Election Commissioners for the City of Chicago. RetrievedFebruary 20, 2020.
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  234. ^Wilson, Willie [@DrWillieWilson] (February 17, 2019)."Today, Dr. Willie Wilson receives the profound endorsement of longtime, respected Chicago leader & Congressman @RepDannyDavis that echoes throughout the westside of #Chicago! #ThePeoplesMayor #WeAreOne #Punch22Feb26 #ChiMayor19 https://t.co/MTGHd6c2W5" (Tweet). RetrievedDecember 23, 2020 – viaTwitter.
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  242. ^Lightfoot, Lori [@LoriLightfoot] (March 11, 2019).""The opportunity here is to seize the chance to truly remake City government." ICYMI, watch to learn why @RepKellyCassidy is joining our movement for change ➡️ https://t.co/2yvw4jEOwp https://t.co/w1OTgMzAIP" (Tweet). RetrievedDecember 23, 2020 – viaTwitter.
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  262. ^"Statement by 44th Ward Alderman Tom... – Re-Elect Alderman Tom Tunney". Facebook. RetrievedApril 2, 2019.
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  267. ^Green, Ja'Mal [@JaymalGreen] (March 22, 2019)."Ja'Mal Green on Twitter: "I'm proud to endorse @LightfootForChi for mayor of Chicago. She is the mayor we need at this time. I also commended Toni Preckwinkle on her years of service and I hope they both can work together in the near future. Our agenda is plain and Lori has adopted it. #lightfootformayor‌ https://t.co/tYh303qBdS"" (Tweet). RetrievedApril 2, 2019 – viaTwitter.
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  270. ^@JohnKozlar (March 19, 2019)."John Kozlar for Mayor on Twitter: "I am proud to endorse @LightfootForChi for mayor. Over the past few months, Lori and I went to dozens of community forums and many candidate events. Lori is passionate, family oriented, and she is the candidate I trust to serve our neighborhoods-not the corrupt political machine.… https://t.co/VMksBFkB9E"" (Tweet). RetrievedApril 2, 2019 – viaTwitter.
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  292. ^@LightfootForChi (March 29, 2019)."Lori Lightfoot on Twitter: "I'm so proud to have the endorsement of @UniteHerelocal1! UNITE HERE does essential work empowering hospitality workers that make Chicago a world class city. I look forward to partnering with UNITE HERE & working families to fight for safe work conditions & living wages for all. https://t.co/GqdqNj4DLt"" (Tweet). RetrievedApril 2, 2019 – viaTwitter.
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