On the evening of 11 December 2018, a terrorist attack[1] occurred inStrasbourg, France, when a man attacked civilians in the city's busyChristkindelsmärik (Christmas market) with a revolver and a knife, killing five and wounding 11 before fleeing in a taxi.[2][3][4] Authorities called the shooting an act of terrorism.[5][6]
The attacker was 29-year-oldChérif Chekatt, who had multiple criminal convictions and was on asecurity services watchlist as a suspectedIslamist extremist. Chekatt was killed in a shootout with French police on the evening of 13 December after a manhunt involving 700 officers. Judicial sources said he had pledged allegiance to the terrorist organisationIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
Christkindelsmärik is theAlsatian dialect name of theChristmas market in Strasbourg, held annually on the square in front of theStrasbourg Cathedral since 1570.[7][8] In 2000, abombing plot was foiled by the French and German police whenAl-Qaeda-linked operatives[9] had planned to detonatepressure cookers rigged as bombs in the crowd at theChristkindelsmärik. Since then, the market has been under reinforced security.[10] In 2016, several people were arrested inMarseille and Strasbourg for planning a terrorist attack; officials considered cancelling the Christmas market, but it was ultimately held as scheduled.[11]
On the morning of 11 December 2018, the police raided the home of Chérif Chekatt inNeudorf with the intention of arresting him on suspicion ofattempted murder.[12] He was not at home, but they found astun grenade,[13] a loaded.22 calibre rifle, four knives, and ammunition.[8][14][15]
Place Broglie, showing a different Strasbourg Christmas market closed two days after the attack
The attack started at approximately 19:50local time (18:50UTC)[16] nearPlace Kléber, where theChristkindelsmärik was being held.[15]Chérif Chekatt entered the area throughPont du Corbeau, then went throughRue des Orfèvres, opening fire and stabbing people in three different locations, first atCarré-d'Or (Rue des Orfèvres), thenRue des Grandes-Arcades.[3][17] The attack lasted ten minutes and took place in multiple streets, during which timeChekatt was heard shouting "Allahu akbar" as he attacked members of the crowd.[17] He then exchanged fire with soldiers ofOpération Sentinelle, and then with theNational Police;[3] a soldier was hit in the hand, andChekatt was shot in the arm.[3][8][18] A 45-year-old Thai tourist[3] was hit in the head in front of a restaurant and died, despite a passersby attempting to resuscitate him; ambulances took over 45 minutes to arrive.[8][12]
Chekatt then escaped in the direction ofNeudorf andPlace de l'Étoile, taking a taxi cab; the driver was unharmed and reported to the police having taken an armed and wounded man.[3] His testimony allowed the police to identify the gunman, as the man bragged about killing people and having a grenade at home.[17][19] Two days after the attack, Chekatt's gun was revealed to be aModèle 1892 revolver.[20][21][22]
Initially, 350 personnel of the security forces hunted for Chekatt, supported by air units.[3][23] Five hundred more personnel joined the next day, with a further 1,300 planned to join as reinforcements.[24] The incident led to the closure of locations around the city, including theEuropean Parliament building.[25] Police usedTwitter to relay information to the public.[25][26][27] The French government raised their security threat level to the highest possible as the search continued,[28] though Justice MinisterNicole Belloubet stated onPublic Sénat that astate of emergency would not be declared for the incident.[3] Five thousand people were stranded in a sports facility used as temporary shelter, and the European Parliament was put on lockdown.[8] PresidentAntonio Tajani tweeted that the European Parliament "will not be intimidated by terrorist or criminal attacks" and will "continue to work and react, strengthened by freedom and democracy against terrorist violence".[29] The incident was declared an act of terrorism by French authorities.[30]
Five people were killed;[31] two died at the scene and three others in hospital, while 11 others were injured, four critically.[4] The first of the dead to be identified was a 45-year-old male tourist from Thailand who was shot multiple times and died at the scene.[32] He was on holiday with his wife, who was also shot, but survived.[33] The others were a French 61-year-old former bank employee;[32] a 45-year-old local male mechanic and Muslim originally from Afghanistan who died two days later,[32][34] Antonio Megalizzi, a 29-year-old journalist from Italy covering the European Parliament plenary session, who died on 14 December;[32][35][36][37] and Barto Pedro Orent-Niedzielski, a 36-year-old French-Polish national who died on 16 December.[38][39][40]
The perpetrator wasChérif Chekatt (French pronunciation:[ʃɛʁifʃɛkat]),[15][42][43] a 29-year-old man born of a retired national French-Algerian delivery driver,[41][44] characterised as a "hardened criminal" who "converted to rigorous Islam".[45]
According to French authorities, Chekatt had been known to police since the age of 10 and he had his first criminal conviction by age 13.[46] He was known to security services for a total of 27 convictions in France, Germany, and Switzerland, arising from 67 recorded crimes in France alone.[47][48] His criminal activities started withpetty crime, robbery and drug dealing.[49]
French police considered him a "gangster-jihadist", a term referring to people convicted of various crimes and "radicalised" in prison.[50] Chekatt was released from prison in France in 2015, then received a prison sentence for theft inSingen, Germany and was expelled to France after his release in 2017.[51]
Chekatt was tagged with afiche "S" ("State Security" file), a type of extra-judiciary document that French State Security uses to keep track of suspect individuals while not necessarily keeping surveillance on them. He was listed for his recent "religious radicalisation"[8][28][52] and for "Islamic extremism".[53][54][55] Neighbours said that he seemed quite ordinary, comparing him to his more traditional brother.[56] His German lawyer told media that "he was just an ordinary criminal. It was no special case. We didn't notice any radicalisation."[57] Secretary of State Laurent Nuñez stated that Chekatt had become a "terrorism apologist" in prison, but had not been expected to perform an attack.[56] On the morning of the attack, local police had attempted to arrest him in relation to anattempted murder, but they could not locate him[12] because Chekatt's father had warned him by SMS that thegendarmes were about to arrest him.[58]
Investigators subsequently concluded that Chekatt had made extensive preparations for the attack.[59] He told fellow inmates in 2015 that he would "commit a robbery before departing for Syria or die a martyr",[60][61] and became "very interested in seeking weapons", according to a friend of the jihadist, Audrey Mondjehi.[according to whom?][62]
Police mobilized in Neudorf hours after the attack
An investigation was initiated for "murder and acts of terrorism in relation to a criminal enterprise".[8] Four people close to Chekatt were detained for questioning after the shooting,[19] namely his father, who is tagged with afiche "S" as well because of his religious fundamentalism,[63] his mother, and two of his brothers, both known for their localSalafist affiliation,[64] and a fifth person was taken into custody on 13 December.[65] Asearch warrant was issued in Algeria for a "very radicalised" third brother,[66] who has his ownfiche "S" record because of radicalisation and "contacts with Islamist circles in Strasbourg".[67]
Chekatt was still at large after the attack, and an international manhunt began. There were some initial fears that he had escaped to Germany across theRhine.[68] Immediate efforts for the manhunt included closing the city'sA35 autoroute that leads to Switzerland and Germany, a coordinated security reinforcement between Strasbourg and German state police, and suspending the tramway between the city andKehl in Germany.[8] Ultimately, more than 700 officers were involved in the manhunt.[69] On 12 December at 19:20 (18:20 UTC), the French National Police released a photograph ofChekatt and asked for any witnesses to come forward.[24][70][71]
On the evening of 13 December, police foundChekatt in Strasbourg betweenNeudorf and theStade de la Meinau. He fired on officers when they tried to question him and they returned fire, killing him.[65][72][73]
Soon after his death, theIslamic State claimed him as one of their "soldiers" through their propaganda outlet,Amaq.[74][75]Christophe Castaner, France's interior minister, dismissed the claim as "completely opportunistic".[76] In an interview forFrance 2, Chekatt's father said his son had been an Islamic State supporter.[77] Nine days after Chekatt's death, aUSB key containing a video of him pledging allegiance to the Islamic State was found among his belongings, judicial sources said.[78][79]
Conspiracy theorists and some members of theyellow vests movement, which was ongoing at the time of the attack, commented on social media that the shooting was afalse flag conspiracy by the French president, to distract attention from the movement's protests. This prompted angry denials from cabinet ministers,[who?] who called the claims "disgusting".[82][83][84]
On 3 April 2024, a court in Paris sentenced Audrey Mondjehi to 30 years in prison for his role in providing the gun Chekatt used in the attack but acquitted him of the specific charge of complicity in the "terrorist murders", supporting Mondjehi's defence that he was unaware of where the weapon was to be used for. Two other suspects were also convicted of helping Chekatt and were sentenced to five years' imprisonment, while a third suspect was acquitted. Mondjehi expressed regret for his actions.[85]
^"Strasbourg : l'attaque de Cherif Chekatt était "préméditée" selon Le Monde". Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace. 14 January 2019. Retrieved15 January 2019.Quant au père, Ange Chekatt, âgé de 71 ans, il a prévenu son fils, par SMS, qu'il était recherché par les gendarmes, au matin du 11 décembre, qualifiant les forces de l'ordre de "chiens".
^Elise Vincent (14 January 2019)."L'attentat de Strasbourg était prémédité".Le Monde (in French). Retrieved15 January 2019.the jihadi sought weapons for several weeks - le djihadiste cherchait des armes depuis plusieurs semaines
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