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2016 in archosaur paleontology

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Overview of the events of 2016 in archosaur paleontology

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Thisarchosaur paleontology list records newfossil archosauriform taxa that weredescribed during the year 2016, as well as notes other significant Archosaur paleontology discoveries and events which occurred during the year.

Basal archosauriforms

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Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Litorosuchus^[1]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Liet al.	Middle Triassic	Falang Formation	China	Probably a relative ofVancleavea. The type species isL. somnii.
Triopticus^[2]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Stockeret al.	Late Triassic (latest Carnian-early Norian)	Dockum Group	United States (Texas)	Probably abasal member ofArchosauriformes. The type species isT. primus.

Basal archosauriform research

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A study on theresting metabolic rate of 14 taxa of fossilarchosauromorph reptiles as indicated by bonehistology is published by Legendreet al. (2016).^[3]
A study of the phylogenetic relationships of the archosauriforms traditionally assigned to the familyEuparkeriidae is published by Sookias (2016).^[4]
A redescription of the braincase and the inner ear ofEuparkeria capensis is published by Sobralet al. (2016).^[5]
A study of the phylogenetic relationships ofarchosauromorph reptiles, with an emphasis on the phylogenetic relationships ofproterosuchids anderythrosuchids, is published by Ezcurra (2016).^[6]
A study on the patterns of morphological diversity of the skulls of late Permian to Early Jurassic archosauromorph reptiles is published by Fothet al. (2016).^[7]
A study on the braincase anatomy of thetype specimens ofPseudochampsa ischigualastensis andTropidosuchus romeri is published by Trotteyn & Paulina-Carabajal (2016).^[8]
A reevaluation of theneotype specimen ofParasuchus hislopi and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Kammereret al. (2016), who consider the genusParasuchus to be a senior synonym of the generaPaleorhinus andArganarhinus, and refer the speciesPaleorhinus bransoni Williston (1904),Francosuchus angustifrons Kuhn (1936) andPaleorhinus magnoculus Dutuit (1977) to the genusParasuchus.^[9]
A study on the endocranial anatomy (including the brain, inner ear, neurovascular structures and sinus systems) ofParasuchus angustifrons andEbrachosuchus neukami is published by Lautenschlager & Butler (2016).^[10]

Pseudosuchians

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Research

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A study of the skull anatomy of theornithosuchidRiojasuchus tenuisceps is published by von Baczko & Desojo (2016).^[11]
A restudy ofDasygnathoides longidens andOrnithosuchus woodwardi, rejecting their synonymy, is published by von Baczko & Ezcurra (2016).^[12]
A study on thecranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of theaetosaurParatypothorax andressorum is published by Schoch & Desojo (2016).^[13]
New fossil material from theTriassic (Ladinian or earliestCarnian) Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence inBrazil attributed to therauisuchian speciesPrestosuchus chiniquensis is described by Lacerdaet al. (2016).^[14]
A study on the presence, size, shape, and position of the subnarialforamen (an opening located betweenpremaxilla andmaxilla) inPrestosuchus chiniquensis and its implication for archosaurian phylogeny is published by Roberto-da-Silvaet al. (2016).^[15]
A redescription of the fossil material assignable to the speciesTrialestes romeri and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Lecuona, Ezcurra & Irmis (2016).^[16]
Theosteological description ofCarnufex carolinensis and a study of its phylogenetic position is published by Drymala &Zanno (2016).^[17]
A study on the changes ofcrocodyliform biodiversity through theJurassic/Cretaceous transition and on probable causes of the decline of some crocodyliform lineages at this time is published by Tennant, Mannion & Upchurch (2016).^[18]
Description of postcranial skeletons of three specimens of thesphagesauridCaipirasuchus (representingCaipirasuchus montealtensis,Caipirasuchus paulistanus andCaipirasuchus sp.) is published by Iori, Carvalho & Marinho (2016).^[19]
Description of the postcranial elements of the skeleton ofPissarrachampsa sera is published by Godoyet al. (2016).^[20]
Description of new cranial remains ofPholidosaurus purbeckensis from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) of France and a study of phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Martin, Raslan-Loubatié & Mazin (2016).^[21]
Fossils of thedyrosaurid crocodylomorphHyposaurus are described from the Late CretaceousShendi Formation ofSudan by Salihet al. (2016).^[22]
A description of theendocranial anatomy ofSteneosaurus is published byBrusatteet al. (2016).^[23]
A study on the body proportions and body size ofteleosaurids is published by Younget al. (2016).^[24]
Fossils ofteleosauroid thalattosuchians, including a close relative ofLemmysuchus andMachimosaurus, are described from theMiddle Jurassic (Bathonian) ofMorocco by Jouveet al. (2016), who name a newtribe Machimosaurini.^[25]
A redescription of the holotype specimen of themetriorhynchid species"Plesiosaurus" mexicanus Wieland (1910) is published by Barrientos-Laraet al. (2016), who transfer the species to the genusTorvoneustes.^[26]
Newgoniopholidid specimen belonging or related to the speciesGoniopholis lucasii /Amphicotylus lucasii, representing a single individual rather than a composite of unassociated elements, is described from theUpper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Wyoming, United States) byErickson (2016).^[27]
A Middle Jurassicdentary from the Isle ofSkye,Scotland, United Kingdom, referred toTheriosuchus sp., is described by Younget al. (2016).^[28]
Ahistological study of a specimen ofSusisuchus anatoceps is published by Sayãoet al. (2016).^[29]
New fossil material ofAllodaposuchus precedens is described from the Late Cretaceous of France by Martinet al. (2016).^[30]
Fossilmekosuchine vertebrae, tentatively assigned toMekosuchus whitehunterensis, are described fromRiversleigh (Australia) by Stein,Archer & Hand (2016), who interpret them as confirming that even adult specimens of this species were smaller in snout-vent length than adults of extant smallcrocodilian species belonging to the generaPaleosuchus andOsteolaemus, and indicating that this species employed feeding behaviours that were unusual for crocodilians.^[31]
Partial skeleton of theChinese alligator is described from the late Pliocene of western Japan by Iijima, Takahashi & Kobayashi (2016).^[32]
A study on theosteology ofalligator fossils from the late Miocene Moss Acres Racetrack locality inMarion County, Florida and the phylogenetic placement of the alligators these fossils belonged to within the genusAlligator is published by Whiting, Steadman & Vliet (2016).^[33]
New information on the anatomy ofGlobidentosuchus brachyrostris andCentenariosuchus gilmorei and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of these species is published by Hastings, Reisser & Scheyer (2016).^[34]

New taxa

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Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Agaresuchus^[35]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Narváezet al.	Late Cretaceous (lateCampanian–Maastrichtian)		Spain	A member ofAllodaposuchidae. Genus includes new speciesAgaresuchus fontisensis, as well as"Allodaposuchus" subjuniperus.	A. fontisensis
Bayomesasuchus^[36]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Barrios, Paulina-Carabajal & Bona	Late Cretaceous	CerroLisandro Formation	Argentina	Apeirosaurid crocodyliform. The type species isBayomesasuchus hernandezi.
Elosuchus broinae^[37]	Sp. nov	Valid	Meunier & Larsson	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)		Algeria
Fortignathus^[38]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid^[39]	Younget al.	Cretaceous (lateAlbian-earlyCenomanian)	Echkar Formation	Niger	Adyrosaurid or a relative of dyrosaurids; a new genus for"Elosuchus" felixi de Lapparent de Broin (2002).
Gryposuchus pachakamue^[40]	Sp. nov	Valid	Salas-Gismondiet al.	Miocene	Pebas Formation	Peru	A member ofGryposuchinae, a species ofGryposuchus.
Kalthifrons^[41]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Yates & Pledge	Pliocene	Tirari Formation	Australia	A member ofMekosuchinae. The type species isK. aurivellensis.
Kentisuchus astrei^[42]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jouve	Eocene (lateLutetian)		France	A member ofTomistominae, a species ofKentisuchus.
Lavocatchampsa^[43]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martin & De Lapparent De Broin	Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)	Kem Kem Beds	Morocco	Anotosuchian. The type species isL. sigogneaurusselae.
Llanosuchus^[44]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fiorelliet al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian?)	Los Llanos Formation	Argentina	Anotosuchian crocodyliform. The type species isLlanosuchus tamaensis.
Machimosaurus rex^[45]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fantiet al.	Early Cretaceous		Tunisia	Ateleosaurid crocodylomorph, a species ofMachimosaurus.
Patagosuchus^[46]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lioet al.	Late Cretaceous (Turonian–Coniacian)	Portezuelo Formation	Argentina	Apeirosaurid crocodylomorph. The type species isPatagosuchus anielensis.
Protoalligator^[47]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Wang, Sullivan & Liu	Middle Paleocene	Wanghudun Formation	China	A member ofAlligatoroidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for"Eoalligator" huiningensis Young (1982).
Sabinosuchus^[48]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Shiller, Porras-Muzquiz & Lehman	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Escondido Formation	Mexico	A member ofDyrosauridae^[48] orPholidosauridae.^[49] The type species isS. coahuilensis.
Sabresuchus^[50]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Tennant, Mannion & Upchurch	Cretaceous (lateBarremian–Maastrichtian)		Romania Spain	A member ofParalligatoridae. The type species is"Theriosuchus" ibericus Brinkmann (1989); genus also includes"Theriosuchus" sympiestodon Martin, Rabi & Csiki (2010).
Scutarx^[51]^[52]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Parker	Late Triassic (middleNorian)	Chinle Formation Cooper Canyon Formation	United States (Arizona,Texas)	Anaetosaur. The type species isScutarx deltatylus.
Ultrastenos^[53]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Stein, Hand & Archer	Late Oligocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member ofMekosuchinae. The type species isU. willisi. Yates & Stein (2024) subsequently interpretedU. willisi as ajunior synonym of"Baru" huberi, but maintainedUltrastenos as a distinct mekosuchine genus, resulting in a new combinationUltrastenos huberi.^[54]
Vivaron^[55]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lessneret al.	Late Triassic (Norian)	Chinle Formation	United States (New Mexico)	Arauisuchid. The type species isV. haydeni.

Basal dinosauromorphs

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Research

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Marsicanoet al. (2016) date theChañares Formation, containing fossils of non-dinosauriandinosauromorphsLagerpeton,Lewisuchus,Marasuchus andPseudolagosuchus, to earlyCarnian (236–234 Ma), 5–10 million years younger than previously thought. On this basis the authors postulate that the origin of dinosaurs was a relatively rapid event, as the transition from vertebrate communities containing only non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs to communities containing the first dinosaurs occurred in less than a 5-million year interval.^[56]
A study on theontogeny of thefemur and thehistology oflong bones of thesilesauridAsilisaurus kongwe is published by Griffin &Nesbitt (2016).^[57]
Basal dinosauromorph fossils including fossils of bothDromomeron romeri andD. gregorii, as well as adinosauriform fibula resembling the fibula ofMarasuchus lilloensis but with much larger size, are described from theLate Triassic Dockum Group ofTexas, USA by Sarıgül (2016).^[58]

New taxa

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Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Dromomeron gigas^[59]	Sp. nov	Valid	Martínezet al.	Late Triassic (Norian)	Quebrada del Barro Formation	Argentina	Alagerpetid dinosauromorph, a species ofDromomeron.
Ixalerpeton^[60]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cabreiraet al.	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil	Alagerpetid dinosauromorph. The type species isI. polesinensis.

Non-avian dinosaurs

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Research

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An assessment of methods used to the determine theontogenetic status of non-avian dinosaur specimens is published by Hone, Farke &Wedel (2016).^[61]
A study of the evolutionary dynamics ofspeciation and extinction through time in Mesozoic dinosaurs is published by Sakamoto,Benton & Venditti (2016).^[62]
A study on the dinosaur metabolism, re-evaluating earlier studies of Werner & Griebeler (2014)^[63] and Gradyet al. (2014),^[64] is published byMyhrvold (2016).^[65]^[66]^[67]
A study on the morphological similarities of the skulls ofPlateosaurus engelhardti,Stegosaurus stenops andErlikosaurus andrewsi, their feeding mechanics and behaviour is published by Lautenschlageret al. (2016).^[68]
A study testing for a correlation between the presence of bonycranial ornaments and large body size in non-aviantheropod dinosaurs is published by Gates, Organ & Zanno (2016).^[69]
A description oftheropod teeth from theLate Jurassic of NorthernGermany and a study of their phylogenetic relationships is published by Gerke & Wings (2016).^[70]
A study on the tooth attachment tissues inCoelophysis bauri is published by Fonget al. (2016).^[71]
A study on the variation inmorphological changes duringontogeny among members of the same species in early dinosaursCoelophysis bauri andMegapnosaurus rhodesiensis as compared to the variation among livingbirds andcrocodilians is published by Griffin &Nesbitt (2016).^[72]
Senter & Juengst (2016) identify pathological features in eightpectoral girdle and forelimb bones of theholotype specimen ofDilophosaurus wetherilli.^[73]
A study ofosteology and phylogenetic relationships ofElaphrosaurus bambergi is published by Rauhut & Carrano (2016).^[74]
A new specimen ofVelocisaurus unicus is described by Brissón Egli, Agnolín & Novas (2016).^[75]
Footprints attributed to largemegalosaurid theropods are described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)Serra de Aire Formation (Portugal) by Razzoliniet al. (2016), who interpret the tracks as left by dinosaurs crossing thetidal flat during low tide periods.^[76]
A study on the validity of the theropod genusAltispinax is published by Maisch (2016).^[77]
Six isolatedspinosaurid quadrates, most likely coming from theKem Kem Beds, are described by Hendrickx,Mateus & Buffetaut (2016), who interpret the differences in their anatomy as confirming the presence of twospinosaurine taxa in theCenomanian of North Africa, rather than only one (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus).^[78]
The description of a new largeabelisaurid femur (Dinosauria:Theropoda) from theKem Kem Beds, byAlfio Alessandro Chiarenza & Andrea Cau (2016) demonstrates the presence of large bodied individuals of this clade sympatric with other giant theropod dinosaurs from this area. This study includes also an overview on theCenomanian (LateCretaceous) theropod assemblage from Morocco.^[79]
Fossils of a large Early Cretaceous (Albian)megaraptorid theropod are described from theGriman Creek Formation (New South Wales,Australia) by Bellet al. (2016), who consider the theropod to be the largest predatory dinosaur yet identified from Australia.^[80]
A study on themanual anatomy ofMegaraptor andAustralovenator, as well as its implications for the phylogenetic relationships of these taxa, is published byNovas, Aranciaga Rolando & Agnolín (2016).^[81]
A study of the phylogenetic relationships oftyrannosauroid theropods is published byBrusatte andCarr (2016).^[82]
Medullary bone homologous with one present in living birds is identified in a specimen ofTyrannosaurus rex bySchweitzeret al. (2016).^[83]
Three fossil feathers from the Crato Member of the Early CretaceousSantana Formation (Brazil) are described by Pradoet al. (2016), who attribute them tocoelurosaurian theropods of uncertain phylogenetic placement.^[84]
Feathered tail of a theropod dinosaur, probably of a juvenile non-aviancoelurosaur, preserved inCretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)Burmese amber is described by Xinget al. (2016)^[85]
A study of the effectiveness of proposed pathways for the evolution of the flight stroke in non-avian coelurosaurian theropods and early birds using biomechanical mathematical models is published by Dececchi, Larsson & Habib (2016).^[86]
A detailed description of themorphology of themandible and teeth ofSegnosaurus galbinensis is published byZannoet al. (2016).^[87]
The first knownoviraptorosaur (Avimimus)bone bed is described from theNemegt Formation (Mongolia) by Funstonet al. (2016).^[88]
New specimens ofElmisaurus rarus are described from the Late Cretaceous ofMongolia byCurrie, Funston &Osmólska (2016).^[89]
New specimens ofLeptorhynchos elegans andLeptorhynchos sp. are described from the Late Cretaceous ofCanada by Funston, Currie & Burns (2016).^[90]
A study on themicro- andultrastructure of the fossil claw sheath of a specimen ofCitipati osmolskae, indicating the preservation of originalkeratinous claw material, is published by Moyer, Zheng &Schweitzer (2016).^[91]
A study of themorphological disparity of teeth ofmaniraptoran theropods living during the last 18 million years of theCretaceous is published by Larson, Brown and Evans (2016).^[92]
A robustilium of abasal sauropodomorph dinosaur is described from theElliot Formation (South Africa) by McPhee & Choiniere (2016).^[93]
A new completefemur assigned toPampadromaeus barberenai is described by Mülleret al. (2016).^[94]
A study on the jawadductor musculature and bite forces inPlateosaurus andCamarasaurus is published by Button, Barrett & Rayfield (2016).^[95]
A study of the evolution of whole-body shape and body segment properties ofsauropod dinosaurs is published by Bateset al. (2016).^[96]
A study on the intervertebraljoints in the necks and tails of sauropod dinosaurs, characterized by having the convex articular face directed away from the body and the concave articular face directed toward the body, is published by Fronimos,Wilson & Baumiller (2016), who argue that these joints evolved to prevent possible joint failure caused by rotation, providing stability with greater mobility and facilitating the evolution of elongated necks and tails in sauropods.^[97]
A restudy ofSanpasaurus yaoi, originally classified as anornithopod dinosaur, is published by McPheeet al. (2016), who consider this species to be an early sauropod instead.^[98]
Description of several sauropod vertebrae collected from theEarly Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation (South Africa) and a study on the diversity of the sauropods known from the Kirkwood Formation is published by McPheeet al. (2016).^[99]
Gallina (2016) argues thatAmargatitanis macni, initially considered to be atitanosaur, is actually adicraeosaurid.^[100]
A reassessment of the systematics, paleoenvironment, life history and geologic age ofSonorasaurus thompsoni is published by D'Emic, Foreman & Jud (2016).^[101]
A study on divergence dates and ancestral ranges of Titanosauria is published by Gorscak & O'Connor (2016).^[102]
Osteoma andhemangioma are documented for the first time in avertebra of atitanosaur sauropod from the Late Cretaceous ofBrazil by de Souza Barbosaet al. (2016).^[103]
Sauropod fossils, including a caudal vertebra attributed to a large-bodiedlithostrotian titanosaur, are reported from the CretaceousKem Kem Beds (Morocco) by Ibrahimet al. (2016).^[104]
A study on the anatomy of theappendicular skeleton ofDreadnoughtus schrani is published by Ullmann & Lacovara (2016).^[105]
A study of the skull anatomy and phylogenetic relationships ofTapuiasaurus macedoi is published byWilsonet al. (2016).^[106]
A juvenile specimen ofRapetosaurus krausei is described byCurry Rogerset al. (2016).^[107]
Well-vascularisedendosteally formed bone tissue is reported in thesaltasaurine titanosaurs byChinsamy, Cerda &Powell (2016), who argue that additional evidence is required to determine whether vascularised endosteal bone tissues reported in extinct archosaurs aremedullary bone or just a pathological bone.^[108]
A study on the effect of jaw shape and jawadductor musculature on the relative bite force in members of 52ornithischian genera is published by Nabavizadeh (2016).^[109]
A study on the anatomical diversity of thepredentary in ornithischian dinosaurs is published by Nabavizadeh &Weishampel (2016).^[110]
Heterodontosaurid metatarsi,phalanges and tailvertebrae are described from theEarly Jurassic (lateToarcian)Cañadon Asfalto Formation (Argentina) by Becerraet al. (2016), who note the similarities in anatomy of thedigits of this heterodontosaurid and the digits of arborealbirds and argue that the heterodontosaurid might have had grasping feet with long digits.^[111]
New specimens ofLesothosaurus diagnosticus are described by Barrettet al. (2016).^[112]
A description of the braincase anatomy ofPawpawsaurus campbelli based on CT scans is published by Paulina-Carabajal, Lee & Jacobs (2016).^[113]
A new specimen ofHaya griva is described from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia byNorell & Barta (2016).^[114]
A reassessment of the holotype locality ofLeaellynasaura amicagraphica is published by Herne, Tait & Salisbury (2016), who argue that several fossils traditionally referred toL. amicagraphica cannot be confidently attributed to this species.^[115]
A study on the evolution of the teethmorphologies of theornithopod dinosaurs is published by Stricksonet al. (2016), who argue that major increases of rates of dental character evolution among ornithopods did not correspond to times of plant diversification, including the radiation of theflowering plants.^[116]
Fossils of a diminutiveornithopod dinosaur, probably a member ofRhabdodontidae, are described from the upperBarremian-lowerAptian Castrillo de la Reina Formation (Cameros Basin,Spain) by Dieudonnéet al. (2016).^[117]
A new specimen ofValdosaurus canaliculatus, the most complete yet found, is described by Barrett (2016).^[118]
Tibia and tail vertebrae ofiguanodontian dinosaurs are described from theCleaver Bank (North Sea) by Mulder & Fraaije (2016).^[119]
Isolated teeth of large-bodiediguanodontians are described from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) ofTunisia by Fantiet al. (2016).^[120]
Parallel trackways of medium-sized and robustornithopods similar toDraconyx orCumnoria, providing evidence of gregarious behavior, are described from theLate Jurassic ofSpain by Piñuelaet al. (2016).^[121]
Amandible ofTelmatosaurus transsylvanicus exhibitingameloblastoma is described from the Late CretaceousSînpetru Formation (Hațeg Basin,Romania) by Dumbravăet al. (2016).^[122]
A revision of the original diagnosis ofWillinakaqe salitralensis and of fossil material attributed to this species is published by Cruzado Caballero andCoria (2016), who argue that the fossils attributed toWillinakaqe salitralensis might represent more than a single taxon ofhadrosaurid and that all characters of the original diagnosis are invalid.^[123]
Largeornithopod (probablyhadrosaurid) tracks, assigned to theichnogenusHadrosauropodus, are described from theMaastrichtian-Danian Yacoraite Formation ofArgentina by Díaz-Martínez, de Valais & Cónsole-Gonella (2016).^[124]
A hadrosauridradius andulna affected by a severeseptic arthritis are described from the Late CretaceousNavesink Formation (New Jersey, USA) by Anné, Hedrick & Schein (2016).^[125]
A study on the development of thedental battery of the hadrosaurid dinosaurs through theirontogeny and on the evolution of the hadrosaurid dental battery is published by LeBlancet al. (2016).^[126]
Chondroid bone (a tissue intermediate betweenbone andcartilage) is reported in embryos and nestlings ofHypacrosaurus by Bailleulet al. (2016).^[127]
Restudies of the fossil material attributed toStegoceras novomexicanum are published by Williamson & Brusatte (2016)^[128] and Jasinski & Sullivan (2016).^[129]
A study on the skull anatomy ofYinlong downsi is published by Hanet al. (2016).^[130]
A study of the bristle-like appendages on the tail ofPsittacosaurus is published byMayret al. (2016).^[131]
A study on the color patterns of a well-preserved specimen ofPsittacosaurus sp. as indicated by the distribution of organic residues is published by Vintheret al. (2016).^[132]
A study on thedental microwear inLeptoceratops gracilis is published by Varriale (2016).^[133]
A study of the frill bones ofProtoceratops andrewsi, indicating that its frill increased in length and width during theontogeny of the animal and that the growth of the frill was greater than the overall growth of the animal, is published by Hone, Wood & Knell (2016), who interpret these findings as indicating thatProtoceratops most likely used its frill for sexual and social dominance signaling.^[134]
Partial skull of aceratopsid related toNasutoceratops titusi is described from theLate Cretaceous Oldman Formation (Alberta,Canada) by Ryanet al. (2016), who also name new ceratopsid tribesCentrosaurini andNasutoceratopsini.^[135]
A revision of the species assigned to the genusChasmosaurus is published by Campbellet al. (2016).^[136]
Forelimb studies showOryctodromeus was extremely adapted for an underground lifestyle (2016).^[137]
A group of paleontologists discovered the remains of the smallest specimen ofPachycephalosaurus to date. The specimen also casts doubt on the validity ofDracorex andStygimoloch (2016).^[138]^[139]
A study was done on the skulls ofMajungasaurus and revealed changes throughout the life cycle of this dinosaur (2016).^[140]
A study was conducted on the skeleton ofNasutoceratops, revealing that it andAvaceratops belonged to a completely new group of centrosaurines (2016).^[141]

New taxa

[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Agujaceratops mavericus^[142]	Sp. nov	Valid^[143]	Lehman, Wick & Barnes	Late Cretaceous	Aguja Formation	United States (Texas)	Achasmosaurine ceratopsian.
Alcovasaurus^[144]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Galton &Carpenter	Late Jurassic	Morrison Formation	United States (Wyoming)	Astegosaur; a new genus for"Stegosaurus" longispinus Gilmore (1914). This species was previously made the type species of the new genusNatronasaurus by Roman Ulansky (2014); however, Galton & Carpenter (2016) claim it did not meet the requirements of theInternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature.^[144]
Aoniraptor^[145]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mottaet al.	Late Cretaceous (middleCenomanian-earlyTuronian)	Huincul Formation	Argentina	A theropod dinosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a possible relative ofDeltadromeus. The type species isA. libertatem.
Apatoraptor^[146]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Funston & Currie	Late Cretaceous	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Canada (Alberta)	Acaenagnathid theropod. The type species isApatoraptor pennatus.
Austroposeidon^[147]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bandeiraet al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian)	Presidente Prudente Formation	Brazil	Atitanosaur sauropod. The type species isA. magnificus.
Beipiaognathus^[148]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hu, Wang & Huang	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	Acompsognathid theropod. The type species isB. jii.
Buriolestes^[60]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cabreiraet al.	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil	Abasal member ofSauropodomorpha. The type species isB. schultzi.
Datonglong^[149]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Xuet al.	Late Cretaceous	Huiquanpu Formation	China	A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid ornithopod. The type species isDatonglong tianzhenensis.
Dracoraptor^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martillet al.	Early Jurassic (Hettangian)	Blue Lias Formation	United Kingdom	Abasal member ofNeotheropoda. The type species isDracoraptor hanigani.
Eotrachodon^[151]^[152]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Prieto-Marquez, Erickson & Ebersole	Late Cretaceous (latestSantonian)	Mooreville Chalk	United States (Alabama)	Ahadrosaurid ornithopod. The type species isEotrachodon orientalis.
Foraminacephale^[153]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Schott & Evans	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)		Canada (Alberta)	A new genus for"Stegoceras" brevisLambe (1918).
Fukuivenator^[154]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Azumaet al.	Early Cretaceous (Barremian orAptian)	Kitadani Formation	Japan	A member ofManiraptora of uncertain phylogenetic placement, subsequently argued to be atherizinosaur.^[155] The type species isFukuivenator paradoxus.
Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae^[156]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kinneer,Carpenter & Shaw	Early Cretaceous	Cedar Mountain Formation	United States (Utah)
?Gryposaurus alsatei^[157]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lehman, Wick & Wagner	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Javelina Formation	United States (Texas)	Ahadrosaurid, possibly a species ofGryposaurus.
Gualicho^[158]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Apesteguíaet al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian toTuronian)	Huincul Formation	Argentina	Atheropod dinosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a possible relative ofDeltadromeus. The taxon informally referred to as "Nototyrannus" before its formal description. The type species isG. shinyae.
Lohuecotitan^[159]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Díazet al.	Late Cretaceous (lateCampanian-earlyMaastrichtian)		Spain	Atitanosaur sauropod. The type species isL. pandafilandi.
Machairoceratops^[160]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lundet al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Wahweap Formation	United States (Utah)	Acentrosaurine ceratopsian. The type species isMachairoceratops cronusi.
Magnamanus^[161]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fuentes Vidarteet al.	Early Cretaceous (lateHauterivian or earlyBarremian)	Golmayo Formation	Spain	Abasal member ofStyracosterna. The type species isM. soriaensis.
Meroktenos^[162]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Peyre de Fabrègues & Allain	Late Triassic	LowerElliot Formation	Lesotho	A non-sauropod sauropodomorph. The type species is"Melanorosaurus" thabanensis Gauffre (1993).
Morrosaurus^[163]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Rozadillaet al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	López de Bertodano Formation	Antarctica	Aniguanodontian ornithopod. The type species isMorrosaurus antarcticus.
Murusraptor^[164]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Coria & Currie	Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)	Sierra Barrosa Formation	Argentina	Atheropod belonging to the groupMegaraptora. The type species isM. barrosaensis.
Notocolossus^[165]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	González Rigaet al.	Late Cretaceous (late Coniacian–early Santonian)	Plottier Formation	Argentina	Atitanosaur sauropod. The type species isNotocolossus gonzalezparejasi.
Rativates^[166]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	McFeeterset al.	Late Cretaceous (lateCampanian)	Dinosaur Park Formation	Canada (Alberta)	Anornithomimid theropod. The type species isR. evadens.
Sarmientosaurus^[167]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martínezet al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian)	Bajo Barreal Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur sauropod, abasal member ofLithostrotia. The type species isSarmientosaurus musacchioi.
Savannasaurus^[168]	Gen. et sp. nov		Poropatet al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-earlyTuronian)	Winton Formation	Australia	Atitanosaur sauropod. The type species isS. elliottorum.
Spiclypeus^[169]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mallonet al.	Late Cretaceous (lateCampanian)	Judith River Formation	United States (Montana)	Achasmosaurine ceratopsian. The type species isSpiclypeus shipporum.
Taurovenator^[145]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mottaet al.	Late Cretaceous (middleCenomanian-earlyTuronian)	Huincul Formation	Argentina	Acarcharodontosaurid theropod. The type species isT. violantei.
Timurlengia^[170]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Brusatteet al.	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)	Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	A non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroid. The type species isTimurlengia euotica.
Tongtianlong^[171]	Gen. et sp. nov		Lüet al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Nanxiong Formation	China	Anoviraptorid theropod. The type species isT. limosus.
Tototlmimus^[172]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Serrano-Brañaset al.	Late Cretaceous	Packard Shale Formation	Mexico	Anornithomimid theropod. The type species isTototlmimus packardensis.
Viavenator^[173]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Filippiet al.	Late Cretaceous (Santonian)	Bajo de la Carpa Formation	Argentina	Abrachyrostran abelisaurid theropod. The type species isViavenator exxoni.
Wiehenvenator^[174]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Rauhut, Hübner & Lanser	Middle Jurassic (Callovian)	Ornatenton Formation	Germany	Amegalosaurid theropod. The type species isW. albati.

Birds

[edit]

Research

[edit]

A study on the rates of morphological evolution in Early Cretaceous birds is published by Wang and Lloyd (2016).^[175]
A study on the microbodies associated with feathers of a new specimen ofEoconfuciusornis from theEarly Cretaceous Huajiying Formation (China) and on the matrix in which the microbodies were embedded is published by Panet al. (2016), who interpret the microbodies asmelanosomes.^[176]
Remains of non-plumage soft tissues, including scales, toe pads, skin and muscle, are identified in two specimens ofConfuciusornis by Falket al. (2016).^[177]
A skeleton of anenantiornithine bird preserving a gastricpellet that includes fish bones is described from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China by Wang, Zhou & Sullivan (2016).^[178]
Two partial wings with vestiges of soft tissues, probably belonging to precocial hatchlings of enantiornithine birds, are described from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)Burmese amber by Xinget al. (2016).^[179]
A revised diagnosis ofCerebavis cenomanica, a study on the braincase anatomy of the species and a study on its phylogenetic relationships is published by Walsh, Milner & Bourdon (2016).^[180]
A study on the shape, growth, attachment, implantation, replacement, and tissue microstructures of the teeth ofHesperornis andIchthyornis is published by Dumontet al. (2016).^[181]
A phylogenetic analysis ofHesperornithiformes is published by Bell &Chiappe (2016).^[182]
A specimen ofHesperornis with a healed wound is described from the Late CretaceousPierre Shale (South Dakota, United States) byMartin, Rothschild & Burnham (2016), who interpret the wound as caused by an unsuccessful attack of apolycotylid plesiosaur.^[183]
Pelvic elements ofGargantuavis philoinos, providing new information about the pelvicmorphology of the species, are described from the Late Cretaceous (lateCampanian/earlyMaastrichtian) of southernFrance by Buffetaut & Angst (2016).^[184]
A specimen ofVegavis iaai with a fossilizedsyrinx is described from theLate Cretaceous ofAntarctica by Clarkeet al. (2016).^[185]
A study on the feeding mechanics and behaviour of fivemoa species is published by Attardet al. (2016).^[186]
Mariana B.J. Picasso & María Clelia Mosto, 2016:Hinasuri nehuensis Tambussi was a robust, extinct rheid bird from the early Pliocene of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This paper revisits the femoral morphology ofH. nehuensis and provides an updated osteological description together with new insights into its palaeobiology.^[187]
Restudies of thePleistocene speciesRhea pampeana andRhea anchorenensis are published by Picasso (2016) and Picasso and Mosto (2016), respectively, who consider these species to be junior synonyms of the extantgreater rhea (Rhea americana).^[188]^[189]
Demarchiet al. (2016) report the recovery of mineral-bound protein sequences from ostrich eggshells from the paleontological sites ofLaetoli andOlduvai Gorge (Tanzania).^[190]
Worthyet al. (2016) argue thatSylviornis neocaledoniae is astem-galliform related toMegavitiornis altirostris and both are placed in theSylviornithidae Mourer-Chauviré et Balouet, 2005.^[191]
A revision of the systematics of the early Eocene North American members ofGeranoididae is published by Mayr (2016), who argues that geranoidids might bestem group representatives of theGruoidea (the clade includingtrumpeters,cranes and related birds).^[192]
Zelenkov, Boev & Lazaridis (2016) reinterpretOtis hellenica from theMiocene ofGreece, originally thought to be abustard, as a member ofGruiformes belonging to the familyEogruidae and the subfamilyErgilornithinae; the authors classify it as a possible member of the genusAmphipelargus of uncertain specific assignment ("?Amphipelargus sp.").^[193]
A restudy of the holotype specimen ofBathornis grallator and a study on the taxonomic composition and phylogenetic affinities ofbathornithids is published by Mayr (2016).^[194]
Zelenkov, Volkova and Gorobets (2016) describebuttonquail fossils from the late Miocene ofHungary, southernUkraine and northernKazakhstan, and transfer the speciesCalidris janossyi Kessler (2009) to the genusOrtyxelos.^[195]
Gerald Mayr and Zbigniew M. Bochenski,(2016) describe a disarticulated postcranial skeleton of a Ralloidea from the Early Oligocene (Rupelian) Jamna Dolna Site 2 in Poland as Gen. et Sp. indet.^[196]
Agnolin, Tomassini and Contreras (2016) describe a distal end oftarsometatarsus from the late Miocene levels of theLoma de Las Tapias Formation (San Juan Province,Argentina), identified as the oldestseedsnipe fossil discovered so far.^[197]
Body mass estimates for 25 extinctpan-alcids and a study of body mass evolution in Pan-Alcidae are published by Smith (2016).^[198]
The earliest knowncranial endocast of astem-penguin (a member of the genusWaimanu) is described from the Paleocene Waipara Greensand (New Zealand) by Proffitt, Clarke & Scofield (2016).^[199]
Thomas & Ksepka (2016) classify aWhaingaroan penguin from theGlen Massey Formation (North Island, New Zealand), first described in 1973, as a member of the genusKairuku of uncertain specific assignment, extending the geographic range of the genus.^[200]
Parket al., 2016 The description of recently collected penguin fossils from the re-dated upper Miocene Port Campbell Limestone of Portland (Victoria), in addition to reanalysis of previously described material, has allowed the Cenozoic history of penguins in Australia to be placed into a global context for the first time. Australian pre-Quaternary fossil penguins represent stem taxa phylogenetically disparate from each other andEudyptula minor, implying multiple dispersals and extinctions.^[201]
Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche, Leandro M. Pérez, Sergio Marenssi, Marcelo Reguero (2016). The purpose of this paper is to provide a taphonomic analysis of the holotype ofCrossvallia unienwillia, in order to improve the knowledge of the vertebrate record of the Cross Valley Formation, a unit exposed in the central area of Marambio (Seymour) Island, Antarctic Peninsula.^[202]
A new skeleton of the Eocene penguinPalaeeudyptes klekowskii is described from theSubmeseta Formation (Seymour Island,Antarctica) by Acosta Hospitaleche (2016).^[203]
Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche & Eduardo Olivero, 2016: Eocene penguins are known mostly from Antarctic specimens. A previously documented partial skeleton consisting of a pelvis, femur, tibiotarsus and fibula, from the middle Eocene Leticia Formation, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina, has been prepared and re-described. Re-analysis favours assignment toPalaeeudyptes gunnari, a species widely recorded in the Eocene of Antarctica.^[204]
Fossils of astork and aheron belonging or related to the tribeNycticoracini are described from thePliocene ofMyanmar by Stidhamet al. (2016).^[205]
A restudy of the fossils attributed to the speciesLiornis floweri andCallornis giganteus from theMiocene Santa Cruz Formation (Patagonia,Argentina) is published by Buffetaut (2016), who considersL. floweri to be ajunior synonym ofBrontornis burmeisteri and considersC. giganteus to be achimera based on aphorusrhacid tarsometatarsus and abrontornithid tibiotarsus.^[206]
A study of eggshell fragments from the Pleistocene of Australia putatively referred toGenyornis newtoni is published by Grellet-Tinner, Spooner &Worthy (2016), who argue that these fossils are more likely to be remains of eggs laid bymegapodes. Based on the similarities in the structure of eggshells of megapodes anddromornithids, the authors also hypothesize that dromornithids might be asister group togalliforms rather than to or withinanseriforms.^[207]
A study of burnt putativeGenyornis eggshell fragments from the Pleistocene of Australia is published by Milleret al. (2016), who interpret them as confirming that eggs ofGenyornis newtoni were harvested by humans.^[208]
A study on the possible presence, form, and extent of sexual dimorphism inDromornis stirtoni is published by Handleyet al. (2016).^[209]
Gastornithid andpresbyornithid fossils are described from the early Eocene ofEllesmere Island (Canada) by Stidham & Eberle (2016).^[210]
The genusWilaru, initially considered to be of astone-curlew, is reinterpreted as a member ofPresbyornithidae by De Pietriet al. (2016); the authors also reassess the Cretaceous speciesTeviornis gobiensis and confirm it as a member of Presbyornithidae.^[211]
A revision ofanseriform birds known from the lateMiocene localities in centralHungary is published by Zelenkov (2016), who transfers the speciesAnas denesi Kessler (2013) to the genusAythya and classifies the speciesAnas albae Janossy (1979) as a member of tribeMergini of uncertain generic assignment.^[212]
A revision ofgalliform birds known from the late Miocene localities in central Hungary is published by Zelenkov (2016), who transfers the subspeciesPavo aesculapi phasianoides Janossy (1991) to the genusSyrmaticus and raises it to the rank of a separate speciesSyrmaticus phasianoides.^[213]
New fossil remains of the EocenecuckooChambicuculus pusillus are described fromTunisia by Mourer-Chauviréet al. (2016).^[214]
Virtual cranialendocast of thedodo is described by Gold, Bourdon &Norell (2016).^[215]
Anungual phalanx of a large member ofAccipitridae belonging to an unknown genus and species is described from theMiocene ofPanama by Steadman & MacFadden (2016).^[216]
Partialtarsometatarsus of a small parrot is described from the Early MioceneKhalagay Formation (Baikal region, Russia) by Zelenkov (2016).^[217]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and extinctNew Zealand wrens, as indicated by data from novel mitochondrial genome sequences, is published by Mitchellet al. (2016).^[218]
Fossil avian feet from the Early Eocene of Messel, Germany are described by Gerald Mayr^[219]
A new tracksite with bird footprints (attributed to the ichnospeciesUvaichnites riojana), preserved in the early MioceneLerín Formation (Bardenas Reales de Navarra Natural Park,Navarre,Spain), is described by Díaz-Martínezet al. (2016).^[220]
A new ichnospecies,Koreananornis lii, from the Lower Cretaceous avian track locality in the Guanshan area, Yongjing County, Gansu Province, northwest China, is described by Xing, Buckley, Lockley, Zhang, Marty, Wang, Li, McCrea et Peng, 2016. (2016).^[221]
An avian egg from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Liangtoutang Formation is described by Lawveret al. (2016) and namedPachycorioolithus jinyunensis oogen. et oosp. nov. within Pachycorioolithidae oofam. nov.^[222]
Threepellets with bird remains are described from theEocene Messel pit (Germany) byMayr & Schaal (2016), who interpret two of the pellets as probably produced by snakes or othersquamates, and one as probable owl pellet (which, if confirmed, would make it the oldest owl pellet identified so far), possibly produced by the owlPalaeoglaux artophoron.^[223]

New taxa

[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Antarctoboenus^[224]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Cenizo, Noriega & Reguero	Early Eocene	La Meseta Formation	Antarctica (Seymour Island)	Astem-falconid. The type species isA. carlinii.
Bellulornis^[225]^[226]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Wang, Zhou & Zhou	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	Abasal member ofOrnithuromorpha. The type species isB. rectusunguis. The original generic name wasBellulia, which turned out to be preoccupied byBellulia Fibiger (2008).
Calciavis^[227]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Nesbitt & Clarke	Early Eocene	Green River Formation	United States (Wyoming)	A member ofLithornithidae. The type species isC. grandei.
Centropus bairdi^[228]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Shute, Prideaux & Worthy	Pleistocene		Australia	A member of theCuculidae.
Centropus maximus^[228]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Shute, Prideaux & Worthy	Pleistocene		Australia	A member of theCuculidae.
Changzuiornis^[229]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Huanget al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Jiufotang Formation	China	An early member ofEuornithes. The type species isC. ahgmi.
Chiappeavis^[230]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	O'Connoret al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member ofEnantiornithes, probably belonging to the familyPengornithidae. The type species isC. magnapremaxillo.
Chionoides^[231]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	De Pietriet al.	Late Oligocene		Australia	A member ofChionoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement, showing the mosaic of characters shared with bothsheathbills and theMagellanic plover. The type species isC. australiensis.
Chongmingia^[232]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Wanget al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member ofAvialae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species isC. zhengi.
Cypseloramphus^[233]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr	Early Eocene	Messel pit	Germany	Possibly abasal member ofApodiformes. The type species isC. dimidius.
Daphoenositta trevorworthyi^[234]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Nguyen	Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	Asittella
Dingavis^[235]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid^[236]	O'Connor, Wang & Hu	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	Abasal member ofOrnithuromorpha. The type species isD. longimaxilla.
Dromornis murrayi^[237]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Worthyet al.	Late Oligocene–Early Miocene	Riversleigh	Australia	A member ofDromornithidae
Eostrix gulottai^[238]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr	Early Eocene	Nanjemoy Formation	United States (Virginia)	An earlyowl. Originally described as a species ofEostrix, but subsequently transferred to the genusYpresiglaux.^[239]
Eurobambusicola^[213]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Zelenkov	Late Miocene		Hungary	A member of the familyPhasianidae. The type species isE. turolicus.
Galligeranoides^[240]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Bourdon,Mourer-Chauviré, &Laurent	middleYpresian		France	A bird of uncertain phylogenetic placement, might be a member of the familyGeranoididae^[240] or a member ofPalaeognathae related toPalaeotis.^[241] The type species isG. boriensis.
Gallinago kakuki^[242]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Steadman & Takano	Late Quaternary		The Bahamas Cayman Islands Cuba	A member ofScolopacidae, a species ofGallinago.
Hesperornis lumgairi^[243]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Aotsuka & Sato	Campanian	Pierre Shale	Canada	A species ofHesperornis.
Klallamornis^[244]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr & Goedert	Latest Eocene or Early Oligocene		United States (Washington)	APlotopteridae. Type species isK. abyssa. Mayr & Goedert (2025) subsequently consideredK. abyssa to be ajunior synonym of"Tonsala" buchanani Dyke, Wang & Habib (2011), but maintainedKlallamornis as a distinct genus, resulting in a new combinationKlallamornis buchanani.^[245]
?Klallamornis clarki^[244]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr & Goedert	Latest Eocene or Early Oligocene		United States (Washington)	A member ofPlotopteridae. possibly a species ofKlallamornis.
Lapillavis^[233]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr	Early Eocene	Messel pit	Germany	A bird of uncertain phylogenetic placement, showing similarities toFoshanornis songi. The type species isL. incubarens.
Linyiornis^[246]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Wanget al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member ofEnantiornithes. The type species isL. amoena.
Mioneophron^[247]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Liet al.	Late Miocene	Liushu Formation	China	A member ofGypaetinae Vieillot (1816). The type species isM. longirostris.
Mioryaba^[213]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Zelenkov	Late Miocene		Hungary	A member of the familyPhasianidae. The type species isM. magyarica.
Monoenantiornis^[248]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid^[249]	Hu & O'Connor	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A member ofEnantiornithes. The type species isM. sihedangia.
Neilus^[231]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	De Pietriet al.	Early Miocene		New Zealand	A member ofChionoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement, showing the mosaic of characters shared with bothsheathbills and theMagellanic plover. The type species isN. sansomae.
Notoleptos^[250]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Acosta Hospitaleche & Gelfo	Late Eocene		Antarctica (Seymour Island)	A probable relative ofalbatrosses. The type species isN. giglii.
Olympidytes^[244]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr & Goedert	Latest Eocene or Early Oligocene		United States (Washington)	A member ofPlotopteridae. The type species isO. thieli.
Phalcoboenus napieri^[251]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Adams & Woods	Holocene		Falkland Islands	A member ofPhalcoboenus.
Primozygodactylus longibrachium^[252]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr	EarlyEocene	Messel pit	Germany	A member ofZygodactylidae.
Primozygodactylus quintus^[252]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr	EarlyEocene	Messel pit	Germany	A member ofZygodactylidae.
Protomelanitta bakeri^[253]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Stidham & Zelenkov	Miocene	Esmeralda Formation	United States (Nevada)	A primitivediving duck.
Pseudoseisuropsis wintu^[254]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Stefanini, Gómez & Tambussi	Early Pleistocene	Miramar Formation	Argentina	Anovenbird
Rallus nanus^[255]	Nom. nov.	Valid	Alcoveret al.	Holocene		Azores	A member ofRallidae, a species ofRallus; a replacement name forRallus minutus Alcoveret al. (2015) (preoccupied).
Septencoracias^[256]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Bourdon, Kristoffersen & Bonde	Eocene (Ypresian)	Fur Formation	Denmark	A member ofCoracii belonging to the familyPrimobucconidae. The type species isS. morsensis.
Tingmiatornis^[257]	Gen. et sp. nov.		Bonoet al.	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)		Canada (Nunavut)	A member ofOrnithurae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species isT. arctica.
Uria onoi^[258]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Watanabeet al.	Late Pleistocene		Japan	A member ofAlcidae
Wilaru prideauxi^[211]	Sp. nov.	Valid	De Pietriet al.	Early Miocene	Etadunna Formation Wipajiri Formation	Australia	A species ofWilaru. Announced in 2016; the correction including the requiredZooBank accession number was published in 2020.^[259]

Pterosaurs

[edit]

Research

[edit]

A newwukongopterid specimen is described from the Late Jurassic Daohugou Bed or Tiaojishan Formation (China) by Chenget al. (2016).^[260]
Description of a new specimen ofGladocephaloideus jingangshanensis and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Lü, Kundrát & Shen (2016).^[261]
New information on the braincase anatomy ofPterodaustro guinazui is published by Codorniú, Paulina-Carabajal & Gianechini (2016).^[262]
A smallazhdarchoid, possibly anazhdarchid, is described from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian)Northumberland Formation (British Columbia,Canada) by Martin-Silverstoneet al. (2016).^[263]
Kellneret al. (2016) redescribe the first pterosaur remains from Japan, referring it to apteranodontid-like pterosaur and indicating that it is the largest pterosaur recorded from Asia so far.^[264]

New taxa

[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Allkaruen^[265]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Codorniúet al.	Early-Middle Jurassic	Cañadón Asfalto Formation	Argentina	A non-pterodactyloid member ofBreviquartossa. The type species isA. koi.
Aymberedactylus^[266]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pêgas, Leal & Kellner	Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian)	Crato Formation	Brazil	A member ofTapejarinae. The type species isA. cearensis.
Forfexopterus^[267]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Jianget al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member ofArchaeopterodactyloidea. The type species isF. jeholensis.
Huaxiapterus atavismus^[268]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lüet al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member ofSinopterinae. Later considered as a synonym ofSinopterus dongi.^[269]
Pangupterus^[270]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lüet al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A toothed member ofPterodactyloidea. The type species isP. liui.
Sinopterus lingyuanensis^[268]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lüet al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member ofSinopterinae. Later considered as a synonym ofSinopterus dongi.^[269]