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The2015 Zabadani ceasefire agreement betweenSyrian opposition forces andSyrian Ba'athist government forces was achieved during theSyrian civil war on 24 September 2015, with mediation from theUnited Nations, following thebattle of Zabadani. The agreement was fulfilled in April 2017.[1]
On 24 September 2015, more than 2 months after thebattle of Zabadani began, the UN announced that an agreement between the warring parties had finally been reached after repeated mediation efforts. Per the agreement, the remaining entrenched rebels are to withdraw from the government-besieged Zabadani and control of the town to the Syrian government while surrendering all weapons, save for lighthandguns, and withdrawing to theIdlib Governorate. Conversely, civilians (approximately 10,000 people) still remaining inside therebel-besieged Shia villages of Fu'ah and Kefriya are to be evacuated. Control of the villages would not be surrendered to the rebels; however, as approximately 4,000 pro-government troops would remain in the villages. The plan was expected to take 6 months to be fully implemented, during which time extended ceasefires are expected to be upheld in each respective area. Evacuation of wounded from both sides was expected to begin as early as 25 September 2015. An additional stipulation denotes the release of 500 rebel captives from Syrian government-held prisons. The agreement would be overseen by the United Nations office in Damascus.[2][3][4]
On 26 September 2015, the first bus transport evacuating the rebel combatants to Idlib began leaving al-Zabadani.[5]
After the implementation of the ceasefire, the besiegingHezbollah and theSyrian Army troops redirected their attention towards the remaining parts of theQalamoun Mountains still under rebel control, namely a smaller area in the Jaroud Rankous, located in southern Qalamoun, and larger area located in Jaroud Qarah, in northern Qalamoun. The Hezbollah also set itself out to recapture the Lebanese border-district ofArsal, from where theal-Nusra Front andISIL have been receiving much of its reinforcement into the Qalamoun Mountains.[6] However, on 10 October, the truce was jeopardized by rebel groups, claiming the truce had been made "irrelevant" following theRussian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War.[7]
On 28 December, 120 rebels and civilians from Zabadani were transported toLebanon in return for the evacuation of 300 pro-government troops and civilians from Fuah and Kefraya toTurkey. According to the ceasefire agreement, those from Zabadani will proceed to Turkey through Lebanon while those from Fuah and Kefraya will arrive in government-held Syria through Lebanon and Turkey.[8]
A year later on 25 September 2016, 52 aid trucks went to Zabadani and Madaya and 19 arrived in Fuah and Kefraya.[9] A week before on 18 September, Hezbollah and the Syrian Army destroyed a rebelsmuggling tunnel near Zabadani containing rockets, mortarshells, and other weapons andammunition.[10]
On 23 November 2016, government forces launched mortar shells and sniper fire into Zabadani and Madaya, which killed 2 civilians.[11]
On February 21, 2017, Rebel forces evacuated from the town ofSerghaya.[12]
On 28 March 2017, an agreement was brokered byQatar andIran for the evacuation of those living in Fu'ah and Kafriya in exchange for the evacuation of residents and rebels in Zabadani and Madaya.[13] The agreement came under effect beginning on 12 April and buses and ambulances arrived in the four towns with the assistance of theSyrian Arab Red Crescent to begin the evacuations.[14] On 14 April, 60 buses transported 2,350 people, including 400 rebels, from Madaya and Zabadani to Idlib.[15] After being suspended for several days followinga suicide bombing of buses carrying refugees, the first phase of the evacuations was completed on 19 April, with further transports planned for June.[16] A total of 30,000 people are to be relocated by the end of the operation.[16]
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