• Algeria
  • President –Abdelaziz Bouteflika,President of Algeria (1999–2019)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ahmed Ouyahia,Prime Minister of Algeria (2004–2006)
    2. Abdelaziz Belkhadem,Prime Minister of Algeria (2006–2008)

• Angola
  • President –José Eduardo dos Santos,President of Angola (1979–2017)
  • Prime Minister –Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos,Prime Minister of Angola (2002–2008)

• Benin
  • President –
    1. Mathieu Kérékou,President of Benin (1996–2006)
    2. Thomas Boni Yayi,President of Benin (2006–2016)

• Botswana
  • President –Festus Mogae,President of Botswana (1998–2008)

• Burundi
  • President –Pierre Nkurunziza,President of Burundi (2005–2020)

• Cameroon
  • President –Paul Biya,President of Cameroon (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni,Prime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009)

• Cape Verde
  • President –Pedro Pires,President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
  • Prime Minister –José Maria Neves,Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)

• Central African Republic
  • President –François Bozizé,President of Central African Republic (2003–2013)
  • Prime Minister –Élie Doté,Prime Minister of Central African Republic (2005–2008)

• Chad
  • President –Idriss Déby,President of Chad (1990–2021)
  • Prime Minister –Pascal Yoadimnadji,Prime Minister of Chad (2005–2007)

• Comoros
  • President –
    1. Azali Assoumani,President of Comoros (2002–2006)
    2. Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi,President of Comoros (2006–2011)

• Republic of the Congo
  • President –Denis Sassou Nguesso,President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
  • Prime Minister –Isidore Mvouba,Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (2005–2009)

• Côte d'Ivoire
  • President –Laurent Gbagbo,President of Côte d'Ivoire (2000–2011)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Seydou Diarra,Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (2003–2005)
    2. Charles Konan Banny,Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (2005–2007)

• Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • President –Joseph Kabila,President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
  • Prime Minister –Antoine Gizenga,Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2006–2008)

• Djibouti
  • President –Ismaïl Omar Guelleh,President of Djibouti (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister –Dileita Mohamed Dileita,Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)

• Egypt
  • President –Hosni Mubarak,President of Egypt (1981–2011)
  • Prime Minister –Ahmed Nazif,Prime Minister of Egypt (2004–2011)

• Equatorial Guinea
  • President –Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo,President of Equatorial Guinea (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó,Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006)
    2. Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea,Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2006–2008)

• Eritrea
  • President –Isaias Afwerki,President of Eritrea (1993–present)

• Ethiopia
  • President –Girma Wolde-Giorgis,President of Ethiopia (2001-2013)
  • Prime Minister –Meles Zenawi,Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995-2012)

• Gabon
  • President –Omar Bongo,President of Gabon (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane,Prime Minister of Gabon (1999-2006)
    2. Jean Eyeghé Ndong,Prime Minister of Gabon (2006-2009)

• Gambia
  • President –Yahya Jammeh,President of Gambia (1996-2017)

• Ghana
  • President –John Kufuor,President of Ghana (2001-2009)

• Guinea
  • President –Lansana Conté,President of Guinea (1984-2008)

• Guinea-Bissau
  • President –João Bernardo Vieira,President of Guinea-Bissau (2005–2009)
  • Prime Minister –Aristides Gomes,Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2005–2007)

• Kenya
  • President –Mwai Kibaki,President of Kenya (2002–2013)

• Lesotho
  • Monarch –Letsie III,Monarch of Lesotho (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister –Pakalitha Mosisili,Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)

• Liberia
  • President –
    1. Gyude Bryant,Chairman of the Transitional Government (2003–2006)
    2. Ellen Sirleaf Johnson,President of Liberia (2006–2018)

• Libya
  • President –Muhammad az-Zanati,Chairman of thePresidential Council (1992–2008)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Shukri Ghanem,Prime Minister of Libya (2003–2006)
    2. Baghdadi Mahmudi,Prime Minister of Libya (2006–2011)

• Malawi
  • President –Bingu wa Mutharika,President of Malawi (2004–2012)

• Mali
  • President –Amadou Toumani Touré,President of Mali (2002–2012)
  • Prime Minister –Ousmane Issoufi Maïga,Prime Minister of Mali (2004–2007)

• Mauritania
  • President –Ely Ould Mohamed Vall,President of Mauritania (2005–2007)
  • Prime Minister –Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar,Prime Minister of Mauritania (2005–2007)

• Mauritius
  • President –Sir Anerood Jugnauth,President of Mauritius (2003–2012)
  • Prime Minister –Dr. Navin Ramgoolam,Prime Minister of Mauritius (2005–2014)

• Morocco
  • King –Mohammed VI,King of Morocco (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister –Driss Jettou,Prime Minister of Morocco (2002–2007)

• Mozambique
  • President –Armando Guebuza,President of Mozambique (2005–2015)
  • Prime Minister –Luísa Diogo,Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010)

• Namibia
  • President –Hifikepunye Pohamba,President of Namibia (2005–2015)
  • Prime Minister –Nahas Angula,Prime Minister of Namibia (2005-2012)

• Niger
  • President –Mamadou Tandja,President of Niger (1999–2010)
  • Prime Minister –Hama Amadou,Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)

• Nigeria
  • President –Olusegun Obasanjo,President of Nigeria (1999-2007)

• Rwanda
  • President –Paul Kagame,President of Rwanda (2000–2007)
  • Prime Minister –Bernard Makuza,Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)

• Sao Tome and Principe
  • President –Fradique de Menezes,President of Sao Tome and Principe (2003–2011)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Maria do Carmo Silveira,Prime Minister of Sao Tome and Principe (2005–2006)
    2. Tomé Vera Cruz,Prime Minister of Sao Tome and Principe (2006–2008)

• Senegal
  • President –Abdoulaye Wade,President of Senegal (2000–2012)
  • Prime Minister –Macky Sall,Prime Minister of Senegal (2004–2007)

• Seychelles
  • President –James Michel,President of Seychelles (2004–2016)

• Sierra Leone
  • President –Ahmad Tejan Kabbah,President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)

• Somalia
  • President –Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed,President of Somalia (2004–2008)
  • Prime Minister –Ali Mohammed Ghedi,Prime Minister of Somalia (2004–2007)

• South Africa
  • President –Thabo Mbeki,President of South Africa (1999–2008)

• Sudan
  • President –Omar al-Bashir,President of Sudan (1989–2019)

• Tanzania
  • President –Jakaya Kikwete,President of Tanzania (2005–2015)
  • Prime Minister –Edward Lowassa,Prime Minister of Tanzania (2005–2008)

• Togo
  • President –Faure Gnassingbé,President of Togo (2005–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Edem Kodjo,Prime Minister of Togo (2005–2006)
    2. Yawovi Agboyibo,Prime Minister of Togo (2006–2007)

• Tunisia
  • President –Zine El Abidine Ben Ali,President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
  • Prime Minister –Mohamed Ghannouchi,Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)

• Uganda
  • President –Yoweri Museveni,President of Uganda (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister –Apolo Nsibambi,Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)

• Zambia
  • President –Levy Mwanawasa,President of Zambia (2002–2008)

• Zimbabwe
  • President –Robert Mugabe,President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)

• The AU met inKhartoum on January 23 and January 24, 2006. It decided against theextradition of formerChadian presidentHissène Habré toBelgium and announced the formation of a commission to find an Africanjudiciary totry him.Denis Sassou Nguesso,President of theRepublic of the Congo, became theChairperson of the African Union's Assembly of Heads of State. The chair was originally supposed to return toSudan, but at the request of several AU members,President ofSudanOmar al-Bashir decided to relinquish his position in view of the AU's participation in the resolution of theDarfur conflict. Members agreed that his chairmanship would affect the credibility of the AU.

• The Ordinary Summit of ECOWAS was held inNiamey on 13 January 2006 with the Heads of State ofNiger (Tandja Mamadou),Mali (Amadou Toumani Touré),Togo (Faure Gnassingbé),Guinea-Bissau (Joao Bernardo Vieira) andNigeria (Olusegun Obasanjo). The 10 other member countries were represented by their Foreign Ministers. The ECOWAS asked the G8 to extend the cancellation of debt to the whole of the Member States of the organization. It re-elected its chairTandja Mamadou and decided to transform the secretariat into a commission with a President, a vice-president and 7 Commissioners. ECOWAS is pleased with the nomination by consensus of a Prime Minister and the composition of a government of national unity inCôte d’Ivoire, as well as the presidential elections being held inLiberia and inGuinea-Bissau. On the economic level, the Heads of State expressed their support for a plan to create a regionalairline company "to overcome the difficulties in air transport" in the subregion.
• During the summit inAbuja on 14 June 2006, the Heads of States of ECOWAS approved a modification of the organization's hierarchy. Thesecretariat is to be replaced by a commission of the ninepolice chiefs of the member states. The 4-year term of the police chiefs fromBurkina Faso,Côte d’Ivoire,Ghana,Mali,Niger,Nigeria,Senegal,Sierra Leone andTogo will begin in January 2007. Ghana will head the commission, while Burkina Faso will take the vice-presidency. ECOWAS also adopted a convention which aims "to prohibit the sale of light weapons within the community and between member states, except for the legitimate defense needs of these states or for their participation in peacekeeping operations".
• The joint summit of ECOWAS and UEMOA planned for December 22 and December 23, 2006, was cancelled following confrontations between soldiers and police officers inOuagadougou on December 20.

• The 7th Summit of CEMAC was held inLibreville (Gabon) on March 16, 2006. Theheads of state of the organization decided to form a strategic international committee to discuss and plan the proposed restructuring of the CEMAC's institutions. They were also concerned with the renewed spread ofavian influenza brought up byCameroon and gave its support toChadianpresidentIdriss Déby Itno in his opposition of Sudanese actions. Idriss Déby holds the chair of CEMAC.

• The 10th Ordinary Summit of the heads of state and government of the UEMOA took place on March 27, 2006, inNiamey with presidentsTandja Mamadou (Niger),Mathieu Kérékou (Benin),Blaise Compaoré (Burkina Faso),Amadou Toumani Touré (Mali),Abdoulaye Wade (Senegal),Faure Gnassingbé (Togo) and prime ministersCharles Konan Banny (Côte d'Ivoire) andAristide Gomé (Guinea-Bissau). The heads of state could not agree on whether to allow Charles Konan Banny (the appointed Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire) andYayi Boni (the newly elected President of Benin) to ascend to the presidencies of theCentral Bank of West Africa andDevelopment Bank of West Africa respectively. They instead decided to lengthen the terms of the current temporary presidents,Damo Justin Barro (Burkina Faso) of the Central Bank andIssa Coulibaly (Mali) of the Development Bank until the next summit.
• The joint summit of ECOWAS and UEMOA planned for December 22 and December 23, 2006, was cancelled following confrontations between soldiers and police officers inOuagadougou on December 20.

• The 6thWorld Social Forum (WSF), analter-globalization movement, took place inBamako from January 19 to January 23, 2006. The debt problem was at the heart of the agenda for the meeting. ForBarry Aminata Touré, president of theCoalition of African Alternatives to Debt and Development, "the simple cancellation of debt ofThird World nations is finally putting poor countries on the developing track".Agriculture, and in particulargenetically modified organisms, access towater, andimmigration were some of the other topics brought up by participants. According toDiadié Yacouba Dagnoko, former Minister for Culture and one of the coordinators of the WSF, the forum, which accommodated between 15,000 and 20,000 participants, cost 700 millionCFA francs. Falling under the framework for this WSF, theCollectif citoyen pour la restitution et le développement intégré du rail (Cocidirail) requested for the renationalisation of the rail network, and for the reopening of shut down stations. It promised to beat incumbentpresident of MaliAmadou Toumani Touré if he recontested in the 2007 elections to protest against his falseelection promises.
• The 5thForum des peuples, an annualalter-globalization demonstration, was held inGao from July 14 to July 17, 2006. The majority of the participants came from Africa but representatives from Europe and North America were also present. In afinal declaration, the participants pledged "the removal of theInternational Monetary Fund andWorld Bank Group and the setting up of new institutions controlleddemocratically by the various nations and their citizens with real and sustained development", the stop ofprivatization andnationalization of strategic companies and the total and unconditional cancellation of debt ofThird World countries. The participants also rejected "the policy of repressive and selective immigration" and demanded a quick resolution to the conflicts inDarfur,Côte d'Ivoire and theMiddle East.
• The 2nd summit of theInternational Conference on the Great Lakes Region (IC/GLR) took place inNairobi on December 14 and December 15, 2006. Representatives from 11 states in theGreat Lakes Region, including heads of state, government officials and delegates from theAfrican Union andUnited Nations met to sign a security pact to protect regional stability and development, which envisages a development plan costingUS$ 2 billion, to be financed by member states, investors and theAfrican Development Bank.
• In July, thePan-African Non-Petroleum Producers Association members sign a treaty.

• Benin (politics,elections):

In theBeninese presidential election, 2006, held on March 5, the outgoingpresidentMathieu Kérékou was barred from entering due to the age limit. However, he still actively criticised the organization of the election after the first round, and along with several other political parties (such as the oppositionBenin Rebirth Party), openly suggestedelectoral fraud. International observers, some fromECOWAS, concluded that the poll had taken place under satisfactory conditions andtransparency. According to results validated by the constitutional court,Yayi Boni took the lead in the first round with 35.60% of the vote, in front ofAdrien Houngbédji with 24.23%. In the second round, Boni won the presidency with a majority of 74.29% against Houndbédji.

• Burkina Faso (politics,elections):

In theBurkinabe municipal election, 2006, held on April 23, most of the vote went to incumbentpresidentBlaise Compaoré'sCongress for Democracy and Progress.

• Cape Verde (politics,elections):

In theCape Verdean legislative election, 2006, held on January 22, theAfrican Party of Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) triumphed, garnering 50.52% of the vote (40 seats), beating the main opposition party, theMovement for Democracy (MpD) with 28 seats, and theDemocratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union (UCID) with 2 seats.

In theCape Verdean presidential election, 2006, held on February 12,Pedro Pires, the incumbent, was challenged by former prime ministerCarlos Veiga. Pires, with 50.98% of the vote, narrowly beat Veiga, with 49.02%, thus retaining his presidency, in a repeat of the2001 election.

• Chad (politics,elections):

In theChadian presidential election, 2006, held on May 3 in the midst of theSecond Chadian Civil War, incumbentpresidentIdriss Déby won 64.67% of the vote, thus retaining his presidency. Most oppositionpolitical parties refused to participate in what they termed a "masquerade".Voter turnout was extremely low, at 53.1%.

• Comoros (politics,elections):

In theComorian presidential election, 2006, held in two rounds on April 16 and May 14,Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi defeated all opponents with a 58.02% majority of the national vote, succeedingAzali Assoumani in the firstpeaceful transfer of power in modern Comorian history.

• Democratic Republic of the Congo (politics,elections):

In theDemocratic Republic of the Congo general election, 2006, held on July 30 and October 29 in two rounds, the incumbentJoseph Kabila was electedpresident. The first round saw 33 candidates running for president and 9,000 candidates running for the 500 seats in theNational Assembly. Kabila had garnered 44.81% of the vote, while his main opponent,Jean-Pierre Bemba, only won 20.03%. Kabila'sPeople's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy won 110 seats in the Assembly, compared to the 64 seats won by Bemba'sMovement for the Liberation of Congo. The second round, a presidential run-off, saw the deployment of the world's largestUnited Nationspeacekeeping mission,UNMOC. On November 15, the Independent Electoral Commission (CEI) announced that Kabila had won the vote with 58.05%, while Bemba had received only 41.95% support, and declared Kabila president.Voter turnout was 65.36% for the second round. Despite Bemba's rejection of the outcome, theSupreme Court upheld the election result, stating that Kabila was the winner by "absolute majority". Throughout the year, rioting and violence was rampant in many parts of the country. This was the firstmulti-party election since1960.

• Gabon (politics,elections):

In theGabonese legislative election, 2006, held on December 17, confirmed results from the constitutional court stated that the 7 government coalition parties in support of the incumbentpresident,Omar Bongo had garnered a majority. Out of the total 120 seats, coalition parties had won a total of 99 seats, compared to the 17 won by the 6 parties of the opposition. The remaining 4 seats were won by independents. An overwhelming 82 seats were won by Bongo'sGabonese Democratic Party alone. No major incidents related to the election were reported.

• Madagascar (politics,elections):

In theMalagasy presidential election, 2006, held on December 3, incumbentpresidentMarc Ravalomanana was voted in for a second term in office with 54.80%, prevailing over 13 other candidates.Voter turnout was estimated at 61.45%. Confusion over preliminary results led opposition candidates to question the validity of the elections, and official complaints were filed to the constitutional court. On December 23, the court ruled that Ravalomanana had indeed won the election. Several weeks before, acoup attempt related to the election occurred. Furthermore, some candidates were barred from participating for various reasons.

• Mauritania (politics,elections):

In theMauritanian constitutional referendum, 2006, held on June 26, 96.97% voted to adopt a newconstitution.Voter turnout was 76.51%.

In theMauritanian parliamentary and municipal elections, 2006, held on November 19 and December 3, the coalition of former opposition parties won 39 seats, while moderateIslamist independents won 41 seats. The former ruling party, theRepublican Party for Democracy and Renewal, won the remaining 7 seats. The elections were considered to be free and transparent by all observers and political parties.

• Seychelles (politics,elections):

In theSeychellois presidential election, 2006, held from July 28 through July 30, the incumbentpresidentJames Michel of theSeychelles People's Progressive Front was re-elected with 53.73% of the vote. His main opponent,Wavel Ramkalawan of theSeychelles National Party, won 45.71% of the vote.Voter turnout was 88.7%.

• Uganda (politics,elections):

In theUgandan general election, 2006, held on February 23, the incumbentpresidentYoweri Museveni garnered 59.2% of the vote, compared toKizza Besigye's 37.3%. Besigye'sForum for Democratic Change (FDC) party rejected the results, allegingelectoral fraud. Judges of theSupreme Court of Uganda narrowly voted to uphold the election result, despite many mentions of irregularities. The election was also the firstmulti-party poll since 1986. However, a multitude of charges were brought against Besigye in the months leading up to the election, sparking claims of fabrication and widespread protests by Besigye supporters.

• Zambia (politics,elections):

In theZambian general election, 2006, held on September 28,Levy Mwanawasa won the single-roundpresidential election with 43.0%, beating main opponentsMichael Sata andHakainde Hichilema, with avoter turnout of 70.77%. In the simultaneously conductedparliamentary election, out of the 150 elected seats in theNational Assembly, Mwanawasa'sMovement for Multiparty Democracy secured 72 seats, while Sata'sPatriotic Front won 46 seats, and theUnited Democratic Alliance returned with 27 seats.

President ofSudanOmar al-Bashir refuses the deployment of 20,000Blue Helmets in aUnited Nations peacekeeping force inDarfur in accordance withUnited Nations Security CouncilResolution 1706 adopted on September 1.

• June 2006: The2006 Abdou Moumouni University protests over financial obligations to students from the university cause the temporary closure ofNiger's only public university,Abdou Moumouni University inNiamey.

• Cameroon: eleventh edition of the "Race of Hope for Africa". This competition, organized by theCameroon Athletics Federation joined a thousand athletes on a course of 42 km that included a climb ofMount Cameroon.

• Gabon: the international cycle raceTropical Amissa Bongo was held from 12 January to 15 January.

• Senegal: a "fight of the century" was organized on 1 January inDakar between two great figures of Senegalese wrestling.Yakhya Diop, alias Tékini won fromMohamed Ndao, alias Tyson.

• Benin: Fourth edition ofQuintessence, international film festival inOuidah from 7 to 11 January.

• List of state leaders in 2006 § Africa

This text is being translated from theoriginal French-language article.

• 2006 in Africa
• 2000s in Africa
• Years of the 21st century in Africa

• Articles with short description
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