The2000 Nobel Prizes were awarded by theNobel Foundation, based inSweden. Six categories were awarded:Physics,Chemistry,Physiology or Medicine,Literature,Peace, andEconomic Sciences.[1]
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled inOslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day inStockholm.[2][3]
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Zhores Alferov (1930–2019) |  Russian | "for developingsemiconductorheterostructures used in high-speed- andoptoelectronics" | [4] |
.jpg) | Herbert Kroemer (1928–2024) |  German | ||
 | Jack Kilby (1923–2005) |  American | "for his part in the invention of theintegrated circuit" | |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Alan J. Heeger (b. 1936) | American | "for their discovery and development ofconductive polymers" | [5] |
 | Alan G. MacDiarmid (1927–2007) |  New Zealander
| ||
 | Hideki Shirakawa (b. 1936) |  Japanese | ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Arvid Carlsson (1923–2018) |  Sweden | "for their discoveries concerningsignal transduction in thenervous system" | [6] |
 | Paul Greengard (1925–2019) | United States | ||
.JPG) | Eric Kandel (b. 1929) |  Austria | ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Gao Xingjian (b. 1940) |  France | "for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama" | [7] |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Kim Dae-jung (1924–2009) |  South Korea | "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular." | [8] |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | James Heckman (b. 1944) | United States | "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples" | [9] |
.JPG) | Daniel McFadden (b. 1937) | "for his development of theory and methods for analyzingdiscrete choice" | ||
Gao's awarding was met with silence inChina followed by condemnation in the Chinese media.[10]
