 | |
| Organising body | Deutsche Fußball Liga (DFL) |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1974; 51 years ago (1974) |
| Country | Germany |
| Confederation | UEFA |
| Number of clubs | 18 |
| Level on pyramid | 2 |
| Promotion to | Bundesliga |
| Relegation to | 3. Liga |
| Domestic cup | DFB-Pokal |
| Current champions | FC Köln (5th title) (2024–25) |
| Most championships | 1. FC Köln (5 titles) |
| Broadcaster(s) | Sky Sport RTL Sat.1 |
| Website | bundesliga.com/2 |
| Current:2025–26 2. Bundesliga | |
The2. Bundesliga (Zweite Bundesliga[ˈtsvaɪtəˈbʊndəsˌliːɡa];lit. '2nd Federal League') is the second division of professionalfootball in Germany. It was implemented 11 years after the founding of the Fußball-Bundesliga as the new second division for professional football.[1] The 2. Bundesliga is ranked below theBundesliga and above the3. Liga in theGerman football league system. All of the 2. Bundesliga clubs take part in theDFB-Pokal, the annual German Cup competition. A total of 127 clubs have competed in the 2. Bundesliga since its foundation.
The decision to establish the league as the second level of football in West Germany was made in May 1973. The league started operating in August 1974, then with two divisions of 20 clubs. It was reduced to a single division in 1981. From the 1991–92 season onwards clubs from the former East Germany started participating in the league, briefly expanding it to two divisions again. It returned to a single division format again at the end of that season and has had 18 clubs since 1994. Two clubs from the 2. Bundesliga are directly promoted to the Bundesliga, while a third promoted club is determined through the play-offs, from 1974 to 1991 and again since 2008. Between 1991 and 2008 the third-placed club in the league was directly promoted. The bottom clubs in the league are relegated to the third division; from 1974 to 1994, theOberliga, from 1994 to 2008, theRegionalliga and since 2008, the 3. Liga. The number of relegated clubs has fluctuated over the years. Since 2008 two clubs are directly relegated while the third-last team has the opportunity to defend its league play in the play-offs against the third placed team of the 3. Liga.
1. FC Köln hold the record number of championships in the league having won their 5th on May 18, 2025.Arminia Bielefeld holds the record for number of promotions from the 2. Bundesliga to the Bundesliga, with eight.
For the2024–25 season an average of 30,830 spectators watched 2. Bundesliga matches, the highest of any non-top flight football league in the world, and higher than the average attendance in many top flight leagues.[2]
With the implementation of theBundesliga in 1963,[3] fiveRegionalliga were also founded as the 2nd highest playing level,South,Southwest,West,North andBerlin. The two top ranking teams from each Regionalliga at the end of a season were placed into groups to play against the relegation teams from the Bundesliga. With the transition from the formerOberliga to the newly created Bundesliga and Regionalliga, however, it became clear that the substructure of the Bundesliga was both sportingly and economically problematic and that relegation from the Bundesliga could easily ruin a club economically.
This situation was partly responsible for theBundesliga scandal in 1971, in which, due to manipulations in point games in the relegation battle,Rot-Weiß Oberhausen andArminia Bielefeld managed to remain in the Bundesliga. As a consequence of the scandal, theDFB-Bundestag inFrankfurt decided on 30 June 1973 to introduce a 2. Bundesliga, divided into anorth and asouth season, for the1974–75 season, which should close the gap between professional and amateur areas.[4]
The decision to establish the 2. Bundesliga as a fully professional league below the Bundesliga was made at the annual convention of theGerman Football Association, theDFB, inFrankfurt on 30 June 1973. The league replaced the five Regionalligas that were at this level from 1963 to 1974. EachRegionalliga had a set quota of clubs that could qualify for the new league with theRegionalliga Süd receiving thirteen spots, theRegionalliga West twelve, theRegionalliga Nord andRegionalliga Südwest seven and theRegionalliga Berlin one. The qualified teams were established through a ranking that took the last five seasons of the Regionalliga into account.[5]
The new 2. Bundesliga was split into anorthern and asouthern division with 20 clubs each. Each division had its champion directly promoted to the Bundesliga while the two runners-up would contest a two-leg play-off to determine the third promoted team. The bottom four clubs in each league were relegated, however, as the number of clubs relegated from the Bundesliga to each division could vary, so could the number of clubs in the league and therefore the number of teams relegated.[6][7]
The first-ever game of the league was played on Friday, 2 August 1974 between1. FC Saarbrücken andDarmstadt 98 and ended in a 1–0 win for Saarbrücken, withNikolaus Semlitsch scoring the first-ever goal of the new league in the 18th minute of the game.[8][9][10] The inaugural champions of the league wereHannover 96 in the north andKarlsruher SC in the south, both former Bundesliga clubs. The play-offs for the third Bundesliga spot were contested byFK Pirmasens andBayer Uerdingen, with Uerdingen winning 6–0 at home after a four-all draw in the first leg.[11][12] The three promoted teams however proved uncompetitive in the Bundesliga with Hannover and Uerdingen being relegated straight away again while Karlsruhe lasted for only two seasons.[13]
The second season saw league championships forTennis Borussia Berlin and1. FC Saarbrücken, with Tennis Borussia lasting for only one season and1. FCS for two. The contest for the third promotion spot pitted two far bigger names of German football against each other, withBorussia Dortmund edging out1. FC Nürnberg with two wins, ending Dortmund's four-year second division spell.[13][14][15] The last round of the season in the south also saw an all-time goal scoring record per round when 55 goals were scored in ten games. The northern division incidentally set the second best mark when it scored 51 goals the day before.[16]
In 1976–77 the league champions wereFC St. Pauli andVfB Stuttgart while the third promotion spot went to1860 Munich, having had to play a third game afterArminia Bielefeld and TSV 1860 each won their home games 4–0, with the decider ending 2–0 in favour of the southern team.[17][18]Ottmar Hitzfeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record in May 1977 when he scored 6 goals in a league match for VfB Stuttgart against Jahn Regensburg.[19] Bielefeld won promotion as the champions of the northern division in the following season, as did southern champion SV Darmstadt 98, entering the Bundesliga for the first time in its history. Third place went to 1. FC Nürnberg who overcameRot-Weiss Essen with a 1–0 home win and a two–all draw away.[20][21] For Nürnberg it ended a nine-year absence from the Bundesliga.[13]Horst Hrubesch set an all-time record that season for goals in one season, 41 scored for Rot-Weiss Essen.[22]
In 1978–79 direct promotion went to 1860 Munich andBayer Leverkusen while the play-off was won, once more, by Bayer Uerdingen, which defeatedSpVgg Bayreuth 2–1 at home after a draw away. In the north, two clubs were relegated from the league for financial reasons,Westfalia Herne, which had finished fifth and former Bundesliga side FC St. Pauli, which had come sixth.[23][24] The following seasons saw 1. FC Nürnberg and Arminia Bielefeld clinch another promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, as did Karlsuher SC which overcame Rot-Weiss Essen by winning 5–1 at home after losing 3–1 away.[25][26] Arminia Bielefeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record when it defeatedArminia Hannover 11–0 in May 1980, the biggest-ever win in the league.[27]
The 1980–81 season, the seventh of the league, was also its last in this format. From 1981 it played as a single division of 20 teams after a decision taken on 7 June 1980, when, at a special convention of theDFB, the introduction of the single division 2. Bundesliga was decided upon with a majority of 84 votes to 77.[28] The northern division was unusually strong that season, having received all three relegated teams of the 1979–80 Bundesliga season,SV Werder Bremen,Eintracht Braunschweig andHertha BSC, and playing with 22 teams. Bremen won the league while Braunschweig came second. Hertha missed out despite scoring 123 goals. In the south, the league was won by SV Darmstadt 98 for a second time while runners-upKickers Offenbach lost out to Braunschweig in the play-offs. The reduction of the league to a single division meant 22 teams were relegated while no team was promoted to the 2. Bundesliga that season.[29][30]
The new single division league of 20 teams saw only a small change in modus. The top two in the league were promoted while the third placed team played the sixteenth placed Bundesliga side in a home-and-away play-off for one more spot in the Bundesliga. The bottom four in the league were relegated. The inaugural season sawFC Schalke 04 compete in the 2. Bundesliga for the first time, and win it. Second place went to Hertha BSC while third placed Kickers Offenbach missed out on promotion after losing both play-off games to Bayer Leverkusen. Fourth place went to 1860 Munich, one point behind Offenbach, but the club found itself relegated after theDFB refused it a license for the following season. This decision kept 17th placedSG Wattenscheid 09, the best-placed team on a relegation rank, in the league.[31] The following season finally saw Kickers Offenbach win promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, behind championsSV Waldhof Mannheim who had never played in the Bundesliga before. Bayer Uerdingen, in third place, won promotion through the play-offs for a third time, this time overcoming the previous seasons 2. Bundesliga champions FC Schalke 04.[13][32]
Schalke bounced back immediately, coming second behind Karlsruher SC in 1983–84. Third place went to MSV Duisburg wo were decisively beaten 0–5 by Bundesliga sideEintracht Frankfurt at home. At the other end, Rot-Weiss Essen, after having failed to win promotion to the Bundesliga through the play-offs twice from the 2. Bundesliga, was relegated to amateur football that season.[33] 1. FC Nürnberg took out the championship of the single division 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1985, with Hannover 96 coming second. Third placed 1. FC Saarbrücken also won promotion courtesy to a 2–0 home win over Arminia Bielefeld after a draw away. Kickers Offenbach, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga came only 19th in the 2. Bundesliga, suffered another relegation, as did another former Bundesliga side, FC St. Pauli, having returned to the league for the first time after having had its license revoked in 1979.[34]
In 1985–86, three clubs from Berlin competed in the league, but none the following season, withBlau-Weiß 90 Berlin achieving its one and only promotion to the Bundesliga while Hertha BSC and Tennis Borussia were relegated to amateur football. The league champions wereFC 08 Homburg, also promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Arguably one of the most famous play-off contests in 2. Bundesliga history however were the games between third placedFortuna Köln and Borussia Dortmund. Köln won 2–0 at home, followed by a 3–1 for Dortmund, making a third game necessary as the away goal rule did not apply to the Bundesliga versus 2. Bundesliga play-offs at the time. This third game was won 8–0 by Borussia Dortmund in front of 50,000 in neutralDüsseldorf. In the relegation zone MSV Duisburg followed the two Berlin clubs into amateur football as a third former Bundesliga side that season.[35][36]
Hannover 96 and Karlsruher SC won promotion once more in 1987 while third placed FC St. Pauli, freshly promoted from amateur football again, missed out by a goal in the play-offs against FC Homburg. At the bottom end Eintracht Braunschweig became another former Bundesliga side and champion to drop into the third division.[37] FC St. Pauli ended a ten-year wait for Bundesliga return in 1988 when it finished runners-up toStuttgarter Kickers who were promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Third placed SV Darmstadt 98 missed out on penalties in the deciding third game against SV Waldhof Mannheim after each side had won their home game by a goal. Arminia Bielefeld came a distant last and was relegated while 17th placed SpVgg Bayreuth was rescued whenRot-Weiß Oberhausen was refused a license.[38]
Fortuna Düsseldorf won the league championship in 1988–89, with two clubs from theSaarland coming second and third, FC Homburg and 1. FC Saarbrücken. Saarbrücken however was unable to overcome Eintracht Frankfurt in the later club's second successful play-off defence of its Bundesliga place. SpVgg Bayreuth finished 17th again but was again spared from relegation when Kickers Offenbach was refused a license. Also relegated wereUnion Solingen after 14 consecutive seasons in the league.[39] At the end of the season Spanish-bornJoaquín Montañés retired from 2. Bundesliga football after 479 games for Alemannia Aachen in the league from 1974 to 1989, a record for any player with a single club in the league.[40] In 1990 Hertha BSC completed its return from amateur football to the Bundesliga with a 2. Bundesliga title, followed up by SG Wattenscheid 09, who entered the Bundesliga for the first time. 1. FC Saarbrücken failed in the play-offs for a second consecutive time when it missed out toVfL Bochum, thereby ensuring aBochum derby in the Bundesliga between VfL and Wattenscheid for the following season. In the relegation zone SpVgg Bayreuth failed to get reprieved for a third consecutive season and dropped into amateur football, as didAlemannia Aachen, a founding member of the 2. Bundesliga who had played all 16 seasons of the league until then.[41]
The tenth season of the single division 2. Bundesliga was to be the last in its current format for a time as theGerman reunification in 1991 lead to changes to the league after this season. With FC Schalke 04 and MSV Duisburg two long-term Bundesliga teams finished at the top of the league. In third place Stuttgarter Kickers had to play FC St. Pauli three times to earn promotion, the first two contests having ended 1–1 while Stuttgart won the third 3–1.FC Schweinfurt 05 in last place became one of the worst clubs in the league history when it only won two games all season. Rot-Weiss Essen had its license revoked which allowed SV Darmstadt 98 to avoid relegation.[42]
In the 1991–92 season, the league was expanded to 24 teams in two regional divisions, north and south, to accommodate six newEast German clubs which joined the league that season. The East German clubs were spread very unevenly, with one going to the north and five to the south, caused by the geographic location of those clubs. Only the league champions were promoted to the Bundesliga that year, which were Bayer Uerdingen in the north and 1. FC Saarbrücken in the south. The bottom three in each division were relegated, three of which were from former East Germany. The other two were former Bundesliga clubs, Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin and 1860 Munich, with the later having played its first season back in the 2. Bundesliga after their license was revoked in 1982. At the end of this season the league returned to the single division format, but with still 24 clubs as its strength.[43][44]
The 1992–93 season was a momentous one, with 24 teams competing in a single league and each club playing 46 games. Three clubs were promoted directly, as would be the case from then on until 2008, with the play-offs having been abolished.SC Freiburg won the league and promotion for the first time. Behind it, MSV Duisburg made a return to the Bundesliga while third placedVfB Leipzig became the first former East German club to earn promotion from the 2. Bundesliga. Seven clubs were relegated from the league to reduce its strength to 20 clubs again from the following season. Of those Eintracht Braunschweig, Fortuna Düsseldorf and SV Darmstadt 98 were former Bundesliga sides.[45] The following season saw changes again as it was the last with 20 clubs. Promoted were VfL Bochum, Bayer Uerdingen and 1860 Munich, which had just won promotion from the third division the year before and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1981. At the bottom end, five clubs were relegated, four of those former Bundesliga sides and the fifth one,Carl Zeiss Jena, from former East Germany.[46]
The league level below the 2. Bundesliga was changed profoundly in 1994 with the Oberligas replaced by the new Regionalligas, which allowed for direct promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for the first time since 1980. The league itself was now reduced to 18 clubs with no play-offs, three promoted and four relegated teams, a system it would maintain until 2008, when the play-offs were re-introduced.Hansa Rostock won the 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1995 and FC St. Pauli and Fortuna Düsseldorf followed it up to the Bundesliga. In the relegation zoneFSV Frankfurt came a distant last with only three wins to its name while the two Saarland sides FC Homburg and 1. FC Saarbrücken accompanied it. The later, despite finishing seventh, had its license revoked, thereby sparingFSV Zwickau from relegation.[47]
The 1995–96 season saw VfL Bochum win the league again with second placedArminia Bielefeld winning promotion straight after having been promoted from the Regionalliga the year before. Third place went to MSV Duisburg while Hannover 96, 1. FC Nürnberg and SG Wattenscheid 09 were all former Bundesliga clubs now suffering relegation to the third division.[48] The1. FC Kaiserslautern and Eintracht Frankfurt had suffered their first-ever relegation from the Bundesliga in 1996. The former won the league and bounced back immediately while Frankfurt remained at this level for another season. Kaiseslautern was accompanied up byVfL Wolfsburg, who won promotion for the first time, and Hertha BSC. Kaiserslautern would also become the first and only club to win the Bundesliga as a freshly promoted side the following year.[49] The 1. FC Kaiserslautern and SV Meppen also set a record for number of goals in a game, 13, when Kaiserslautern defeated Meppen 7–6.[50] Eintracht Frankfurt won the league in 1998 with SC Freiburg coming second while 1. FC Nürnberg, freshly returned from the Regionalliga, came third. At the bottom end VfB Leipzig was one of three clubs from the east to be relegated, alongsideSV Meppen, which dropped out of the league after eleven consecutive seasons there.[51]
The 1998–99 season saw the1. FC Köln in the league for the first time, having been relegated from the Bundesliga after 35 consecutive seasons there from the start of the league in 1963. Köln only managed to come tenth, while the league was won by Arminia Bielefeld. Behind Arminia Bielefeld,SpVgg Unterhaching andSSV Ulm 1846 entered the Bundesliga for the very first time. Last place in the league went to Fortuna Düsseldorf, which was accompanied to the Regionalliga by SG Wattenscheid 09,KFC Uerdingen 05, formerly Bayer Uerdingen, andFC Gütersloh.[52] The first season of the new millennium saw the end of an era, with Fortuna Köln being relegated after 26 consecutive seasons in the league since the start in 1974. Local rival 1. FC Köln won the league while VfL Bochum came second andFC Energie Cottbus, in third place, moved up to the Bundesliga for the first time. Fortuna Köln was accompanied to the Regionalliga by Karlsruher SC, Kickers Offenbach and Tennis Borussia Berlin, who had their license revoked.[53]
In 2000–01, the league was won by 1. FC Nürnberg once again, withBorussia Mönchengladbach earning promotion back to the Bundesliga after a two-year absence. FC St. Pauli was the third promoted team. SSV Ulm 1846, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga, finished the season in 16th place and became insolvent.[54] Hannover 96, Arminia Bielefeld and VfL Bochum were the promoted teams in 2002,[55] while the following season saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt competing and succeeding for promotion again, behind league champions SC Freiburg.[56]
In 2004, 1. FC Nürnberg and Arminia Bielefeld earned another one of their many promotions while third placed1. FSV Mainz 05 was a newcomer to the Bundesliga.[57] Like in 2003, 2005 saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt win promotion while between them, in second place, MSV Duisburg moved up, too. At the bottom end three of the four relegated clubs shared similar names, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Rot-Weiss Essen andRot-Weiß Erfurt with the fourth team relegated beingEintracht Trier.[58]
VfL Bochum won the league again in 2006 while FC Energie Cottbus returned to the Bundesliga for a second three-year stint. In second place Alemannia Aachen returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1970. Relegated that year wereDynamo Dresden, former East German power house, after a two-year stint in the league.[59] 2006 also saw the retirement ofWilli Landgraf from 2. Bundesliga football. Landgraf had played a record 508 2. Bundesliga games from 1986 to 2006, playing in the league for Rot-Weiss Essen, FC 08 Homburg, FC Gütersloh and Alemannia Aachen.[40][60] Karlsruher SC ended an absence from the Bundesliga that had lasted since 1998 when it won the league in 2007 and was followed up by Hansa Rostock and MSV Duisburg.[61] Freshly relegated Borussia Mönchengladbach won the league the following year, with new Bundesliga clubTSG 1899 Hoffenheim second and 1. FC Köln third.[62]
The 2008–09 season saw the return of play-offs. The third placed team in the 2. Bundesliga now played the 16th placed team in the Bundesliga for a spot in that league. At the other end of the table, the 16th placed 2. Bundesliga side would now also play the third placed team in the new3. Liga, which had replaced the Regionalliga as the third division. SC Freiburg and 1. FSV Mainz 05 were directly promoted that season while 1. FC Nürnberg had to enter the play-offs in which it defeated FC Energie Cottbus 5–0 on aggregate. At the relegation end,VfL Osnabrück lost its 2. Bundesliga place toSC Paderborn from the 3. Liga.[63]
1. FC Kaiserslautern ended a four-year spell in the 2. Bundesliga in 2010 with a league championship, with FC St. Pauli coming second. TheFC Augsburg finished third but was unable to overcome 1. FC Nürnberg in the play-offs and lost 3–0 on aggregate. Hansa Rostock, in 16th place, dropped out of the 2. Bundesliga when it lost both play-off games toIngolstadt 04.[64] Hertha BSC and FC Augsburg were directly promoted to the Bundesliga in 2010, the later for the first time, while VfL Bochum in third place missed out on promotion against Borussia Mönchengladbach. VfL Osnabrück found itself unsuccessfully defending its league place again, losing to Dynamo Dresden in extra time in the second leg.[65]
After 15 consecutive seasons in the 2. Bundesliga a numerous attempts at promotionGreuther Fürth finally won the league in 2012. Eintracht Frankfurt came second and Fortuna Düsseldorf returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1997 when it defeated Hertha BSC in the play-offs. Karlsruher SC failed to remain in the 2. Bundesliga when it was relegated on away goal rule after two drawn games againstJahn Regensburg.[66]
Hertha BSC won the 2. Bundesliga for the second time in three seasons in 2012–13 and was accompanied up by Eintracht Braunschweig, who had not played in the Bundesliga since 1985. Third placed 1. FC Kaiserslautern lost both games to 1899 Hoffenheim and thereby failed to get promoted. Dynamo Dresden became the first 2. Bundesliga side in five attempts to hold onto their league place while 3. Liga side VfL Osnabrück missed out in the play-offs for a third time in three attempts.[67] The 2013–14 season ended with 1. FC Köln winning the league, followed up bySC Paderborn who won promotion to the Bundesliga for the first time. Relegated where Energie Cottbus and Dynamo Dresden, both former Bundesliga sides. Third placed SpVgg Greuther Fürth failed to gain promotion after two draws with Bundesliga clubHamburger SV. At the bottom end two eastern clubs were relegated, Dynamo Dresden and Energie Cottbus, while Arminia Bielefeld entered the relegation round.
The 2014–15 season sawIngolstadt 04 win the league and earn Bundesliga promotion for the first time while SV Darmstadt 98 finished second and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1982. Third placed Karlsruher SC faced Hamburg for another Bundesliga spot while TSV 1860 Munich had to playHolstein Kiel to retain their place in the 2. Bundesliga. Both the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga clubs retained their league membership. The two clubs directly relegated from the league whereErzgebirge Aue andVfR Aalen.[68] In the 2015–16 the league was won by SC Freiburg, withRB Leipzig finishing runners-up and earning its first-ever Bundesliga promotion, while 1. FC Nürnberg had to enter the promotion play-off where it lost on aggregate to Eintracht Frankfurt. At the bottom end of the table SC Paderborn suffered consecutive relegations, becoming the sixth club to drop from the Bundesliga to the third tier in consecutive seasons. FSV Frankfurt was the second team directly relegated while MSV Duisburg entered the relegation play-off where it was unsuccessful.[69] All the clubs promoted to the 2. Bundesliga had played there before but while Dynamo Dresden and Erzgebirge Aue had only experienced a short absence the third club,Würzburger Kickers, had not played at this level for almost 40 years.[70]
After their relegation, the2018–19 season wasHamburger SV's first season outside of the German top flight in their 55-year history.[71]
For the first time in 1996, the Bundesliga was given its own logo to distinguish itself. Six years later, the logo was revamped into a portrait orientation, which was used until 2010. A new logo was announced for the2010–11 season in order to modernise the brand logo for all media platforms.[72] To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Bundesliga, a special logo was developed for the2012–13 season, featuring a "50" and "1963–2013".[73] Following the season, the 2010 logo was restored. In December 2016, it was announced that a new logo would be used for the 2017–18 season, modified slightly for digitisation requirements, featuring a matte look.[74]
In December 2016, it was announced that for the first time, the 2. Bundesliga would be given its own logo, taking effect at the start of the 2017–18 season. Previously, the 2. Bundesliga had borrowed the Bundesliga logo for promotional and media purposes. The 2. Bundesliga gained its own logo to "strengthen the profile of the competition" and to better identify the league with fans, the media, and sponsors.[74]
As of August 2025[update], the most consistent team in the league has beenSpVgg Greuther Fürth, who have won 1800 points in 1230 games (using the three points per win scheme). In second place sitsFC St. Pauli with 1690 points, andHannover 96 is third with 1607 points. Last place, number 128, goes toSpandauer SV with just ten points to its name.[75] (subject to change in the future)
There are 128 teams that have taken part in 52 2. Bundesliga seasons that were played from the1974–75 season until the2025–26 season. The teams in bold compete in the 2. Bundesliga currently. The teams in italics represent defunct teams. The year in parentheses represents the most recent year of participation at this level.
Since the 2006–07 season there is no longer a limit on non-EU players in the league. Instead clubs are required to have 8 players on the squad who have come up through the youth system of a German club, 4 of which have to come from the club's own youth system.[76] Seven substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the game.
| Season | Champions | Runners-up | Third place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981–82 | Schalke 04 | Hertha BSC | Kickers Offenbach |
| 1982–83 | Waldhof Mannheim | Kickers Offenbach | Uerdingen |
| 1983–84 | Karlsruher SC | Schalke 04 | MSV Duisburg |
| 1984–85 | 1. FC Nürnberg | Hannover 96 | 1. FC Saarbrücken |
| 1985–86 | Homburg | BW Berlin | Fortuna Köln |
| 1986–87 | Hannover 96 | Karlsruher SC | FC St. Pauli |
| 1987–88 | Stuttgarter Kickers | FC St. Pauli | Darmstadt 98 |
| 1988–89 | Fortuna Düsseldorf | Homburg | 1. FC Saarbrücken |
| 1989–90 | Hertha BSC | Wattenscheid | 1. FC Saarbrücken |
| 1990–91 | Schalke 04 | MSV Duisburg | Stuttgarter Kickers |
2. Bundesliga North[edit]
| 2. Bundesliga South[edit]
|
| Season | Champions | Runners-up | Third place |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992–93 | SC Freiburg | MSV Duisburg | VfB Leipzig |
| 1993–94 | VfL Bochum | Uerdingen | 1860 Munich |
| 1994–95 | Hansa Rostock | FC St. Pauli | Fortuna Düsseldorf |
| 1995–96 | VfL Bochum | Arminia Bielefeld | MSV Duisburg |
| 1996–97 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | VfL Wolfsburg | Hertha BSC |
| 1997–98 | Eintracht Frankfurt | SC Freiburg | 1. FC Nürnberg |
| 1998–99 | Arminia Bielefeld | Unterhaching | SSV Ulm |
| 1999–2000 | 1. FC Köln | VfL Bochum | Energie Cottbus |
| 2000–01 | 1. FC Nürnberg | Borussia Mönchengladbach | St. Pauli |
| 2001–02 | Hannover 96 | Arminia Bielefeld | VfL Bochum |
| 2002–03 | SC Freiburg | 1. FC Köln | Eintracht Frankfurt |
| 2003–04 | 1. FC Nürnberg | Arminia Bielefeld | Mainz 05 |
| 2004–05 | 1. FC Köln | Duisburg | Eintracht Frankfurt |
| 2005–06 | VfL Bochum | Alemannia Aachen | Energie Cottbus |
| 2006–07 | Karlsruher SC | Hansa Rostock | Duisburg |
| 2007–08 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | Hoffenheim | 1. FC Köln |
| 2008–09 | SC Freiburg | Mainz 05 | 1. FC Nürnberg |
| 2009–10 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | St. Pauli | FC Augsburg |
| 2010–11 | Hertha BSC | FC Augsburg | VfL Bochum |
| 2011–12 | Greuther Fürth | Eintracht Frankfurt | Fortuna Düsseldorf |
| 2012–13 | Hertha BSC | Eintracht Braunschweig | 1. FC Kaiserslautern |
| 2013–14 | 1. FC Köln | SC Paderborn | Greuther Fürth |
| 2014–15 | FC Ingolstadt | Darmstadt 98 | Karlsruher SC |
| 2015–16 | SC Freiburg | RB Leipzig | 1. FC Nürnberg |
| 2016–17 | VfB Stuttgart | Hannover 96 | Eintracht Braunschweig |
| 2017–18 | Fortuna Düsseldorf | 1. FC Nürnberg | Holstein Kiel |
| 2018–19 | 1. FC Köln | SC Paderborn | 1. FC Union Berlin |
| 2019–20 | Arminia Bielefeld | VfB Stuttgart | 1. FC Heidenheim |
| 2020–21 | VfL Bochum | Greuther Fürth | Holstein Kiel |
| 2021–22 | Schalke 04 | Werder Bremen | Hamburger SV |
| 2022–23 | 1. FC Heidenheim | Darmstadt 98 | Hamburger SV |
| 2023–24 | FC St. Pauli | Holstein Kiel | Fortuna Düsseldorf |
| 2024–25 | 1. FC Köln | Hamburger SV | SV Elversberg |
The list of teams that earned promotion to and from the 2. Bundesliga or were relegated from the league:
| Season | Promoted to the Bundesliga | Relegated to the Oberliga/Regionalliga/3. Liga | Promoted from the Oberliga/Regionalliga/3. Liga |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1974–75 | Hannover 96,Bayer Uerdingen (Nord) Karlsruher SC (Süd) | Olympia Wilhelmshaven,Rot-Weiß Oberhausen,VfL Wolfsburg,HSV Barmbek-Uhlenhorst (Nord) VfR Heilbronn,Borussia Neunkirchen,VfR Wormatia Worms,VfR Mannheim (Süd) | Bayer Leverkusen,Spandauer SV,Westfalia Herne,Union Solingen (Nord) Eintracht Kreuznach,FSV Frankfurt,Jahn Regensburg,SSV Reutlingen (Süd) |
| 1975–76 | Tennis Borussia Berlin,Borussia Dortmund (Nord) 1. FC Saarbrücken (Süd) | 1. FC Mülheim,SpVgg Erkenschwick,DJK Gütersloh,Spandauer SV (Nord) Mainz 05,FC Schweinfurt 05,Eintracht Bad Kreuznach,SSV Reutlingen (Süd) | Arminia Hannover,Bonner SC,SC Herford,VfL Wolfsburg (Nord) BSV Schwenningen,Eintracht Trier,FV Würzburg 04,KSV Baunatal (Süd) |
| 1976–77 | FC St. Pauli (Nord) VfB Stuttgart,1860 Munich (Süd) | Bonner SC,Göttingen 05,Wacker 04 Berlin,VfL Wolfsburg (Nord) Röchling Völklingen,Jahn Regensburg,BSV 07 Schwenningen (Süd) | 1. FC Bocholt,OSC Bremerhaven,Rot-Weiß Lüdenscheid (Nord) Freiburger FC,Würzburger Kickers,VfR Oli Bürstadt,Wormatia Worms (Süd) |
| 1977–78 | Arminia Bielefeld (Nord) Darmstadt 98,1. FC Nürnberg (Süd) | 1. FC Bocholt,OSC Bremerhaven,Schwarz-Weiß Essen (Nord) FC Bayern Hof,VfR 1910 Bürstadt,Kickers Würzburg,FK Pirmasens (Süd) | DSC Wanne-Eickel,Holstein Kiel,Viktoria Köln,Wacker 04 Berlin (Nord) Borussia Neunkirchen,FC Hanau 93,MTV Ingolstadt,SC Freiburg (Süd) |
| 1978–79 | Bayer 04 Leverkusen,Bayer Uerdingen (Nord) 1860 Munich (Süd) | Westfalia Herne,FC St. Pauli,Wacker 04 Berlin (Nord) FC Hanau 93,FC Augsburg,KSV Baunatal,Borussia Neunkirchen (Süd) | OSC Bremerhaven,OSV Hannover,Rot-Weiß Oberhausen,SC Herford (Nord) ESV Ingolstadt,SV Röchling Völklingen,SSV Ulm 1846,VfR Oli Bürstadt (Süd) |
| 1979–80 | Arminia Bielefeld (Nord) 1. FC Nürnberg,Karlsruher SC (Süd) | DSC Wanne-Eickel,OSC Bremerhaven,Arminia Hannover,Wuppertaler SV (Nord) MTV 1881 Ingolstadt,Röchling Völklingen,FV Würzburg 04 (Süd) | 1. FC Bocholt,Göttingen 05,SpVgg Erkenschwick,VfB Oldenburg (Nord) Borussia Neunkirchen,FC Augsburg,Hessen Kassel,VfB Eppingen (Süd) |
| 1980–81 | Werder Bremen,Eintracht Braunschweig (Nord) Darmstadt 98 (Süd) | Because of the reduction of the league to a single division 22 clubs were relegated | None |
| 1981–82 | FC Schalke 04,Hertha BSC | 1860 Munich,VfR Wormatia Worms,Freiburger FC,SpVgg Bayreuth | FSV Frankfurt,FC Augsburg,BV Lüttringhausen,TuS Schloß Neuhaus |
| 1982–83 | SV Waldhof Mannheim,Kickers Offenbach,Bayer Uerdingen | FC Augsburg,SpVgg Fürth,FSV Frankfurt,TuS Schloß Neuhaus | Rot-Weiß Oberhausen,SC Charlottenburg,SSV Ulm 1846,1. FC Saarbrücken |
| 1983–84 | Karlsruher SC,FC Schalke 04 | Rot-Weiss Essen,SC Charlottenburg,VfL Osnabrück,BV 08 Lüttringhausen | VfR Bürstadt,FC 08 Homburg,FC St. Pauli,Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin |
| 1984–85 | 1. FC Nürnberg,Hannover 96,1. FC Saarbrücken | FC St. Pauli,VfR 1910 Bürstadt,Kickers Offenbach,SSV Ulm 1846 | VfL Osnabrück,Tennis Borussia Berlin,Viktoria Aschaffenburg,SpVgg Bayreuth |
| 1985–86 | FC 08 Homburg,Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin | Hertha BSC,SpVgg Bayreuth,Tennis Borussia Berlin,MSV Duisburg | SSV Ulm 1846,FSV Salmrohr,FC St. Pauli,Rot-Weiss Essen |
| 1986–87 | Hannover 96,Karlsruher SC | Eintracht Braunschweig,Viktoria Aschaffenburg,KSV Hessen Kassel,FSV Salmrohr | Kickers Offenbach,SpVgg Bayreuth,SV Meppen,BVL 08 Remscheid |
| 1987–88 | Stuttgarter Kickers,FC St. Pauli | Rot-Weiß Oberhausen,BVL 08 Remscheid,SSV Ulm 1846,Arminia Bielefeld | Eintracht Braunschweig,Hertha BSC,Viktoria Aschaffenburg,Mainz 05 |
| 1988–89 | Fortuna Düsseldorf,FC 08 Homburg | Kickers Offenbach,Viktoria Aschaffenburg,Mainz 05,Union Solingen | KSV Hessen Kassel,SpVgg Unterhaching,MSV Duisburg,Preußen Münster |
| 1989–90 | Hertha BSC,SG Wattenscheid 09 | KSV Hessen Kassel,SpVgg Bayreuth,Alemannia Aachen,SpVgg Unterhaching | VfB Oldenburg,TSV Havelse,Mainz 05,1. FC Schweinfurt 05 |
| 1990–91 | FC Schalke 04,MSV Duisburg,Stuttgarter Kickers | Rot-Weiss Essen,Preußen Münster,TSV Havelse,Schweinfurt 05 | FC Remscheid,1860 Munich (West) Stahl Brandenburg,VfB Leipzig,Chemnitzer FC,Carl Zeiss Jena,Hallescher FC,Rot-Weiß Erfurt (East) |
| 1991–92 | Bayer Uerdingen (Nord) 1. FC Saarbrücken (Süd) | Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin,BSV Stahl Brandenburg (Nord) 1860 Munich,Hallescher FC,FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt (Süd) | Wuppertaler SV,VfL Wolfsburg,SpVgg Unterhaching |
| 1992–93 | SC Freiburg,MSV Duisburg,VfB Leipzig | SpVgg Unterhaching,Eintracht Braunschweig,VfL Osnabrück,Fortuna Düsseldorf,VfB Oldenburg,Darmstadt 98,FC Remscheid | 1860 Munich,Rot-Weiss Essen,Tennis Borussia Berlin |
| 1993–94 | VfL Bochum,Bayer Uerdingen,1860 Munich | Stuttgarter Kickers,Carl Zeiss Jena,Wuppertaler SV,Rot-Weiss Essen,Tennis Borussia Berlin | Fortuna Düsseldorf,FSV Frankfurt,FSV Zwickau |
| 1994–95 | Hansa Rostock,FC St. Pauli,Fortuna Düsseldorf | 1. FC Saarbrücken,FC 08 Homburg,FSV Frankfurt | SpVgg Unterhaching,VfB Lübeck,Carl Zeiss Jena,Arminia Bielefeld |
| 1995–96 | VfL Bochum,Arminia Bielefeld,MSV Duisburg | Chemnitzer FC,Hannover 96,1. FC Nürnberg,SG Wattenscheid 09 | VfB Oldenburg,Rot-Weiss Essen,FC Gütersloh,Stuttgarter Kickers |
| 1996–97 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern,VfL Wolfsburg,Hertha BSC | SV Waldhof Mannheim,VfB Lübeck,Rot-Weiss Essen,VfB Oldenburg | Greuther Fürth,Energie Cottbus,SG Wattenscheid 09,1. FC Nürnberg |
| 1997–98 | Eintracht Frankfurt,SC Freiburg,1. FC Nürnberg | VfB Leipzig,Carl Zeiss Jena,FSV Zwickau,SV Meppen | SSV Ulm 1846,Rot-Weiß Oberhausen,Hannover 96,Tennis Borussia Berlin |
| 1998–99 | Arminia Bielefeld,SpVgg Unterhaching,SSV Ulm 1846 | FC Gütersloh,KFC Uerdingen 05,SG Wattenscheid 09,Fortuna Düsseldorf | SV Waldhof Mannheim,Kickers Offenbach,Chemnitzer FC,Alemannia Aachen |
| 1999–2000 | 1. FC Köln,VfL Bochum,Energie Cottbus | Tennis Borussia Berlin,Fortuna Köln,Kickers Offenbach,Karlsruher SC | LR Ahlen,SSV Reutlingen,1. FC Saarbrücken,VfL Osnabrück |
| 2000–01 | 1. FC Nürnberg,Borussia Mönchengladbach,FC St. Pauli | VfL Osnabrück,SSV Ulm 1846,Stuttgarter Kickers,Chemnitzer FC | SV Babelsberg 03,Union Berlin,Karlsruher SC,1. FC Schweinfurt 05 |
| 2001–02 | Hannover 96,Arminia Bielefeld,VfL Bochum | SpVgg Unterhaching,1. FC Saarbrücken,Schweinfurt 05,SV Babelsberg 03 | Wacker Burghausen,Eintracht Trier,VfB Lübeck,Eintracht Braunschweig |
| 2002–03 | SC Freiburg,1. FC Köln,Eintracht Frankfurt | Eintracht Braunschweig,SSV Reutlingen 05,FC St. Pauli,SV Waldhof Mannheim | Jahn Regensburg,SpVgg Unterhaching,Erzgebirge Aue,VfL Osnabrück |
| 2003–04 | 1. FC Nürnberg,Arminia Bielefeld,Mainz 05 | VfB Lübeck,Jahn Regensburg,Union Berlin,VfL Osnabrück | Rot-Weiß Erfurt,1. FC Saarbrücken,Rot-Weiss Essen,Dynamo Dresden |
| 2004–05 | 1. FC Köln,MSV Duisburg,Eintracht Frankfurt | Eintracht Trier,Rot-Weiß Oberhausen,Rot-Weiss Essen,FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt | Eintracht Braunschweig,SC Paderborn,Kickers Offenbach,Sportfreunde Siegen |
| 2005–06 | VfL Bochum,Alemannia Aachen,Energie Cottbus | Dynamo Dresden,1. FC Saarbrücken,LR Ahlen,Sportfreunde Siegen | FC Augsburg,TuS Koblenz,Carl Zeiss Jena,Rot-Weiss Essen |
| 2006–07 | Karlsruher SC,Hansa Rostock,MSV Duisburg | Rot-Weiss Essen,SpVgg Unterhaching,SV Wacker Burghausen,Eintracht Braunschweig | SV Wehen,TSG 1899 Hoffenheim,FC St. Pauli,VfL Osnabrück |
| 2007–08 | Borussia Mönchengladbach,TSG 1899 Hoffenheim,1. FC Köln | Kickers Offenbach,Erzgebirge Aue,SC Paderborn,FC Carl Zeiss Jena | FSV Frankfurt,Ingolstadt 04,Rot Weiss Ahlen,Rot-Weiß Oberhausen |
| 2008–09 | SC Freiburg,Mainz 05,1. FC Nürnberg | VfL Osnabrück,Ingolstadt 04,SV Wehen Wiesbaden | Union Berlin,Fortuna Düsseldorf,SC Paderborn |
| 2009–10 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern,FC St. Pauli | Hansa Rostock,TuS Koblenz,Rot Weiss Ahlen | VfL Osnabrück,Erzgebirge Aue,Ingolstadt 04 |
| 2010–11 | Hertha BSC,FC Augsburg | VfL Osnabrück,Rot-Weiß Oberhausen,Arminia Bielefeld | Eintracht Braunschweig,Hansa Rostock,Dynamo Dresden |
| 2011–12 | Greuther Fürth,Eintracht Frankfurt,Fortuna Düsseldorf (viaplay-off) | Hansa Rostock,Alemannia Aachen,Karlsruher SC | SV Sandhausen,VfR Aalen,Jahn Regensburg |
| 2012–13 | Hertha BSC,Eintracht Braunschweig | MSV Duisburg,Jahn Regensburg | Karlsruher SC,Arminia Bielefeld |
| 2013–14 | 1. FC Köln,SC Paderborn | Energie Cottbus,Dynamo Dresden,Arminia Bielefeld (viaplay-off) | 1. FC Heidenheim,RB Leipzig,Darmstadt 98 |
| 2014–15 | Ingolstadt 04,Darmstadt 98 | Erzgebirge Aue,VfR Aalen | Arminia Bielefeld,MSV Duisburg |
| 2015–16 | SC Freiburg,RB Leipzig | MSV Duisburg,FSV Frankfurt,SC Paderborn | Dynamo Dresden,Erzgebirge Aue,Würzburger Kickers |
| 2016–17 | VfB Stuttgart,Hannover 96 | 1860 Munich (toRL Bayern),Würzburger Kickers,Karlsruher SC | MSV Duisburg,Holstein Kiel,Jahn Regensburg |
| 2017–18 | Fortuna Düsseldorf,1. FC Nürnberg | Eintracht Braunschweig,1. FC Kaiserslautern | 1. FC Magdeburg,SC Paderborn |
| 2018–19 | 1. FC Köln,SC Paderborn,Union Berlin (viaplay-off) | 1. FC Magdeburg,MSV Duisburg,FC Ingolstadt | VfL Osnabrück,Karlsruher SC,SV Wehen Wiesbaden |
| 2019–20 | Arminia Bielefeld,VfB Stuttgart | SV Wehen Wiesbaden,Dynamo Dresden | Würzburger Kickers,Eintracht Braunschweig |
| 2020–21 | VfL Bochum,Greuther Fürth | VfL Osnabrück (viaplay-off),Eintracht Braunschweig,Würzburger Kickers | Dynamo Dresden,Hansa Rostock,FC Ingolstadt |
| 2021–22 | Schalke 04,Werder Bremen | Dynamo Dresden (viaplay-off),Erzgebirge Aue,FC Ingolstadt | 1. FC Magdeburg,Eintracht Braunschweig,1. FC Kaiserslautern |
| 2022–23 | 1. FC Heidenheim,Darmstadt 98 | Arminia Bielefeld (viaplay-off),Jahn Regensburg,SV Sandhausen | SV Elversberg,VfL Osnabrück,Wehen Wiesbaden |
| 2023–24 | FC St. Pauli,Holstein Kiel | SV Wehen Wiesbaden (viaplay-off),Hansa Rostock,VfL Osnabrück | SSV Ulm,Preußen Münster |
| Rank | Player | Apps | Years | Club(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Willi Landgraf | 508 | 1987–2006 | Alemannia Aachen 188,Rot-Weiss Essen 119,FC Homburg 107,FC Gütersloh 94 |
| 2 |  Joaquín Montañés | 479 | 1974–1989 | Alemannia Aachen 479 |
| 3 | Karl-Heinz Schulz | 463 | 1977–1991 | SC Freiburg 287,Freiburger FC 176 |
| 4 | Hans Wulf | 440 | 1974–1989 | Hessen Kassel 231,Schwarz-Weiß Essen 118,Wormatia Worms 59,Hannover 96 32 |
| 5 | Wolfgang Krüger | 428 | 1975–1988 | Union Solingen 428 |
| 6 | Hans-Jürgen Gede | 416 | 1977–1990 | Fortuna Köln 344,Preußen Münster 72 |
| 7 | Andreas Helmer | 411 | 1983–1998 | SV Meppen 244,VfL Osnabrück 167 |
| 8 | Gerd Paulus | 407 | 1974–1989 | Kickers Offenbach 304,SV Röchling Völklingen 103 |
| 9 | Oliver Posniak | 403 | 1977–1989 | Darmstadt 98 290,FSV Frankfurt 113 |
| 10 | Dirk Hupe | 399 | 1975–1994 | Fortuna Köln 212,Union Solingen 187 |
| Rank | Player | Goals | Apps | Ratio | Years | Club(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Simon Terodde | 177 | 311 | 0.57 | 2008–2024 | VfL Bochum (41/66),Schalke 04 (35/58),1. FC Köln (29/33),VfB Stuttgart (25/32),Hamburger SV (24/33),Union Berlin (23/87),MSV Duisburg (0/2) |
| 2 | Dieter Schatzschneider | 153 | 201 | 0.76 | 1978–1987 | Hannover 96 (131/160),Fortuna Köln (22/41) |
| 3 | Karl-Heinz Mödrath | 150 | 272 | 0.55 | 1974–1983 | Fortuna Köln (143/247),Alemannia Aachen (7/25) |
| 4 | Theo Gries | 123 | 293 | 0.42 | 1985–1994 | Hertha BSC (67/148),Alemannia Aachen (47/125),Hannover 96 (8/20) |
| 5 | Sven Demandt | 121 | 317 | 0.38 | 1987–2001 | Mainz 05 (55/179),Fortuna Düsseldorf (49/74),Hertha BSC (17/64) |
| 6 | Walter Krause | 120 | 273 | 0.44 | 1974–1983 | Kickers Offenbach (98/237),Wattenscheid 09 (13/20),Rot-Weiß Oberhausen (9/16) |
| 7 | Daniel Jurgeleit | 117 | 393 | 0.30 | 1982–1997 | Union Solingen (59/193),FC Homburg (34/133),VfB Lübeck (24/67) |
| 8 | Gerd-Volker Schock | 116 | 242 | 0.48 | 1974–1984 | VfL Osnabrück (95/205),Arminia Bielefeld (21/37) |
| 9 | Franz Gerber | 115 | 213 | 0.54 | 1975–1987 | FC St. Pauli (42/73),ESV Ingolstadt (23/36),Wuppertaler SV (19/32),1860 Munich (19/35),Hannover 96 (12/37) |
| Paul Linz | 115 | 233 | 0.49 | 1979–1988 | VfL Osnabrück (52/108),Freiburger FC (36/69),Waldhof Mannheim (16/37),OSC Bremerhaven (11/19) |
| Largest win[100] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arminia Bielefeld –Arminia Hannover 11–0 (23 May 1980) | 11 | |||
| Most goals in a game[101] | ||||
| 1. FC Kaiserslautern –SV Meppen 7–6 (11 June 1997) | 13 | |||
| Most goals in a game for a player[102] | ||||
| Ottmar Hitzfeld – (VfB Stuttgart –Jahn Regensburg on 13 May 1977) | 6 | |||
The spectator figures since 1992, when the league returned to the single division format:
| Spectators | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Over all | Average | Best supported club | Average |
| 1992–93[103] | 3,098,153 | 5,613 | FC St. Pauli | 14,120 |
| 1993–94[104] | 2,649,849 | 6,973 | 1860 Munich | 19,553 |
| 1994–95[105] | 2,238,271 | 7,315 | FC St. Pauli | 17,211 |
| 1995–96[106] | 2,300,480 | 7,518 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 16,465 |
| 1996–97[107] | 2,731,439 | 8,952 | 1.FC Kaiserslautern | 36,680 |
| 1997–98[108] | 2,843,170 | 9,291 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 24,759 |
| 1998–99[109] | 2,635,431 | 8,613 | Hannover 96 | 19,229 |
| 1999–2000[110] | 3,735,624 | 12,208 | 1. FC Köln | 28,853 |
| 2000–01[111] | 3,218,861 | 10,519 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 23,458 |
| 2001–02[112] | 2,760,839 | 9,022 | Hannover 96 | 20,562 |
| 2002–03[113] | 3,403,895 | 11,124 | 1. FC Köln | 26,459 |
| 2003–04[114] | 2,911,457 | 9,515 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 16,152 |
| 2004–05[115] | 4,135,108 | 13,513 | 1. FC Köln | 38,482 |
| 2005–06[116] | 4,024,776 | 13,153 | 1860 Munich | 41,932 |
| 2006–07[117] | 5,112,072 | 16,706 | 1. FC Köln | 42,194 |
| 2007–08[118] | 5,551,586 | 18,142 | 1. FC Köln | 43,763 |
| 2008–09[119] | 4,814,737 | 15,734 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 34,409 |
| 2009–10[120] | 4,616,048 | 15,085 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 35,398 |
| 2010–11[121] | 4,526,857 | 14,794 | Hertha BSC | 46,131 |
| 2011–12[122] | 5,276,103 | 17,242 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 37,641 |
| 2012–13[123] | 5,274,798 | 17,238 | 1. FC Köln | 40,688 |
| 2013–14[124] | 5,475,652 | 17,894 | 1. FC Köln | 46,176 |
| 2014–15[125] | 5,405,811 | 17,666 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 33,013 |
| 2015–16[126] | 5,857,626 | 19,143 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 30,723 |
| 2016–17[127] | 6,645,406 | 21,717 | VfB Stuttgart | 50,515 |
| 2017–18[128] | 5,380,757 | 17,584 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 30,558 |
| 2018–19[129] | 5,853,246 | 19,128 | 1. FC Köln | 49,547 |
| 2019–20[130] | 4,583,300 | 14,978 | VfB Stuttgart | 39,503[131] |
| 2020–21[132] | 104,547 | 342 | Hannover 96 | 982[133] |
| 2021–22[134] | 4,123,434 | 13,699 | Schalke 04 | 33,528[135] |
| 2022–23[136] | 6,800,413 | 22,224 | Hamburger SV | 53,529 |
| 2023–24[137] | 8,929,748 | 29,182 | Schalke 04 | 61,502 |
The most recent top goal scorers in the league:[138]
| Top scorers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Top scorer(s) | Club(s) | Goals |
| 2012–13 |  Dominick Kumbela | Eintracht Braunschweig | 19 |
| 2013–14 |  Mahir Sağlık / Jakub Sylvestr | Paderborn 07 /Erzgebirge Aue | 15 |
| 2014–15 | Rouwen Hennings | Karlsruher SC | 17 |
| 2015–16 | Simon Terodde | VfL Bochum | 25 |
| 2016–17 | Simon Terodde | VfB Stuttgart | 25 |
| 2017–18 | Marvin Ducksch | Holstein Kiel | 18 |
| 2018–19 | Simon Terodde | 1. FC Köln | 29 |
| 2019–20 | Fabian Klos | Arminia Bielefeld | 21 |
| 2020–21 | Serdar Dursun | Darmstadt 98 | 27 |
| 2021–22 | Simon Terodde | Schalke 04 | 30 |
| 2022–23 | Tim Kleindienst | 1. FC Heidenheim | 25 |
| 2023–24 | Robert Glatzel / Haris Tabaković / Christos Tzolis | Hamburger SV /Hertha BSC /Fortuna Düsseldorf | 22 |
So far, clubs of the 2. Bundesliga have participated in the European Cup six times:
| League competitions | |
|---|---|
| Cup competitions | |
| National teams | |
| By city | |
| Awards | |
| Defunct | |
