2-6-2+2-6-2

South African RailwaysClass GB

Equivalent classifications UIC class 1C1+1C1, 1'C1'+1'C1' French class 131+131 Turkish class 35+35 Swiss class 3/5+3/5, 6/10 from 1920s Russian class 1-3-1+1-3-1

First known tank engine version First use 1912 Country Australia Locomotive L class Railway Tasmanian Government Railways Designer Beyer, Peacock & Company Builder Beyer, Peacock & Company Evolved from 2-6-0+0-6-2

Under theWhyte notation for the classification ofsteam locomotives bywheel arrangement,2-6-2+2-6-2 is anarticulated locomotive using a pair of2-6-2 power units back to back, with theboiler andcab suspended between them. The 2-6-2 wheel arrangement has a single pair ofleading wheels in a leading truck, followed by three coupled pairs ofdriving wheels and a pair of trailing wheels in a trailing truck. This wheel arrangement could be called aDouble Prairie, as all locomotives of this type are effectively two 2-6-2's that always run together.

The2-6-2+2-6-2 wheel arrangement was used onGarratt,Modified Fairlie and Union Garratt locomotives.

The2-6-2+2-6-2 was the second most numerous Garratt wheel arrangement to be built, with altogether 238 examples constructed byBeyer, Peacock & Company (BP) and its licensees. Most of them were built to3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)Cape gauge,1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)metre gauge and the2 ft 6 in (762 mm) or2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauges. None were built to the4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge, but several were built to5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) and5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauges.^[1][2]

The first examples of the type were two3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)2-6-2+2-6-2L class Garratts built for theTasmanian Government Railways in 1912. This wheel arrangement also included the final Garratts to be built by BP, seven2 ft (610 mm)South African Class NG G16 locomotives in 1958.^[1]

The Modified Fairlie was first introduced in South Africa, when theSouth African Railways (SAR) experimented with a modified type ofFairlie locomotive in order to compare the concept to that of theGarratt locomotive in terms of actual performance and maintenance requirements. In essence, the Modified Fairlie was an adaptation of theKitson-Meyer concept. It was similar in appearance to a Garratt, but with the boiler, cab, coal and water bunkers all mounted on a single rigid frame which pivoted on the engine units, with the pivot centers located approximately at the centre of the rigid wheelbase of each engine unit. In the Garratt design, by comparison, the coal and water bunkers are mounted directly on the engine units and swivel with them, while the boiler, firebox and cab are mounted on a rigid frame which is suspended between the two engine units.^[3][4][5][6]

The Union Garratt was a hybrid locomotive, part Garratt and part Modified Fairlie, designed and built for the SAR byMaffei in Munich, Germany. The front end of the locomotive was of a typical Garratt arrangement, with a water tank mounted on the front engine unit’s frame, while the rear end was constructed in the Modified Fairlie fashion, with the coal bunker mounted on a rigid extension of the locomotive’s main frame and with the pivoting rear engine unit positioned beneath the coal bunker.^[3][4]

TheSierra Leone Government Railway acquired altogether 272 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge 2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratt locomotives from BP between 1926 and 1956. Seven were delivered in 1926, 1928 and 1929. Six more followed in 1942 and 1943 and fourteen more in 1955 and 1956.^[1]

Another two were delivered to theSierra Leone Development Corporation in 1937, also from BP.^[1]

The largest user of the type was the South African Railways (SAR) who operated 132 locomotives of this wheel arrangement, spread over fifteen classes. Of these, ten classes were Cape gauge (83 locomotives) and five classes were2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge (49 locomotives). Two of the narrow gauge locomotives were later rebuilt to improve coal combustion and reclassified.^[1][2]

The3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)Cape gauge 2-6-2+2-6-2 locomotives of the SAR entered service between 1921 and 1929.

• In 1921, a single experimentalClass GB Garratt entered service, followed by six more in 1924, designed and built by BP. They were superheated, withBelpaire fireboxes, plate frames andWalschaerts valve gear.^[1][3][4][6]
• In 1923, the New Cape Central Railway (NCCR) placed two Garratts in service, built by BP in 1922 to the design of the Class GB. They were also superheated, with plate frames and Walschaerts valve gear, but heavier and with larger cylinders. In 1925, when the NCCR was amalgamated into the SAR, the two Garratts were designatedClass GK.^[1][4][7][8]
• In 1924, a single experimentalClass FC Modified Fairlie entered service, designed and built byNorth British Locomotive Company (NBL). It had Walschaerts valve gear, a plate frame and was superheated.^[3][4][9]
• In 1924 and 1925, sixClass GC Garratts entered branchline service. They were built by BP in 1924 and were superheated, with Belpaire fireboxes, plate frames and Walschaerts valve gear.^[1][3][4][7]

• In 1925, a singleClass GG Garratt entered service. It was a development of the Class GB with large 57 inches (1,450 millimetres) driving wheels for fast passenger service on mainline duties. Built by BP, it was superheated, with a plate frame, a Belpaire firebox and Walschaerts valve gear. The Class GG was the only Garratt on the SAR to be intended primarily for passenger working.^[1][3][4][7]
• In 1925 and 1926, fourteenClass GD Garratts entered branchline service. Marginally larger and more powerful than their predecessor Class GC and with a higher axle loading, they were built by BP. They were superheated and had plate frames, Belpaire fireboxes and Walschaerts valve gear.^[1][3][4][7]
• In 1926, fourClass FD Modified Fairlies entered service, designed and built by NBL in 1925. They had Walschaerts valve gear, plate frames and were superheated.^[3][4][9]

• In 1927, tenClass U Union Garratt locomotives were placed in service. The locomotives, designed and built by Maffei, were superheated and had Walschaerts valve gear and bar frames.^[2][3][4][7]
• In 1927 and 1928, 39Class GCA Garratts entered branchline service. They were built byFriedrich Krupp of Essen in Germany to the same specifications as the Class GC, but with bar frames, round-topped fireboxes and with water tanks and built-up coal bunkers of a different shape. Like the Class GC, they were superheated and had Walschaerts valve gear.^{[2][3][4][6][7]}
• In 1929, fiveClass GDA Garratts entered branchline service. They were built byLinke-Hofmann Werke in Breslau, Germany, to the same specifications as the Class GD, also superheated and with Walschaerts valve gear, but with bar frames, differently shaped coal and water bunkers and round-topped fireboxes.^[2][3][4][7]

The South African2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge 2-6-2+2-6-2 locomotives entered service between 1927 and 1968. Two were rebuilt in 1989 and 1990 and reclassified.

• In 1927, twoClass NG G12 Garratts entered service, the smallest Garratts to see service in South Africa. Ordered from BP in 1927, their construction was sub-contracted to Belgian locomotive buildersSociété Franco-Belge. They were superheated, with outside plate frames, Walschaerts valve gear and round-topped fireboxes.^{[1][2][4][10]}
• In 1927 and 1928, twelveClass NG G13 Garratts entered service on theLangkloof andHarding narrow gauge lines. Designed and built byHannoversche Maschinenbau AG (Hanomag) in consultation with the SAR, the type was to become the standard narrow gauge Garratt in South Africa for the next forty years. They were superheated, with outside bar frames and round-topped fireboxes, and with an extremely compact arrangement of Walschaerts valve gear. The leading wheels were arranged as conventionalpony trucks, while the inner trailing wheels were built to theGölsdorf system which allowed the axle some lateral movement.^{[1][2][4][6][7]}
• In 1931, a single lightClass NG G14 Garratt entered service. Built by Hanomag in 1930, it was similar to but slightly larger than theClass NG G12, also superheated but with larger bore cylinders, an outside bar frame and a round-topped firebox.^[2][4][7]

• Between 1937 and 1968, 34Class NG G16 Garratts were placed in service, spread over five orders from three manufacturers. It was almost identical to the Class NG G13, but with all leading and trailing wheels fitted with roller bearing axle boxes and arranged aspony trucks.Société Anonyme John Cockerill ofBelgium delivered four in 1937. Another 22 were built by BP in 1939, 1951 and 1958, the last seven being the last steam locomotives to be built by BP. The final eight locomotives in 1968 were the last new steam locomotives to be ordered by the SAR and were built by Hunslet-Taylor inGermiston,Transvaal.^{[1][2][4][6][7]}
• In 1989 and 1990, two Class NG G16 Garratts were rebuilt by theAlfred County Railway to incorporate a gas producing combustion system (GPCS) and were reclassified toClass NG G16A. The rebuilding was done by mechanical engineer Phil Girdlestone, using technology similar to that used by mechanical engineer David Wardale in the creation of theClass 26Red Devil in 1980.^[4][11][12]

With altogether 46 locomotives of this wheel arrangement, all built by BP, the second largest user of the2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratt was theRhodesia Railways (RR) ofSouthern Rhodesia, which also operated inNorthern Rhodesia andMozambique.^[1]

In 1926, twelve 13th Class 2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratts were ordered by the Beira and Mashonaland and Rhodesia Railways (BMR). They were based atUmtali inSouthern Rhodesia to work the difficult section of theBeira line into Mozambique between Umtali and Vila Machado. In 1930, these locomotives were replaced on this duty by 14th Class Garratts, after which they were mainly based atSalisbury in Southern Rhodesia until their withdrawal from service.^[13][14]

The 13th class also operated inNorthern Rhodesia, with a couple being allocated for short periods toLivingstone. Two locomotives were also hired out to the Rhokana Corporation copper mine atNkana inKitwe, Northern Rhodesia. These two locomotives were eventually purchased by the mine, one coming to a tragic end in 1950 when it struck a lorry loaded with explosives at a level crossing, causing many deaths since the train carried miners going on shift in an open wagon.^[13][14]

In 1929, the success of the 13th Class led to an improved version being ordered by RR, which the BMR had now become. While of the same wheel arrangement and similar power output as the 13th class locomotives, these sixteen had, amongst other improvements, bar instead of plate frames and round-topped instead ofBelpaire fireboxes. These were designated the 14th Class and all of them were initially allocated to Umtali to replace the 13th class Garratts on the line to Vila Machado in Mozambique. From 1939, some of the class were transferred for branchline work in Southern Rhodesia at the Salisbury,Bulawayo andGwelo depots.^[13][14]

In October 1949, the Beira line in Mozambique was taken over by the state-ownedCaminhos de Ferro de Moçambique (CFM). At the same time, the CFM purchased a number of locomotives from RR, including eight 14th Class Garratts, which continued to work on the Beira line from the new depot atGondola in Mozambique.^[13][14]

In 1950, RR ordered a modernised version of the 14th Class for branchline work in Southern Rhodesia. There were eighteen of them and they were designated the 14A Class. From 1979, they were refurbished for shunting work, receiving roller bearings on the driving and coupled axles and, in many cases, larger water tanks and coal bunkers. By 2012 this class, now on the roster of theNational Railways of Zimbabwe, still saw occasional service on Bulawayo shunt duties.^[13][14]

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