 Replica of thePlanet at the Manchester Science Museum | |||||||||||||||
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Under theWhyte notation for the classification ofsteam locomotives,2-2-0 represents thewheel arrangement of twoleading wheels on one axle, two powereddriving wheels on one axle, and notrailing wheels. This configuration, which became very popular during the 1830s, was commonly called thePlanet type after the first locomotive,Robert Stephenson'sPlanet of 1830.
Other equivalent classifications are:
After early experience with the0-2-2 configuration on theLiverpool and Manchester Railway,Robert Stephenson decided to build a locomotive with cylinders inside theframes, for which a 2-2-0 was preferable.[1]The first such locomotive wasPlanet, built in 1830 and the company went on to build a further eighteen examples for the railway. In 1835 five examples were supplied to theLondon and Greenwich Railway.[2] After 1836Edward Bury built sixty-ninebar frame 2-2-0 locomotives for theLondon and Birmingham Railway.[3] The steam roller and traction engine companyAveling and Porter built a number of 2-2-0 locomotives, some of which were convertible traction engines.[4]
Tom Thumb, the first American-built steam locomotive used on a common-carrier railroad, built by Peter Cooper in 1830 was a gear-driven 2-2-0, but the type was not perpetuated.
TheDublin and Kingstown Railway used 2-2-0 in 1834 includingHibernia designed byRichard Roberts and built bySharp, Roberts and Company, andVauxhall builtGeorge Forrester and Company.[5]
The first Russian-built steam locomotive was a 2-2-0 built by theCherepanovs (father and son) in 1833-1834.[6]
By 1840 the 2-2-0 tender type had largely been superseded by the2-2-2 configuration. However, there are a few examples of latertank engines, thusWilliam Bridges Adams of theFairfield Locomotive Works (51°31′52″N0°01′19″W / 51.5312°N 0.0219°W /51.5312; -0.0219) inBow supplied a 2-2-0well tank to theRoman Railway in 1850.[7] AlsoDugald Drummond of theLondon and South Western Railway introduced hisC14 class 2-2-0T in 1906, forAuto trains, but this design was not successful and several of the locomotives were rebuilt to0-4-0.