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1999 Nobel Prizes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The1999Nobel Prizes were awarded by theNobel Foundation, based inSweden. Six categories were awarded:Physics,Chemistry,Physiology or Medicine,Literature,Peace, andEconomic Sciences.[1]

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled inOslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day inStockholm.[2]

Prizes

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Physics

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Awardee(s)
Gerard 't Hooft

(b. 1946)

Dutch"for elucidating the quantum structure ofelectroweak interactions in physics"[3]
Martinus J. G. Veltman

(1931–2021)

Chemistry

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Awardee(s)
Ahmed Zewail

(1946–2016)

Egyptian

American

"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions usingfemtosecond spectroscopy"[4]

Physiology or Medicine

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Awardee(s)
Günter Blobel

(1936–2018)

United States"for the discovery thatproteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"[5]

Literature

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Main article:1999 Nobel Prize in Literature
Awardee(s)
Günter Grass

(1927–2015)

Germany

(born inFree City of Danzig)

"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history"[6]

Peace

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Awardee(s)
Médecins Sans Frontières  Switzerland"in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents."[7]

Economic Sciences

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Awardee(s)
Robert Mundell

(1932–2021)

Canada"for his analysis ofmonetary andfiscal policy under differentexchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"[8]

References

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  1. ^"All Nobel Prizes".NobelPrize.org. Retrieved2024-12-11.
  2. ^"The Nobel Peace Prize 1999".NobelPrize.org. Retrieved2024-12-11.
  3. ^"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999".Nobel Foundation.Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved9 October 2008.
  4. ^"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999". Nobel Foundation.Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved6 October 2008.
  5. ^"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999". Nobel Foundation.Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Retrieved28 July 2007.
  6. ^"Nobel Prize in Literature 1999". Nobel Foundation.Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved2008-10-17.
  7. ^"The Nobel Peace Prize 1999". Nobel Foundation.Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved2018-08-21.
  8. ^"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1999". Nobel Foundation.Archived from the original on 2008-10-19. Retrieved2008-10-14.
1999Nobel Prize laureates
Chemistry
Literature (1999)
Peace
Physics
Physiology or Medicine
Economic Sciences
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1999_Nobel_Prizes&oldid=1315378546"
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