 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered | 2,399,197 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnout | 72.16% ( 1.48pp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Results by department Results by province | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|---|
 Bolivia portal |
General elections were held inBolivia on 6 June 1993.[1] As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, theNational Congress was required to elect a president on 4 August.Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada of the MNR-MRTKL alliance was subsequently elected unopposed.
Prior to the elections, theRevolutionary Left Movement (MIR) of incumbentJaime Paz Zamora and theNationalist Democratic Action (ADN) of ex-presidentHugo Banzer formed thePatriotic Accord (AP) alliance. Hugo Banzer, in his fifth bid for the presidency, was presented as the Patriotic Accord's candidate in the election.
Banzer's primary opponent was the returningRevolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) candidate Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. The MNR's alliance with theRevolutionary Liberation Movement Tupaq Katari (MRTKL) sawVíctor Hugo Cárdenas, an indigenousAymara, chosen as Sánchez de Lozada's running mate in an attempt to appeal to Bolivia'sindigenous population.
The AP was faced with the negative image of corruption faced by Paz Zamora's government and the defensive campaign of Hugo Banzer. Two factors which made the MNR the clear front runner to win the election.[2]
The campaign also saw the emergence of the "neo-populist"Max Fernández [es] andCarlos Palenque candidates who drew the support of sector of the population discontented with the mainstream political parties. Palenque ofConscience of Fatherland (CONDEPA), in his second run, campaigned on a platform of returning to the ideals of the 1952 National Revolution.Solidarity Civic Unity (UCS), in the party's first presidential run, presented Max Fernández.[3]
Prior to the elections theNationalist Democratic Action andRevolutionary Left Movement parties formed thePatriotic Accord alliance, whilst eight left-wing parties continued theUnited Left coalition.[4]
A total of 14 candidates were presented for the presidential election.
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada won the popular vote by 35.56% to Hugo Banzer's 21.05%. The CONDEPA and UCS candidates won a similar number of votes with a 0.52% difference between Max Fernández and Carlos Palenque. The remaining 10 candidates won 15.34% of the vote between them.
  | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Presidential candidate | Votes | % | Seats | |||||
| Chamber | +/– | Senate | +/– | ||||||
| MNR–MRTKL | Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada | 585,837 | 35.55 | 52 | +12 | 17 | +8 | ||
| Patriotic Accord | Hugo Banzer | 346,865 | 21.05 | 35 | –36 | 8 | –8 | ||
| Conscience of Fatherland | Carlos Palenque | 235,427 | 14.29 | 13 | +4 | 1 | –1 | ||
| Solidarity Civic Unity | Max Fernández [es] | 226,816 | 13.77 | 20 | New | 1 | New | ||
| Free Bolivia Movement | Antonio Araníbar Quiroga | 88,260 | 5.36 | 7 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Bolivian Renewal Alliance | Casiano Ancalle Choque | 30,867 | 1.87 | 1 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Alternative to Democratic Socialism | Jerjes Justiniano Talavera | 30,286 | 1.84 | 1 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Revolutionary Vanguard of 9 April [es] | Carlos Serrate [es] | 21,100 | 1.28 | 0 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Bolivian Socialist Falange | José Mario Serrate Paz | 20,947 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pachakuti Axis | Félix Cárdenas Aguilar [es] | 18,176 | 1.10 | 1 | New | 0 | New | ||
| United Left | Ramiro Velasco Romero | 16,137 | 0.98 | 0 | –10 | 0 | 0 | ||
| National Katarista Movement | Fernando Untoja Choque | 12,627 | 0.77 | 0 | New | 0 | New | ||
| National Organisation of Independents | Oscar Bonifáz | 8,096 | 0.49 | 0 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Democratic Federalist Movement | Carlos Valverde | 6,269 | 0.38 | 0 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Total | 1,647,710 | 100.00 | 130 | 0 | 27 | 0 | |||
| Valid votes | 1,647,710 | 95.17 | |||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 83,599 | 4.83 | |||||||
| Total votes | 1,731,309 | 100.00 | |||||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,399,197 | 72.16 | |||||||
| Department | PA | MNR-MRTKL | UCS | CONDEPA | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beni | 36.93% | 41.40% | 11.52% | 1.25% | 8.89% |
| Chuquisaca | 26.23% | 31.95% | 12.67% | 2.52% | 26.62% |
| Cochabamba | 21.05% | 40.45% | 18.75% | 3.73% | 16.02% |
| La Paz | 13.85% | 31.33% | 10.52% | 30.58% | 13.72% |
| Oruro | 18.24% | 33.27% | 20.31% | 11.71% | 16.47% |
| Pando | 50.72% | 33.09% | 6.96% | 0.43% | 8.80% |
| Potosi | 22.58% | 30.65% | 19.48% | 6.29% | 21.00% |
| Santa Cruz | 26.98% | 40.52% | 13.01% | 4.35% | 15.15% |
| Tarija | 30.29% | 42.34% | 13.79% | 1.76% | 11.82% |
| Source:Constituency-Level Election Archive | |||||
On 6 August 1993, the National Congress convened to elect the president. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was the only candidate voted on, and was supported by his MNR-MRTKL alliance as well as the UCS andMBL. All others parties abstained from voting.[5] Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was elected president while Víctor Hugo Cárdenas became Bolivia's first indigenousvice president.
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | 97 | 100.00 | |
| Total | 97 | 100.00 | ||
| Total votes | 97 | – | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 157 | 61.78 | ||
| Source: Morales[5] | ||||
| Presidential elections | |
|---|---|
| Legislative elections | |
| Local elections | |
| Judicial elections | |
| Ombudsman elections | |
| Referendums | |
.jpg)
