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| 1992 JNA Column Ambush in Tuzla | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theBosnian War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |  FR Yugoslavia | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Ilija Jurišić | Mile Dubajić | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Bosnian Army Tuzla Brigade | JNA 92nd Motorised Brigade | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| ~3,000 soldiers | ~215–600 soldiers | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | 54 killed 44 wounded | ||||||
The1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Tuzla, also known asTuzla column (Serbo-Croatian:Tuzlanska kolona,Тузланска колона) was an attack on the 92nd Motorized Brigade of theYugoslav People's Army (JNA) in the Bosnian city ofTuzla on 15 May 1992. The incident occurred at the road junction of Brčanska Malta. At least 54 soldiers of the JNA were killed and 44 wounded during the attacks.[1][2] What started off as a peaceful retreat by agreement with local authorities ended in an ambush, whenPatriotic League,Green Berets attacked the column. It was a repeat of asimilar incident that occurred in Sarajevo a week prior.[3]
When theBosnian War broke out in April 1992, there were four types of federal and Serb armed forces inBosnia and Herzegovina. These were; the Yugoslav people's Army (JNA), volunteer units raised by the JNA, Bosnian Serb Territorial Defense (TO) detachments, and Bosnian Serb Ministry of Internal Affairs Police (MUP).[4] With the withdrawal of the JNA fromSlovenia and much ofCroatia, by early April 1992 the JNA in western Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina had around 100,000–110,000 troops, equipped with about 500 tanks, 400 medium artillery pieces, 48 multiple rocket launchers, and 350 120 mm mortars. In addition, the JNA had 120 fighter-bombers, 40 light helicopters and 30 transport helicopters. The Bosnian Serb MUP totalled about 15,000, including active, special and reserve police.[5] From March 1991, the leaders ofBosniak-basedParty of Democratic Action (SDA) had been developing an armed force called the "Patriotic League of People's" orPatriotic League, and despite an arms embargo, weapons began to be issued in August 1991. By April 1992, the Patriotic League numbered around 40,000 troops, in nine regional commands, one of which was reportedly headquartered in Tuzla.[5]
When the war broke out, theBosnia and Herzegovina TO was mobilised, but the JNA refused to return its weaponry, which it had confiscated in 1990. Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats had already left the JNA.[6] The priority for the JNA was the security of its bases, as this had proven to be a vulnerability during theBattle of the Barracks inCroatian War of Independence.[7] At the beginning of April, a number of towns in north-eastern Bosnia fell in quick succession to a combination of JNA, Serb volunteer and Bosnian Serb forces. These includedBijeljina,[8]Zvornik,[9]Višegrad,[10] andFoča.[11] On 15 April, Bosnian MUP and TO seized the arms, ammunition and equipment of the Tuzla Regional TO in the towns ofSrebrenik,Lukavac and in Tuzla itself.[12] By the end of the month, the Bosnian Government had re-organised the Bosnia and Herzegovina TO, incorporating the troops of the Patriotic League. In total, the new force had around 100,000 men, but only about 40,000–50,000 small arms and virtually no heavy weapons.[13]
On May 15, 1992, Yugoslav People’s Army forces in Tuzla were pulling out of their barracks inHusinsko Brdo in Tuzla and were heading towards Bijeljina, which was under Serb control since late 1991. There was an exchange of fire with local Territorial Defence and police forces at the Brcanska Malta crossroads.[14] After an attempt to leave at 14:00, the convoy was stopped at a checkpoint by elements of the Bosnia and Herzegovina TO, and was sent back to the barracks. The column left the barracks again at 19:00, heading north-east towardsBijeljina via theBrčko road. The lead vehicle contained the commander of the JNA garrison, Lieutenant Colonel Mile Dubajić, and his vehicle was followed by one containing members of the Bosnia and Herzegovina TO. When the convoy reached the intersection with the road leading east toSimin Han, it came under small arms fire from members of the Bosnia and Herzegovina TO.[citation needed]
According to an indictment issued by the Office of the War Crimes Prosecutor of the Republic of Serbia in the District Court of Belgrade War Crimes Chamber on 9 November 2007, at least 92 members of the JNA were killed in the attack on the convoy, a further 33 were wounded, and a number of military vehicles, including ambulances, were also destroyed. The names of those killed and wounded in the attack were listed in the indictment.[15]
Years later, the Serbian War Crimes Prosecutor's Office indicted former head of Tuzla public security, an ethnicCroat[16] Ilija Jurišić, on suspicion that he committed a war crime by allegedly ordering the attack. The case was dismissed before Bosnian courts.[17] He was arrested at theBelgrade Airport in May 2007 and was found guilty of improper battlefield conduct in 2009 and sentenced to 12 years in prison.[2] In October 2010, an appeals court later overturned the sentence.[18] The Belgrade Appeals Court ordered a re-trial and released him from detention.[18][19] Tuzla citizens have continued to express their support for Ilija Jurišić.[20] Subsequently, Jurišić was welcomed by a large crowd upon his return to Tuzla on 11 October 2010 after his sentence was overturned.[21] The re-trial was held and he was sentenced again to 12 years in prison.[19] On 2 April 2015, an appeal commenced against the result of the re-trial.[22] In March 2016, his conviction was again overturned.[23]
The city of Tuzla celebrates 15 May as "City Liberation Day".[24]
The same plan of 3 May on Dobrovoljacka Street was also prepared in Skoj Street in Tuzla on 15 May 1992. The Muslims had also guaranteed the safety of a column of soldiers and officers who were being moved out of their barracks only to..
