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1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team

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U.S. Olympic team (1992)

1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team
Head coachChuck Daly
1992 Summer Olympics
Scoring leaderUnited StatesCharles Barkley[1]
18.0
Rebounding leaderUnited StatesKarl Malone 5.3
United StatesPatrick Ewing
5.3
Assists leaderUnited StatesScottie Pippen
5.9
← 1988
1996 →

Themen's national basketball team of theUnited States competed at the1992 Summer Olympics inBarcelona, Spain, and won the gold medal. Nicknamed the "Dream Team", it was the first American Olympic team to include activeprofessional players from theNational Basketball Association (NBA). Team USA defeated its opponents by an average of 44 points en route to winning the gold medal round againstCroatia.[2][3] The team has often been described as the greatest sports team ever assembled.[4][5][6]

The team was collectively inducted into theU.S. Olympic Hall of Fame in 2009, theNaismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010, and theFIBA Hall of Fame in 2017. The Naismith Hall of Fame calls the team "the greatest collection of basketball talent on the planet".[7] In addition to the team induction, 11 players and three coaches have been inducted individually into the Naismith Hall of Fame.

Forming the team

Background

Before the 1992 Olympics,FIBA rules barred players from the United States'National Basketball Association from participating in Olympic tournaments, and only amateurs were eligible for the U.S. Olympic teams, which were composed of collegiate and, especially in the 1950s,AAU players. Other countries used their best players from their domestic professional leagues.[8] In the1988 Summer Olympics, the Americans lost to theUSSR and settled for bronze, their worst finish in the history of the Games.[9]

On 7 April 1989, at a special congress in Munich after the1988–89 FIBA European Champions Cup finals, FIBA delegates voted, 56-13, to allow professional basketball players to participate in its international events, including the World Cup and the Olympics. TheAmateur Basketball Association of the United States of America (ABAUSA, renamed USA Basketball after the vote) voted against the move due to "colleges and high schools that make up most of [ABAUSA's] constituency [opposing] it." A Soviet proposal to limit the national teams to only two NBA players for the first few years was unanimously rejected.[10][11]

The decision led to professional players, particularly those from the NBA, dominating the sport at the highest levels of international competition. The change also warded off competition from theGoodwill Games, the biggest rival of the Olympics at the time, which was seeking to bring professional players into its basketball events.[12][13][14]

Selections

USA Basketball asked the NBA to supply players for its 1992 roster;[15] the league was initially unenthusiastic about this idea.[8]

The notion that the NBA wanted to redeem the 1988 loss? Patently wrong. From our view, we were stuck with playing in the Olympics. We didn't see it becoming the phenomenon that it became.[8]

— NBA CommissionerDavid Stern on the NBA's initial lack of enthusiasm for playing the Olympics

Jordan receiving a ball from a referee
Michael Jordan was offered a co-captainship but he deferred to Bird and Johnson

The first ten players for the team were selected on September 21, 1991:Michael Jordan andScottie Pippen of theChicago Bulls,John Stockton andKarl Malone of theUtah Jazz,Magic Johnson of theLos Angeles Lakers,Larry Bird of theBoston Celtics,Patrick Ewing of theNew York Knicks,Chris Mullin of theGolden State Warriors,David Robinson of theSan Antonio Spurs, andCharles Barkley of thePhiladelphia 76ers.[16]

On the cover of its issue of February 18, 1992,Sports Illustrated labeled the forthcoming American roster as the "Dream Team".[17][15]

On May 12, 1992,Clyde Drexler of thePortland Trail Blazers was chosen overIsiah Thomas of theDetroit Pistons for the final professional roster spot.[8] As an acknowledgment to the previous amateur system, the U.S. basketball committee decided to include one collegiate player on the team:[18][19]Christian Laettner ofDuke University was added on May 12, 1992, chosen overLouisiana State University'sShaquille O'Neal.[20]

Most of the players on the team were at or near the peaks of their NBA careers.[21] Bird had back trouble, but was selected due to the team's historic nature. Robinson had played with the1988 Olympic team and was eager to earn a gold medal at Barcelona.[22]

Johnson had retired from the Lakers in November 1991 after testing positive forHIV, the virus that causes AIDS. His teammates expected Johnson to die from the disease, and he later described his selection for the Olympics as "almost like a life saver", evidence that he could still overcome the illness and live a productive life.[17] The Australian Olympic delegation threatened to boycott the games in protest of Johnson's presence, fearing that he might infect other athletes. Their threats backfired, however, as Johnson received even more public support.[23] Ewing, Jordan, and Mullin had won gold at the 1984 games; Malone had not made the team and saw his non-selection in 1984 as a challenge.[8]

Jordan declined head coachChuck Daly's suggestion that Jordan serve as the public face of the team, and Bird and Johnson were selected as co-captains.[17] Over the previous 13 NBA seasons leading up to the 1992 Olympics, these three superstars had won 10 NBA championships and received sevenNBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards and nineregular-season MVP awards.

Isiah Thomas left off team

There was speculation that Isiah Thomas was not part of the team because Jordan would participate only if Thomas was not on the roster. At the time, it was widely believed that Jordan did not like Thomas because he was seen as the "ring leader" of the Detroit Pistons of the late 1980s and early 1990s; nicknamed the "Bad Boys", the team employedovertly physical tactics against Jordan in theNBA Playoffs. In his 2012 bookDream Team, authorJack McCallum quotes Jordan as saying to Team USA selection committee memberRod Thorn, "Rod, I don't want to play if Isiah Thomas is on the team".[24] In 2020, Thorn and Jordan denied directly mentioning Thomas's name in discussions.[25][26] According to Jordan in the documentary seriesThe Last Dance, he asked Thorn, "Who's all playing?"[25] to which Thorn responded, "The guy you're thinking about is not going to be playing."[25]

After the selection of the first ten members of the team, Johnson released an official statement in support of Thomas, but years later it was discovered that his support was less than enthusiastic. In the bookWhen the Game Was Ours, Johnson said, "Isiah killed his own chances when it came to the Olympics. Nobody on that team wanted to play with him."[27]

Laettner's selection over O'Neal

Christian Laettner (pictured in 2014) was chosen to represent college athletics.

The selection committee considered several college players, includingHarold Miner,Jimmy Jackson, andAlonzo Mourning in addition toShaquille O'Neal andChristian Laettner.[28] O'Neal was the number-one pick in the1992 NBA draft, but Laettner'sDuke Blue Devils teams won consecutive National Championships in 1991 and 1992. Coached byMike Krzyzewski, who also was a first-time assistant coach for the Olympic program, Laettner was theNaismith College Player of the Year and scoredthe game-winning basket as time expired in the 1992 NCAA Eastern Regional final. Although O'Neal was a two-time Consensus NCAA First Team All-American in 1991 and 1992, his team lost in the second round of the1992 NCAA men's tournament. Laettner's college success and coach's endorsement ultimately secured his position on the team.[29]

Success on the court

Early scrimmages

To help the team prepare for the Olympics, a squad of the bestNCAA college players was formed to scrimmage them. USA Basketball selected players whose style of play, it hoped, would resemble that of the Europeans the Dream Team would face. Members included the penetrating guardBobby Hurley, all-around playersGrant Hill andPenny Hardaway, outside shooterAllan Houston, and the toughChris Webber andEric Montross.[17] Hill and Hardaway would play for the1996 national team, and Houston on the2000 team.[30][31]

The Dream Team first gathered inLa Jolla, California, in late June, astounding and intimidating the collegians who watched them practice. However, on June 24, the Dream Team lost to the NCAA team, 62–54, after underestimating the opposition.[8] Daly intentionally limited Jordan's playing time and made non-optimal substitutions; assistant coachMike Krzyzewski later said that the head coach "threw the game" to teach the NBA players that they could be beaten. The teams played again the following day, with the Olympians winning decisively in the rematch.[32] Some of the college players visited Jordan's hotel room afterward and asked their hero for his personal items as souvenirs.[8]

Tournament of the Americas

The Dream Team made its international debut on June 28 at theTournament of the Americas, an Olympic qualifying event inPortland, Oregon.[8] The team defeatedCuba 136–57, prompting Cuban coachMiguel Calderón Gómez to say, "You can't cover the sun with your finger."[33]Marv Albert, who announced the game, recalled that "it was as if [the Americans] were playing a high school team, or grade school team. They were so overwhelming...a blowout after blowout."[17] The Cubans were the first of many opponents who were more interested in taking photos with the Americans than playing them.[8] The next five games were also easy victories for Team USA, which ended the tournament on July 5 with a 127–80 victory overVenezuela in the championship game to win the tournament and be one of four Americas squads to qualify for the Olympics.[34]

Olympics

Robinson taking a shot
David Robinson taking a free throw

The team trained for theOlympics inMonaco for six days, practicing two hours a day and playing exhibition games against other national teams. During their time away from the court, the squad spent time enjoying thenude beaches,Monte Carlo's casinos,[21] and dining with royalty.[8] There was no curfew; as Daly stated, "I'm not putting in a curfew because I'd have to adhere to it, and Jimmy'z [a noted Monte Carlo nightclub] doesn't open until midnight."[21]

For one scrimmage, the group divided into two teams: Blue (led by Johnson, with Barkley, Robinson, Mullin, and Laettner) and White (led by Jordan, with Malone, Ewing, Pippen, and Bird). Drexler and Stockton did not play because of injuries.[a][21][36] Daly told the teams to play "All you got now. All you got." White won, 40 to 36, in what Jordan recalled as "the best game I was ever in" andSports Illustrated later called "the Greatest Game Nobody Ever Saw".[21]

Because of security concerns due to the team's celebrity, the Dream Team did not stay in theOlympic Village.[37] The Olympic Village had only four guards at the gate when the team arrived to pick up their credentials; one of the guards, upon seeing the Dream Team, grabbed his camera and his child while the team members were mobbed by other Olympic athletes. Daly also stated that the beds in the Village were too short to allow his tall players to get proper rest.[38]

As a result, the team stayed at Barcelona's Hotel Ambassador, where USA Basketball occupied 80 of the hotel's 98 rooms.[37] Fans were not allowed to enter the lobby, but did gather outside the hotel, hoping to see their favorite players. "It was likeElvis andthe Beatles put together," Daly said.[39] Opposing basketball players and athletes from other sports often asked to have photographs taken with the players.[40][21]

In an interview years later, Charles Barkley recounted that "we got death threats".[41] Despite that assertion, Barkley walked around the city alone. When asked where his bodyguards were, he held up his fists and answered, "This is my security."[8]

Charles Barkley proved controversial due to his aggressive gameplay and trash talking. He ended up being the highest-scoring member of the team.

Jordan was the only player who studied the opposition, carefully watching game tapes.[8] He and the other Americans enjoyed the opportunity to get to know each other in a casual setting, often playing cards all night and, for Jordan, playing several rounds of golf daily with little rest.[17]

Opposing teams were overwhelmed by the Americans, losing by an average of 43.8 points per game. This was the second-largest Olympic Games point differential, surpassed only by the 53.5 point-per-game margin achieved by the1956 US Men's Basketball Team. The Dream Team was the first to score more than 100 points in every game. Its 117.3 average was more than 15 points higher than that of the 1960 US team.[42] Johnson later recalled, "I look to my right, there's Michael Jordan...I look to my left, there's Charles Barkley or Larry Bird...I didn't know who to throw the ball to!"[17][6]

In a press conference before the team's first Olympic game againstAngola, Barkley quipped, "I don't know anything about Angola. But Angola's in trouble."[43]Herlander Coimbra of Angola recalled that "those guys were on another level—a galaxy far, far away".[8] During the game, Barkley elbowed Coimbra in the chest and was unapologetic after the game, claiming he was hit first. Barkley was called for an intentional foul on the play. Coimbra's resulting free throw was the only point scored by Angola during a 46–1 run by the US.[44]

The U.S. team won, 116–48, but its global reputation was damaged by Barkley's elbow. After the game, Jordan said, "There just wasn't any place for it. We were dominating the game. It created mixed feelings, it caused a mixed reaction about the U.S. There's already some negative feelings about us." The incident changed the narrative; instead of the Americans being viewed as a highly skilled team beating an underdog, some viewed them as bullies.[45][46]

Daly started Jordan in every game, and Johnson started in five of the six games he played, missing two games because of knee problems.[47] Pippen, Bird, Mullin, Robinson, Ewing, Malone, and Barkley rotated in the other starting spots.[8] Barkley was the Dream Team's leading scorer during the Olympics, averaging 18.0 points per game.[48] The player-selection committee had been unsure about including him, worried that he would not represent the United States well.[8]

The closest of the eight matches was Team USA's 117–85 victory overCroatia in the gold medal game. Croatia, participating as an independent nation in the Olympics for the first time since its separation from the formerYugoslavia, briefly led the Dream Team by a score of 25–23 in the first half.[42][49] By the end of the game, Team USA had pulled away and Stockton agreed to a Croatian player's plea not to shoot.[50] Pippen and Jordan aggressively sought the opportunity to guardToni Kukoč of Croatia. He had just signed a contract with the Bulls for more money than Pippen, who believed that the team's negotiation with the Croatian had delayed his own contract. Tired of hearing about Kukoč's talent, Pippen and Jordan agreed to, as Jordan later said, "not...let this guy doanything against us." McCallum described the two Bulls as "rabid dogs" against Kukoč.[8][17] Croatia had lost to the Dream Team 103–70 in their first game. The only team besides Croatia to hold the margin under 40 points wasPuerto Rico, which lost 115–77 in the quarterfinals.

Legacy

Mike Krzyzewski returned to coach the United States men's basketball several times after the 1992 Olympics.

Sports Illustrated later stated that the Dream Team was "arguably the most dominant squad ever assembled in any sport" and compared it to "Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison, theAllman Brothers at the Fillmore East,Santana atWoodstock."[21] In 2009, the team was elected to theU.S. Olympic & Paralympic Hall of Fame. The following year, the team was elected to theNaismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.[51] It was elected to theFIBA Hall of Fame in 2017.[52]

Barkley later said, "I don't think there's anything better to representing your country. I don't think anything in my life can come close to that." Bird called the medal ceremony and the playing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" "the ultimate experience". Johnson said, "The 92 Dream Team was the greatest moment of my life in terms of basketball, bar none." Jordan said that the biggest benefit for him from the Olympics was that he learned more about his teammates' weaknesses. His Chicago Bulls teams later defeated Barkley, Malone, and Stockton's teams in three NBA finals.[17] As of 2014, 11 of the 12 players on the roster (all except Laettner)[53] and three of the four coaches (all except Carlesimo) have been elected to the Hall of Fame as individuals.

Global interest in basketball soared due to the Dream Team.[17]International Olympic Committee presidentJuan Antonio Samaranch stated that "the most important aspect of the [Barcelona] Games has been the resounding success of the basketball tournament, as we've witnessed the best basketball in the world."[50] Daly said of the opposing teams "They'll go home and for the rest of their lives be able to tell their kids, 'I played against Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson and Larry Bird.' And the more they play against our best players, the more confident they're going to get".[54] Subsequently, the number ofinternational players in the NBA rose. On opening day of the1991–92 season, NBA rosters included 23 international players from 18 countries. At the start of the2011–12 season, there were 74 players from 35 countries.[55][56]

Roster

USA Basketball Men's National Team roster
PlayersCoaches
Pos.#NameAgeHeightWeightFrom
PF4Laettner, Christian226 ft 11 in (2.11 m)235 lb (107 kg)Duke Blue Devils
C5Robinson, David267 ft 1 in (2.16 m)235 lb (107 kg)San Antonio Spurs
C6Ewing, Patrick297 ft 0 in (2.13 m)240 lb (110 kg)New York Knicks
SF7Bird, Larry356 ft 9 in (2.06 m)220 lb (100 kg)Boston Celtics
SF8Pippen, Scottie266 ft 8 in (2.03 m)210 lb (95 kg)Chicago Bulls
SG9Jordan, Michael296 ft 6 in (1.98 m)198 lb (90 kg)Chicago Bulls
SG10Drexler, Clyde306 ft 7 in (2.01 m)222 lb (101 kg)Portland Trail Blazers
PF11Malone, Karl286 ft 9 in (2.06 m)256 lb (116 kg)Utah Jazz
PG12Stockton, John306 ft 1 in (1.85 m)175 lb (79 kg)Utah Jazz
SF13Mullin, Chris286 ft 7 in (2.01 m)215 lb (98 kg)Golden State Warriors
PF14Barkley, Charles296 ft 6 in (1.98 m)250 lb (110 kg)Phoenix Suns
PG15Johnson, Magic326 ft 9 in (2.06 m)220 lb (100 kg)Los Angeles Lakers[i]

Head coach

Assistant coach(es)


Legend:

  • From – describes teams affiliated
    during the Olympics
  1. ^By the time the roster was announced, Johnson had already retired from professional basketball.

Tournament of the Americas results

The team was undefeated, with their closest margin of victory being 38 points over Puerto Rico.[57]

Tournament of the Americas results
GameDateUSA pointsOpponent
points
OpponentPoint
differential
1June 28, 199213657 Cuba79
2June 29, 199210561 Canada44
3June 30, 199211252 Panama60
4July 1, 199212887 Argentina41
5July 3, 199211981 Puerto Rico38
6July 5, 199212780 Venezuela
(gold medal game)
47

Tournament statistics

Player tournament statistics
PlayerGPFGMFGAFG%3PM3PA3P%FTMFTAFT%REB/AVGPTS/AVGASTBLKSTL
Charles Barkley63458.58625.4002833.84840/6.798/16.310112
Larry Bird2811.72734.75000.0007/3.519/9.5203
Clyde Drexler52739.692511.4551012.83313/2.669/13.83325
Patrick Ewing52743.62800.00058.62526/5.259/11.82106
Magic Johnson61934.55939.3331720.85025/4.258/9.75407
Michael Jordan62953.547923.391912.75023/3.876/12.730511
Christian Laettner61831.58137.42958.62516/2.744/7.3203
Karl Malone63353.62300.0002339.59035/5.889/14.8945
Chris Mullin63149.6331530.500914.64318/3.086/14.31419
Scottie Pippen62030.66726.33369.66726/4.348/8.03728
David Robinson63242.76200.000713.53832/5.371/11.85115
John Stockton256.83301.00000.0001/0.510/5.01201

Olympics results

The team was again undefeated, with their closest outing being the 32-point victory over Croatia for the gold medal.[3]

Angola  v United States
July 26, 1992 (1992-07-26)
Group A, Game 1
Angola 48–116 United StatesBarcelona,Spain
16:30 (CEST)Scoring by half: 16–64, 32–52
Pts:Macedo, 10
Rebs:Conceição, 7
Asts:Conceição, 2
BoxscorePts:Barkley, 24
Rebs:Barkley, 6
Asts:Johnson, 10
Arena:Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona

Note: Point differential: 68, tournament largest

Croatia  v United States
July 27, 1992 (1992-07-27)
Group A, Game 2
Croatia 70–103 United StatesBarcelona,Spain
20:30 (CEST)Scoring by half: 37–54, 33–49
Pts:Petrović, 19
Rebs:Rađa, 8
Asts:Kukoč, 5
BoxscorePts:Jordan, 21
Rebs:Malone, 5
Asts:Pippen, 9
Arena:Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona

Note: Point differential: 33

United States  v Germany
July 29, 1992 (1992-07-29)
Group A, Game 3
United States 111–68 GermanyBarcelona,Spain
20:30 (CEST)Scoring by half: 58–23, 53–45
Pts:Bird, 19
Rebs:Malone, 5
Asts:Jordan, 12
BoxscorePts:Schrempf, 15
Rebs:Schrempf, 8
Asts:Rödl, 2
Arena:Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona

Note: Point differential: 43

United States  v Brazil
July 31, 1992 (1992-07-31)
Group A, Game 4
United States 127–83 BrazilBarcelona,Spain
22:30 (CEST)Scoring by half: 60–41, 67–42
Pts:Barkley, 30
Rebs:Ewing, 9
Asts:Drexler, 10
BoxscorePts:Schmidt, 24
Rebs:dos Santos, 9
Asts:Ponikwar de Souza, 7
Arena:Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona

Note: Point differential: 44

Spain  v United States
August 2, 1992 (1992-08-02)
Group A, Game 5
Spain 81–122 United StatesBarcelona,Spain
22:30 (CEST)Scoring by half: 35–65, 46–57
Pts:Jiménez, 23
Rebs:Andreu, 7
Asts:Jiménez, 6
BoxscorePts:Barkley, 20
Rebs:Ewing, 10
Asts:Pippen, 9
Arena:Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona

Note: Point differential: 41

United States  v Puerto Rico
August 4, 1992 (1992-08-04)
Quarterfinals
United States 115–77 Puerto RicoBarcelona,Spain
22:30 (CEST)Scoring by half: 67–40, 48–37
Pts:Mullin, 21
Rebs:Laettner, 8
Asts:Pippen, 8
BoxscorePts:Ortiz, 13
Rebs:Ortiz, 8
Asts:Carter, 4
Arena:Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona

Note: Point differential: 38

Lithuania  v United States
August 6, 1992 (1992-08-06)
Semifinals
Lithuania 76–127 United StatesBarcelona,Spain
22:30 (CEST)Scoring by half: 30–49, 46–78
Pts:Marčiulionis, 20
Rebs:Sabonis, 8
Asts:Marčiulionis, 8
BoxscorePts:Jordan, 21
Rebs:Robinson, 8
Asts:Johnson, 8
Arena:Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona

Note: Point differential: 51

Croatia  v United States
August 8, 1992 (1992-08-08)
Gold medal game
Croatia 85–117 United StatesBarcelona,Spain
22:00 (CEST)Scoring by half: 42–56, 43–61
Pts:Petrović, 24
Rebs:Rađa, 6
Asts:Kukoč, 9
BoxscorePts:Jordan, 22
Rebs:Ewing, 6
Asts:Johnson, 6
Arena:Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona

Note: Point differential: 32, tournament closest

Olympic statistics

Olympic player statistics
PlayerGPGSFGMFGAFG%3PM3PA3P%FTMFTAFT%PPGRPGAPG
Charles Barkley845983.71178.8751926.73118.04.12.4
Larry Bird832548.521927.333810.8008.43.81.8
Clyde Drexler833764.578621.286410.40010.53.03.6
Patrick Ewing843353.62300.0001016.6259.55.30.4
Magic Johnson651730.567613.462810.8008.02.35.5
Michael Jordan8851113.451419.2111319.68414.92.44.8
Christian Laettner80920.45026.3331820.9004.82.50.4
Karl Malone844062.64500.0002432.75013.05.31.1
Chris Mullin823963.6191426.5381114.78612.91.63.6
Scottie Pippen832847.596513.3851115.7339.02.15.9
David Robinson842747.57400.0001826.6929.04.10.9
John Stockton4048.50012.50023.6672.80.32.0

See also

Notes

  1. ^A 2012NBA TV documentary covers this scrimmage, but the segment mixes video clips from other scrimmages as well.[35]

References

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  2. ^The Original Dream TeamArchived May 16, 2012, at theWayback Machine. nba.com. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
  3. ^ab"Games of the XXVth Olympiad -- 1992". USA Basketball. Archived fromthe original on April 29, 2015.
  4. ^McCallum, Jack (2013).Dream Team: How Michael, Magic, Larry, Charles, and the Greatest Team of All Time Conquered the World and Changed the Game of Basketball Forever. Random House Publishing Group. p. 313.ISBN 9780345520494.Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. RetrievedJuly 31, 2020.
  5. ^"This Day in Sports: The Dream Team Takes Gold in Barcelona ". ESPN. August 8, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
  6. ^abCostas, Bob (host) (July 31, 2012).30 Greatest NBC Olympic Moments. NBC.
  7. ^"1992 United States Olympic Team".Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. CBS Interactive. Archived fromthe original on August 18, 2010. RetrievedAugust 14, 2010.
  8. ^abcdefghijklmnopWhitaker, Lang (July 2012)."The Dream Will Never Die: An Oral History of the Dream Team".GQ. Archived fromthe original on June 16, 2012. RetrievedJune 12, 2012.
  9. ^"Soviets Roll Past Yugoslavs for the Gold".The New York Times. Associated Press. September 30, 1988.Archived from the original on January 10, 2018. RetrievedMay 8, 2020.
  10. ^Hubbard, Jan (April 8, 2020)."The Vote That Cleared the Way for NBA Players to Play in FIBA Competitions". USA Basketball. Archived fromthe original on April 11, 2020. RetrievedMay 5, 2020.
  11. ^"Federation Rule Change Opens Olympics to N.B.A. Players".The New York Times. April 8, 1989.Archived from the original on September 20, 2023. RetrievedAugust 5, 2020.
  12. ^"Basketball federation will allow NBA players in Olympics",The Washington Post News Service, viaThe Olympian, April 8, 1989, page 2C.
  13. ^Kalb, Elliott; Weinstein, Mark (2009).The 30 Greatest Sports Conspiracy Theories of All-Time. Skyhorse. p. 71.ISBN 9781602396784.Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. RetrievedMay 5, 2020.
  14. ^Freedman, Lew (2015).The 100 Most Important Sporting Events in American History. ABC-CLIO. p. 121.ISBN 9781440835759.Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. RetrievedMay 5, 2020.
  15. ^abMcCallum, Jack (February 19, 1991)."Lords of the Rings".Sports Illustrated.Archived from the original on January 13, 2023. RetrievedAugust 1, 2020.
  16. ^Sam Smith. "Olympian Jordan: 'We'll kill 'em.'"Chicago Tribune. September 22, 1991. 13.
  17. ^abcdefghij"Dream Team".XXX Summer Olympics. August 10, 2012. NBC.
  18. ^"Pros, college players combine".Ellensburg Daily Record.Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. RetrievedSeptember 23, 2014.
  19. ^Mccallum, Jack."BEHIND THE INTERVIEWS: LAETTNER".Jack Mccallum. Archived fromthe original on April 13, 2015. RetrievedSeptember 23, 2014.
  20. ^"Drexler, Laettner join Olympic teamArchived November 20, 2021, at theWayback Machine".Reading Eagle. May 13, 1992. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
  21. ^abcdefgMcCallum, Jack (July 2, 2012)."The Greatest Game Nobody Ever Saw".Sports Illustrated.Archived from the original on April 12, 2015.
  22. ^Tim Povtak. "Robinson is riveted on gold ".Orlando Sentinel. June 30, 1992. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  23. ^Olympic Support Overflows for Magic Johnson After Australian ComplaintsArchived January 6, 2020, at theWayback Machine apnews.com, Mike Harris, 24 January 1992
  24. ^McCallum, Jack (2012).Dream Team: How Michael, Magic, Larry, Charles, and the Greatest Team of All Time Conquered the World and Changed the Game of Basketball Forever. Ballantine Books. p. 82.ISBN 9780345520487. RetrievedMay 13, 2020 – viaInternet Archive.
  25. ^abcO'Shaughnessy, Haley (May 3, 2020)."'The Last Dance' Details the Grudges and Grievances of Michael Jordan".The Ringer.Archived from the original on May 10, 2020. RetrievedMay 13, 2020.
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