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1988 United States presidential election in Texas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article:1988 United States presidential election
1988United States presidential election in Texas

← 1984
November 8, 1988
1992 →
Turnout66.17% (of registered voters)Decrease
44.34% (of voting age population)[1]
 
NomineeGeorge H. W. BushMichael Dukakis
PartyRepublicanDemocratic
Home stateTexasMassachusetts
Running mateDan QuayleLloyd Bentsen
Electoral vote290
Popular vote3,036,8292,352,748
Percentage55.95%43.35%

County results
Congressional district results
Precinct results

Bush

  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%
  80–90%
  90–100%

Dukakis

  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%
  80–90%
  90–100%

Other

  Tie
  No Votes


President before election

Ronald Reagan
Republican

Elected President

George H. W. Bush
Republican

Elections in Texas
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The1988 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states andthe District of Columbia, were part of the1988 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 29 electors to theElectoral College, which selected thepresident andvice president.

IncumbentVice PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush won his home state againstMassachusettsGovernorMichael Dukakis. Bush ran withIndianaSenatorDan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran withTexasSenatorLloyd Bentsen.

Texas voted for Bush by a solid 12.6% margin. Texas had been considered a competitive, albeit Republican-leaning, state in the run-up to the election.[2]

Background

[edit]

Support for theRepublican Party of Texas grew during the 1980s. Republican nomineeBill Clements won the governorship in1978 and returned to the office in1986 after losing in the1982 election. Between 1978 and 1986, Republican membership in theTexas House of Representatives rose from 22 to 56, in theUnited States House of Representatives from 4 to 10, and in local and judicial offices from 0 to 504.[3]

Campaign

[edit]

Primary

[edit]

Dukakis won 38% of the white vote.[4] The racial composition of the Democratic primary was 67% white, 23% black, and 11% Hispanic,[5] and 45% of white voters participated in the Republican primary.[6]

Dukakis selected Texas U.S. SenatorLloyd Bentsen, who had previously beenconsidered in 1984, to serve as his vice-presidential running mate.[7][8] U.S. SenatorPhil Gramm nominated Bush at theRepublican National Convention.[9]

General

[edit]

Bentsen was running for reelection in theconcurrent senatorial election against Republican nomineeBeau Boulter. The Bush campaign and Texas GOP were initially interested in aiding Boulter, but later pursued a Texas Ticket strategy in which they promoted voting for both Bush in the presidential election and Bentsen in the senatorial election. Bentsen criticized the strategy on October 22, stating that the "Republicans are trying to peddle the notion that you can vote twice for Texas by voting for George Bush and Lloyd Bentsen".[10] Bentsen won reelection despite the Republican victory in the presidential election.[9]

Among white voters, 61% supported Bush while 38% supported Dukakis.[11][12]

As of the2024 presidential election[update], and despite Bill Clinton's two ensuing nationwide election victories (while holding the Republican margin of victory in Texas to single digits both times), the 1988 election constitutes the last occasion whenLee County,Calhoun County andSan Saba County have supported the Democratic presidential nominee.[13]

Results

[edit]
1988 United States presidential election in Texas
PartyCandidateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
RepublicanGeorge H. W. Bush3,036,82955.95%29
DemocraticMichael Dukakis2,352,74843.35%0
LibertarianRon Paul30,355[a]0.56%0
New Alliance PartyLenora Fulani7,2080.13%0
Write-Ins160[b]>0.01%0
Socialist Workers PartyJames Warren110[b]>0.01%0
Totals5,427,410100.0%29

Results by county

[edit]
CountyGeorge H.W. Bush
Republican
Michael Dukakis
Democratic
Ron Paul[14]
Libertarian
Various candidates
Other parties
MarginTotal votes cast
#%#%#%#%#%
Anderson7,85855.95%6,12843.63%490.35%100.07%1,73012.32%14,045
Andrews3,05272.82%1,12226.77%120.29%50.12%1,93046.05%4,191
Angelina12,73853.40%10,84945.48%2491.04%160.07%1,8897.92%23,852
Aransas3,85862.27%2,30537.20%290.47%40.06%1,55325.07%6,196
Archer2,01055.13%1,62744.62%90.25%00.00%38310.51%3,646
Armstrong72069.23%31430.19%60.58%00.00%40639.04%1,040
Atascosa4,77750.26%4,65749.00%630.66%70.07%1201.26%9,504
Austin4,52463.18%2,59336.22%410.57%20.03%1,93126.96%7,160
Bailey1,45962.27%87637.39%80.34%00.00%58324.88%2,343
Bandera3,43572.15%1,25126.28%721.51%30.06%2,18445.87%4,761
Bastrop5,99142.51%8,00456.80%910.65%60.04%-2,013-14.29%14,092
Baylor91444.15%1,15355.70%30.14%00.00%-239-11.55%2,070
Bee4,62049.78%4,61649.74%390.42%60.06%40.04%9,281
Bell29,38261.79%17,75137.33%3650.77%530.11%11,63124.46%47,551
Bexar193,19252.25%174,03647.07%2,1440.58%3770.10%19,1565.18%369,749
Blanco1,68061.79%1,01237.22%240.88%30.11%66824.57%2,719
Borden28362.33%16937.22%10.22%10.22%11425.11%454
Bosque3,45856.26%2,67043.44%160.26%30.05%78812.82%6,147
Bowie15,45455.31%12,33144.13%1310.47%250.09%3,12311.18%27,941
Brazoria34,02857.60%23,43639.67%1,5492.62%680.12%10,59217.93%59,081
Brazos29,36965.72%14,88533.31%3480.78%880.20%14,48432.41%44,690
Brewster1,70851.55%1,56947.36%331.00%30.09%1394.19%3,313
Briscoe46444.27%57454.77%80.76%20.19%-110-10.50%1,048
Brooks60817.43%2,85981.94%100.29%120.34%-2,251-64.51%3,489
Brown6,81058.68%4,76341.04%290.25%40.03%2,04717.64%11,606
Burleson2,24241.99%3,08557.78%110.21%10.02%-843-15.79%5,339
Burnet5,12053.85%4,34345.68%420.44%30.03%7778.17%9,508
Caldwell3,55343.00%4,64956.27%520.63%80.10%-1,096-13.27%8,262
Calhoun3,18348.79%3,31450.80%210.32%60.09%-131-2.01%6,524
Callahan2,88758.67%2,01740.99%100.20%70.14%87017.68%4,921
Cameron24,26343.68%30,97255.75%2530.46%640.12%-6,709-12.07%55,552
Camp1,90847.20%2,12152.47%120.30%10.02%-213-5.27%4,042
Carson2,10066.71%1,03432.85%110.35%30.10%1,06633.86%3,148
Cass5,30547.11%5,94152.75%140.12%20.02%-636-5.64%11,262
Castro1,60452.61%1,43647.10%80.26%10.03%1685.51%3,049
Chambers3,69454.48%3,03544.76%460.68%60.09%6599.72%6,781
Cherokee7,52057.12%5,60442.57%380.29%30.02%1,91614.55%13,165
Childress1,20152.98%1,06046.76%60.26%00.00%1416.22%2,267
Clay2,04347.07%2,28852.72%80.18%10.02%-245-5.65%4,340
Cochran77152.74%68146.58%80.55%20.14%906.16%1,462
Coke86355.97%67443.71%40.26%10.06%18912.26%1,542
Coleman2,34054.15%1,97845.78%30.07%00.00%3628.37%4,321
Collin67,77674.29%22,93425.14%4650.51%550.06%44,84249.15%91,230
Collingsworth87251.81%80948.07%20.12%00.00%633.74%1,683
Colorado3,72356.41%2,84743.14%260.39%40.06%87613.27%6,600
Comal13,99470.04%5,71628.61%2371.19%330.17%8,27841.43%19,980
Comanche2,12044.53%2,62255.07%180.38%10.02%-502-10.54%4,761
Concho61748.85%64350.91%10.08%20.16%-26-2.06%1,263
Cooke7,19662.84%4,21736.82%300.26%90.08%2,97926.02%11,452
Coryell7,46164.17%4,02634.63%1231.06%170.15%3,43529.54%11,627
Cottle37935.00%69063.71%141.29%00.00%-311-28.71%1,083
Crane1,21967.05%59632.78%30.17%00.00%62334.27%1,818
Crockett93251.24%88148.43%60.33%00.00%512.81%1,819
Crosby1,12143.75%1,43556.01%50.20%10.04%-314-12.26%2,562
Culberson41742.46%55756.72%30.31%50.51%-140-14.26%982
Dallam1,20564.72%64534.64%120.64%00.00%56030.08%1,862
Dallas347,09458.38%243,19840.91%3,4460.58%8000.13%103,89617.47%594,538
Dawson3,15459.32%2,15540.53%60.11%20.04%99918.79%5,317
Deaf Smith3,74465.39%1,93033.71%360.63%160.28%1,81431.68%5,726
Delta84940.41%1,24459.21%80.38%00.00%-395-18.80%2,101
Denton57,44468.22%26,20431.12%4740.56%880.10%31,24037.10%84,210
DeWitt3,62858.00%2,57941.23%430.69%50.08%1,04916.77%6,255
Dickens43538.12%69661.00%70.61%30.26%-261-22.88%1,141
Dimmit90024.65%2,73574.91%120.33%40.11%-1,835-50.26%3,651
Donley1,04360.89%66138.59%90.53%00.00%38222.30%1,713
Duval90717.79%4,17781.95%110.22%20.04%-3,270-64.16%5,097
Eastland3,92954.83%3,21544.86%190.27%30.04%7149.97%7,166
Ector23,15567.80%10,82531.70%1520.45%200.06%12,33036.10%34,152
Edwards55659.78%36839.57%40.43%20.22%18820.21%930
Ellis16,42259.18%11,16940.25%1040.37%540.19%5,25318.93%27,749
El Paso55,57346.79%62,62252.72%4340.37%1520.13%-7,049-5.93%118,781
Erath5,42756.71%4,11342.98%00.00%300.31%1,31413.73%9,570
Falls2,34444.76%2,87754.94%110.21%50.10%-533-10.18%5,237
Fannin4,02443.67%5,16356.03%230.25%40.04%-1,139-12.36%9,214
Fayette4,55157.09%3,39042.53%290.36%10.01%1,16114.56%7,971
Fisher72132.19%1,51667.68%30.13%00.00%-795-35.49%2,240
Floyd1,74155.48%1,39144.33%30.10%30.10%35011.15%3,138
Foard30637.32%51362.56%10.12%00.00%-207-25.24%820
Fort Bend39,81862.43%23,35136.61%4580.72%1570.25%16,46725.82%63,784
Franklin1,43949.69%1,45350.17%30.10%10.03%-14-0.48%2,896
Freestone3,15951.85%2,91647.87%160.26%10.02%2433.98%6,092
Frio1,50533.16%3,01666.46%160.35%10.02%-1,511-33.30%4,538
Gaines2,26562.81%1,31036.33%280.78%30.08%95526.48%3,606
Galveston34,91347.15%38,63352.18%4310.58%650.09%-3,720-5.03%74,042
Garza1,18354.02%98945.16%170.78%10.05%1948.86%2,190
Gillespie5,66277.42%1,58821.71%610.83%20.03%4,07455.71%7,313
Glasscock38472.73%14327.08%10.19%00.00%24145.65%528
Goliad1,42751.11%1,35848.64%70.25%00.00%692.47%2,792
Gonzales2,98350.42%2,89748.97%350.59%10.02%861.45%5,916
Gray7,25974.22%2,46025.15%550.56%70.07%4,79949.07%9,781
Grayson18,82556.55%14,34743.10%970.29%180.05%4,47813.45%33,287
Gregg26,46567.19%12,48631.70%4161.06%200.05%13,97935.49%39,387
Grimes2,82050.52%2,73549.00%230.41%40.07%851.52%5,582
Guadalupe13,26564.37%7,11134.50%00.00%2331.13%6,15429.87%20,609
Hale6,28464.05%3,50235.69%190.19%60.06%2,78228.36%9,811
Hall71440.96%1,02959.04%00.00%00.00%-315-18.08%1,743
Hamilton1,71855.67%1,35543.91%120.39%10.03%36311.76%3,086
Hansford1,96781.25%44318.30%110.45%00.00%1,52462.95%2,421
Hardeman85542.73%1,14357.12%20.10%10.05%-288-14.39%2,001
Hardin6,89745.46%8,24554.34%280.18%30.02%-1,348-8.88%15,173
Harris464,21757.02%342,91942.12%5,2050.64%1,8190.22%121,29814.90%814,160
Harrison11,95756.18%8,97442.16%3351.57%190.09%2,98314.02%21,285
Hartley1,22970.35%50528.91%110.63%20.11%72441.44%1,747
Haskell1,19340.93%1,71558.83%50.17%20.07%-522-17.90%2,915
Hays11,71650.36%11,18748.09%3301.42%310.13%5292.27%23,264
Hemphill1,17068.62%52730.91%80.47%00.00%64337.71%1,705
Henderson11,00552.61%9,81946.94%730.35%210.10%1,1865.67%20,918
Hidalgo29,24634.87%54,33064.78%2100.25%840.10%-25,084-29.91%83,870
Hill4,79652.14%4,38147.63%200.22%10.01%4154.51%9,198
Hockley4,36860.25%2,85039.31%270.37%50.07%1,51820.94%7,250
Hood7,40063.16%4,25536.32%550.47%60.05%3,14526.84%11,716
Hopkins5,13350.61%4,98449.14%250.25%00.00%1491.47%10,142
Houston3,88250.00%3,84649.54%300.39%60.08%360.46%7,764
Howard6,02457.28%4,44542.26%410.39%70.07%1,57915.02%10,517
Hudspeth40549.63%40649.75%40.49%10.12%-1-0.12%816
Hunt12,33158.06%8,82041.53%790.37%80.04%3,51116.53%21,238
Hutchinson7,52671.50%2,95028.03%430.41%70.07%4,57643.47%10,526
Irion53962.17%32637.60%10.12%10.12%21324.57%867
Jack1,54250.16%1,52149.48%110.36%00.00%210.68%3,074
Jackson2,95457.75%2,14141.86%180.35%20.04%81315.89%5,115
Jasper4,98542.87%6,61356.87%280.24%30.03%-1,628-14.00%11,629
Jeff Davis52460.23%32537.36%192.18%20.23%19922.87%870
Jefferson35,75438.99%55,64960.69%2090.23%810.09%-19,895-21.70%91,693
Jim Hogg51023.80%1,63076.06%20.09%10.05%-1,120-52.26%2,143
Jim Wells4,33533.64%8,49565.92%420.33%140.11%-4,160-32.28%12,886
Johnson17,50958.03%12,50741.45%1390.46%160.05%5,00216.58%30,171
Jones3,00050.71%2,89848.99%170.29%10.02%1021.72%5,916
Karnes2,38348.31%2,52951.27%180.36%30.06%-146-2.96%4,933
Kaufman8,46653.19%7,35846.23%720.45%200.13%1,1086.96%15,916
Kendall4,87576.20%1,44622.60%751.17%20.03%3,42953.60%6,398
Kenedy7638.78%11960.71%10.51%00.00%-43-21.93%196
Kent27440.65%39859.05%10.15%10.15%-124-18.40%674
Kerr11,20775.03%3,58724.01%1390.93%40.03%7,62051.02%14,937
Kimble1,06165.62%55134.08%40.25%10.06%51031.54%1,617
King11163.43%6436.57%00.00%00.00%4726.86%175
Kinney77153.17%66946.14%80.55%20.14%1027.03%1,450
Kleberg4,44344.67%5,36753.96%1321.33%40.04%-924-9.29%9,946
Knox76542.93%1,01356.85%30.17%10.06%-248-13.92%1,782
Lamar8,02151.42%7,55348.42%210.13%30.02%4683.00%15,598
Lamb3,06457.64%2,23041.95%170.32%50.09%83415.69%5,316
Lampasas3,00060.41%1,95439.35%60.12%60.12%1,04621.06%4,966
La Salle69329.46%1,65170.20%60.26%20.09%-958-40.74%2,352
Lavaca4,37754.97%3,53144.35%520.65%20.03%84610.62%7,962
Lee2,51349.60%2,52749.87%230.45%40.08%-14-0.27%5,067
Leon2,77854.31%2,31645.28%210.41%00.00%4629.03%5,115
Liberty8,52450.22%8,34349.15%950.56%110.06%1811.07%16,973
Limestone3,25748.16%3,47651.40%280.41%20.03%-219-3.24%6,763
Lipscomb1,11174.12%37725.15%100.67%10.07%73448.97%1,499
Live Oak2,27758.69%1,57340.54%290.75%10.03%70418.15%3,880
Llano3,55057.24%2,62942.39%210.34%20.03%92114.85%6,202
Loving5470.13%2329.87%00.00%00.00%3140.26%77
Lubbock50,76069.26%22,20230.29%2690.37%610.08%28,55838.97%73,292
Lynn1,27954.03%1,08645.88%20.08%00.00%1938.15%2,367
Madison1,89650.60%1,83548.97%160.43%00.00%611.63%3,747
Marion1,85744.97%2,25554.61%160.39%10.02%-398-9.64%4,129
Martin1,01761.60%63238.28%20.12%00.00%38523.32%1,651
Mason97558.91%67140.54%90.54%00.00%30418.37%1,655
Matagorda6,78754.01%5,67545.16%920.73%120.10%1,1128.85%12,566
Maverick1,59226.52%4,39573.21%100.17%60.10%-2,803-46.69%6,003
McCulloch1,61849.13%1,66550.56%100.30%00.00%-47-1.43%3,293
McLennan38,60658.12%27,54541.47%2200.33%520.08%11,06116.65%66,423
McMullen30275.88%9423.62%20.50%00.00%20852.26%398
Medina5,72257.05%4,22742.15%750.75%50.05%1,49514.90%10,029
Menard55247.14%61452.43%50.43%00.00%-62-5.29%1,171
Midland30,61877.86%8,48721.58%2090.53%120.03%22,13156.28%39,326
Milam3,51241.83%4,86557.94%170.20%20.02%-1,353-16.11%8,396
Mills1,04355.24%84244.60%30.16%00.00%20110.64%1,888
Mitchell1,59647.27%1,77352.52%20.06%50.15%-177-5.25%3,376
Montague3,47548.36%3,68951.34%190.26%30.04%-214-2.98%7,186
Montgomery40,36068.24%18,39431.10%3540.60%380.06%21,96637.14%59,146
Moore3,71070.25%1,53729.10%210.40%130.25%2,17341.15%5,281
Morris2,10437.37%3,52262.56%30.05%10.02%-1,418-25.19%5,630
Motley42961.99%26237.86%10.14%00.00%16724.13%692
Nacogdoches11,76762.32%6,88636.47%2111.12%190.10%4,88125.85%18,883
Navarro6,44548.71%6,74951.01%340.26%40.03%-304-2.30%13,232
Newton1,65931.25%3,64068.56%60.11%40.08%-1,981-37.31%5,309
Nolan2,73448.74%2,85350.86%190.34%30.05%-119-2.12%5,609
Nueces46,33748.30%49,20951.30%2930.31%930.10%-2,872-3.00%95,932
Ochiltree2,92883.25%57916.46%80.23%20.06%2,34966.79%3,517
Oldham69168.82%30330.18%90.90%10.10%38838.64%1,004
Orange11,95939.99%17,83459.63%1000.33%150.05%-5,875-19.64%29,908
Palo Pinto4,64953.85%3,93045.52%470.54%80.09%7198.33%8,634
Panola4,64252.87%4,12346.96%130.15%20.02%5195.91%8,780
Parker14,09062.01%8,51737.48%1030.45%130.06%5,57324.53%22,723
Parmer2,06172.60%76426.91%120.42%20.07%1,29745.69%2,839
Pecos2,48355.67%1,96043.95%130.29%40.09%52311.72%4,460
Polk5,83148.88%5,94349.82%1451.22%100.08%-112-0.94%11,929
Potter16,40062.76%9,56336.60%1470.56%210.08%6,83726.16%26,131
Presidio58633.09%1,17666.40%70.40%20.11%-590-33.31%1,771
Rains1,28146.82%1,44852.92%40.15%30.11%-167-6.10%2,736
Randall27,98676.33%8,49223.16%1730.47%150.04%19,49453.17%36,666
Reagan93569.00%41830.85%20.15%00.00%51738.15%1,355
Real79561.58%48337.41%110.85%20.15%31224.17%1,291
Red River2,47543.79%3,16556.00%110.19%10.02%-690-12.21%5,652
Reeves1,72437.86%2,81261.75%90.20%90.20%-1,088-23.89%4,554
Refugio1,88350.56%1,83149.17%80.21%20.05%521.39%3,724
Roberts44175.90%13523.24%50.86%00.00%30652.66%581
Robertson2,18437.45%3,63062.24%160.27%20.03%-1,446-24.79%5,832
Rockwall7,21472.58%2,65926.75%600.60%60.06%4,55545.83%9,939
Runnels2,41758.28%1,72041.48%90.22%10.02%69716.80%4,147
Rusk9,11763.70%5,14035.91%490.34%70.05%3,97727.79%14,313
Sabine1,92548.28%2,05351.49%90.23%00.00%-128-3.21%3,987
San Augustine1,94647.65%2,11851.86%90.22%110.27%-172-4.21%4,084
San Jacinto2,69147.31%2,97252.25%250.44%00.00%-281-4.94%5,688
San Patricio9,15947.07%9,92050.98%3551.82%240.12%-761-3.91%19,458
San Saba1,09948.27%1,16551.16%120.53%10.04%-66-2.89%2,277
Schleicher65356.44%49442.70%70.61%30.26%15913.74%1,157
Scurry3,74963.61%2,11935.95%240.41%20.03%1,63027.66%5,894
Shackelford86555.66%68143.82%80.51%00.00%18411.84%1,554
Shelby3,99948.34%4,26151.50%120.15%10.01%-262-3.16%8,273
Sherman1,14576.38%34022.68%120.80%20.13%80553.70%1,499
Smith34,65864.67%18,71934.93%1840.34%310.06%15,93929.74%53,592
Somervell1,30456.79%98342.81%90.39%00.00%32113.98%2,296
Starr1,21814.83%6,95884.74%300.37%50.06%-5,740-69.91%8,211
Stephens2,34260.45%1,51939.21%120.31%10.03%82321.24%3,874
Sterling46470.73%18828.66%30.46%10.15%27642.07%656
Stonewall42136.70%72463.12%10.09%10.09%-303-26.42%1,147
Sutton99663.44%57136.37%20.13%10.06%42527.07%1,570
Swisher1,27139.98%1,89359.55%150.47%00.00%-622-19.57%3,179
Tarrant242,66061.24%151,31038.19%1,7970.45%4700.12%91,35023.05%396,237
Taylor28,56367.97%13,07331.11%3570.85%310.07%15,49036.86%42,024
Terrell29642.96%39056.60%20.29%10.15%-94-13.64%689
Terry2,64557.50%1,94142.20%130.28%10.02%70415.30%4,600
Throckmorton45545.59%53453.51%80.80%10.10%-79-7.92%998
Titus4,24749.27%4,35750.55%150.17%10.01%-110-1.28%8,620
Tom Green21,46363.10%12,28336.11%2290.67%370.11%9,18026.99%34,012
Travis105,91544.86%127,78354.13%1,7770.75%6090.26%-21,868-9.27%236,084
Trinity2,44847.65%2,65751.72%300.58%20.04%-209-4.07%5,137
Tyler3,07042.10%4,19857.57%230.32%10.01%-1,128-15.47%7,292
Upshur5,99153.18%5,24246.53%300.27%20.02%7496.65%11,265
Upton1,18968.33%54431.26%40.23%30.17%64537.07%1,740
Uvalde4,26653.32%3,68446.04%440.55%70.09%5827.28%8,001
Val Verde5,10950.03%5,04449.40%500.49%80.08%650.63%10,211
Van Zandt7,37154.36%6,15345.38%330.24%20.01%1,2188.98%13,559
Victoria15,05662.08%8,92336.79%2471.02%270.11%6,13325.29%24,253
Walker8,47358.88%5,82640.48%820.57%100.07%2,64718.40%14,391
Waller3,60747.31%3,95751.90%500.66%100.13%-350-4.59%7,624
Ward2,70959.02%1,85840.48%190.41%40.09%85118.54%4,590
Washington6,04166.85%2,96032.75%310.34%50.06%3,08134.10%9,037
Webb7,52831.59%16,22768.09%430.18%340.14%-8,699-36.50%23,832
Wharton6,97853.71%5,93545.69%650.50%130.10%1,0438.02%12,991
Wheeler1,70361.33%1,06738.42%70.25%00.00%63622.91%2,777
Wichita23,32456.08%17,95643.17%2620.63%480.12%5,36812.91%41,590
Wilbarger2,66954.15%2,24845.61%120.24%00.00%4218.54%4,929
Willacy1,75035.43%3,16564.07%210.43%40.08%-1,415-28.64%4,940
Williamson27,32257.85%19,58941.48%2670.57%520.11%7,73316.37%47,230
Wilson4,43652.65%3,95346.92%320.38%40.05%4835.73%8,425
Winkler1,65663.42%94736.27%70.27%10.04%70927.15%2,611
Wise6,06453.22%5,28846.41%380.33%50.04%7766.81%11,395
Wood6,21654.69%4,55340.06%330.29%5644.96%1,66314.63%11,366
Yoakum1,76270.28%72729.00%160.64%20.08%1,03541.28%2,507
Young4,15657.78%3,00741.80%280.39%20.03%1,14915.98%7,193
Zapata95830.56%2,17169.25%50.16%10.03%-1,213-38.69%3,135
Zavala62815.81%3,33884.02%70.18%00.00%-2,710-68.21%3,973
Totals3,036,82955.95%2,352,74843.35%30,3550.56%7,4780.14%684,08112.60%5,427,410

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

[edit]

[15][16]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The figure given in Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas is 30,355, but this figure is the sum of all the county votes for Paul.[14]
  2. ^abSome of these votes may not have been included by county.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Turnout and Voter Registration Figures (1970-current)".
  2. ^Sentinel, Walter Manley II, Special to The (July 31, 1988)."NATION'S FATE RESTS WITH 7 STATES THE VOTE OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE IS THE ONLY ONE THAT COUNTS".OrlandoSentinel.com. RetrievedJanuary 17, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 222.
  4. ^Black & Black 1992, p. 266.
  5. ^Black & Black 1992, p. 263.
  6. ^Black & Black 1992, p. 288.
  7. ^Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 221.
  8. ^Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 232.
  9. ^abMoreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 223.
  10. ^Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 225-226.
  11. ^Black & Black 1992, p. 295.
  12. ^Black & Black 1992, p. 335.
  13. ^Sullivan, Robert David;‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’;America Magazine inThe National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
  14. ^abOur Campaigns;TX US President Race, November 08, 1988
  15. ^"1984 Presidential General Election Results - Texas".Dave Leip's election atlas.
  16. ^"1988 Presidential General Election Results - Texas".Dave Leip's election atlas.

Works cited

[edit]
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