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1974 in spaceflight

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Details

1974 in spaceflight
Orbital launches
Soyuz-U launch vehicle
First	5 January
Last	2 December
v t e

1974 in spaceflight

Timeline of spaceflight ← 1973 1975 →

v t e Timeline of spaceflight
Spaceflight before 1951
1950s	1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 (H1,H2) 1959 (H1,H2)
1960s	1960 (T1,T2,T3) 1961 (H1,H2) 1962 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 1963 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 1964 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 1965 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970s	1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980s	1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1990s	1990 1991 (H1,H2) 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000s	2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010s	2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (H1,H2) 2019 (H1,H2)
2020s	2020 2021 (H1,H2) 2022 (H1,H2) 2023 (H1,H2) 2024 (H1,H2) 2025 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 2026 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 2027 2028 2029
2030s

This science-related list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(July 2019)

On 29 March 1974Mariner 10 became the first spacecraft to fly by Mercury, that saw a spacecraft for the first and last time in the 20th century.

Orbital launches

[edit]


Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload (⚀ =CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January [edit]
17 January 10:07^[1]	Kosmos 3M			Plesetsk (LC-132/2)		VKS

		Kosmos 628 (Tsiklon)	MOM	LEO	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
19 January 01:39^[2]	Delta 2313			CCAFS (LC-17B)		UK Ministry of Defence

		Skynet 2A	UK MOD	Intended:GEO Achieved:LEO	Comms	25 January 1974	Failure
		Placed in incorrect orbit due to carrier rocket malfunction
24 January 15:00	Voskhod			Plesetsk		MOM

		Kosmos 629 (Zenit-2M)	MOM	LEO	Recon	5 February 1974	Success
30 January 11:00	Voskhod			Plesetsk		MOM

		Kosmos 630 (Zenit-4MK)	MOM	LEO	Aurora research	13 February 1974	Success
February [edit]
6 February 00:34	Kosmos-3M			LC-132/2,Plesetsk		VKS

		Kosmos 631 (Tselina-O)	VKS	LEO	ELINT	3 October 1980	Successful
11 February 13:48	Titan IIIE/Centaur			LC-41,CCAFS		NASA

		Boilerplate	NASA	Intended:GSO	Test carrier rocket	12 February 1974	Failure
		Sphinx	NASA	Intended:GSO	Plasma research	12 February 1974	Failure
		Upper stage turbopump malfunction
16 February 05:00	M-3C			Kagoshima Space Center LP-M		ISAS

		MS T2 (Tansei 2)	ISAS	Highly elliptical orbit	Technology test	22 January 1983	Successful
		First flight of M-3C
18 February	Scout D-1			San Marco mobile range, Kenya		CRS

		San Marco 4	CRS /NASA	Low Earth	Atmospheric	In orbit	Successful
March [edit]
April [edit]
May [edit]
June [edit]
July [edit]
3 July	Soyuz (11A511)			LC-1/5,Baikonur

		Soyuz 14		LEO, docked toSalyut 3	Crewed orbital flight	19 July 1974	Successful
12 July 13:55	Feng Bao 1			Jiquan Satellite Launch Center, LA-2B (Site 138)

		JSSW		Intended: Low Earth	Unknown	12 July	Failure
		Carrier rocket lost attitude control.
16 July	Scout			Western Space and Missile Center atVandenberg AFB		NASA

		Aeros 2	NASA
August [edit]
28 August 10:08	Soyuz (11A511)			LC-1/5,Baikonur

		Soyuz 15		LEO Plan: Dock toSalyut 3	Crewed orbital flight	28 August 1974	Failure
		Failed to dock withSalyut 3
September [edit]
October [edit]
15 October 07:47	Scout B-1			San Marco mobile range, Kenya		CRS

		Ariel 5	SERC /NASA	Low Earth	X-ray astronomy	14 March 1980	Successful
November [edit]
December [edit]
2 December 15:00	Soyuz-U (11A511U)			LC-1/5,Baikonur

		Soyuz 16		LEO	Crewed orbital flight	8 December 1974	Successful
		First successfulcrewed use ofSoyuz-U launch vehicle
10 December 07:11:01	Titan IIIE/Star-37			Cape Canaveral SLC-41		NASA

		Helios-A	NASA /DFVLR	Heliocentric	Solar probe	In orbit	Successful
		Achieved a closest approach to theSun of 46.5 million km (0.31 AU) in February 1975, the closest approach achieved by an artificial satellite at that point; it was succeeded later by Helios-B.

Suborbital launches

[edit]


Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January-March [edit]
12 January 19:12^[3]	Skylark			El Arenosillo		NASA

		H-GR-58	DFVLR	Sub-orbital	Astronomy	12 Jan 1974	Successful
5 January 01:45^[4]	Aerobee 200A			White Sands		NASA

			NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy/Ultraviolet astronomy	5 January 1974	Successful
8 January 01:40^[5]	Aerobee 200A			White Sands		NASA

			NASA/NRL	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy/Ultraviolet astronomy	8 January 1974	Successful
11 January 22:00^[6]	R-36			Baikonur (LC-162/36)		RVSN

		Dkh	RVSN	Sub-orbital	ICBM test	12 January 1974	Successful
15 January 20:00^[7]	Black Brant VC			White Sands (LC-36)		NASA

			NASA	Sub-orbital	Solar research	15 January 1974	Successful
16 January 02:00^[8]	Kappa 9M			Kagoshima (LC-36)		ISAS

			ISAS	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere & Solar research	16 January 1974	Successful
16 January 17:40^[5]	Nike Apache			Wallops Island		NASA

			NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	16 January 1974	Successful
16 January 18:13^[9]	Super Arcas			Wallops Island		NASA

			NASA	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere research	16 January 1974	Successful
16 January^[5] 01:40	Aerobee 200A			White Sands		NASA

			NASA	Sub-orbital	Solar research	16 January 1974	Successful
17 January 02:37^[5]	Nike Tomahawk			Poker Flat		NASA

			NASA/NRL	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	17 January 1974	Successful
19 January 11:34	Skua			El Arenosillo		RAE

			RAE	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere research	19 January 1974	Success
19 January	R-36M			LC-103,Baikonur		RVSN

		POR	RVSN	Sub-orbital	ICBM Test	20 January 1974	Success
21 January 02:39	Nike Tomahawk			Poker Flat		NASA

			NASA	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	21 January 1974	Success
21 January 11:30	Skua 4			El Arenosillo		RAE

			RAE	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere research	21 January 1974	Success
22 January 02:41	Nike Tomahawk			Poker Flat		NASA

			NASA	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	22 January 1974	Success
22 January 11:00	Lambda 3H			Area 3L,Kagoshima		ISAS

			ISAS	Sub-orbital	X-ray astronomy	22 January 1974	Success
22 January 01:40	Aerobee 200A			White Sands		NASA

			NASA/NRL	Sub-orbital	Solar research	22 January 1974	Successful
22 January 01:40	Minuteman I			LF-06,Vandenberg AFB		USAF

			USAF	Sub-orbital	ICBM test	22 January 1974	Successful
23 January 11:30	Skua			El Arenosillo		RAE

			RAE	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere research	23 January 1974	Success
23 January 12:50	Black Brant VB			Churchill		NRC

			NRC	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Aurora research	23 January 1974	Success
25 January 11:30	Skua			El Arenosillo		RAE

			RAE	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere research	25 January 1974	Success
25 January	UR-100N			Baikonur Cosmodrome		RVSN

			RVSN	Sub-orbital	ICBM test	25 January 1974	Success
26 January	Minuteman III			LF-25,Vandenberg AFB		USAF

		GT-24GB-1	USAF	Sub-orbital	ICBM test	26 January 1974	Success
26 January	UR-100N			Baikonur Cosmodrome		RVSN

		GT-24GB-1	RVSN	Sub-orbital	ICBM test	26 January 1974	Success
27 January 19:08	Nike Tomahawk			Andøya		NASA

		Ferdinand 35 (Polar 3)	NDRE	Sub-orbital	Aurora research	27 January 1974	Success
30 January	SSBS S2			BLB,Biscarosse		DMA

			DMA	Sub-orbital	Missile test	30 January 1974	Success
1 February 06:30	JCR			Area T,Tanegashima		NASDA

			NASDA	Sub-orbital	Test flight	1 February 1974	Successful
4 February 14:40	Skylark 6AC			LA-2SL,Woomera		BAC

			BAC	Sub-orbital	Astronomy	4 February 1974	Successful
4 February	MR-UR-100			LC-177,Baikonur		RVSN

			RVSN	Sub-orbital	ICBM test	4 February 1974	Successful
6 February 22:48	Black Brant IVB			Andoya		DLR

			DLR	Sub-orbital	Aurora research (DLR A-BB4-63 Auroral mission)	6 February 1974	Successful
6 February	Polaris A3			Submarine,WTR		US Navy

			US Navy	Sub-orbital	SLBM test	6 February 1974	Successful
6 February	Polaris A3			Submarine,WTR		US Navy

			US Navy	Sub-orbital	SLBM test	6 February 1974	Successful
9 February 02:10	Aerobee 200A			White Sands		NASA

			NASA	Sub-orbital	Astronomy	9 February 1974	Successful
9 February 06:30	LS-C			Area T,Tanegashima		NASDA

			NASDA	Sub-orbital	Test flight	9 February 1974	Successful
April-June [edit]
July-September [edit]
11 July 05:01^[11]	K63D			Vladimirovka test range, nearKapustin Yar

		BOR-3 No.302		Suborbital	Re-entry test forSpiral program	11 July	Partial success
		Subscale model of the Spiral spaceplane.^[10] After nominal flight, parachute system failed and the craft crashed. Apogee: 100 km
October-December [edit]

Deep Space Rendezvous

[edit]

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
5 February	Mariner 10	Flyby ofVenus	Gravity assist; Closest approach: 5,768 kilometres (3,584 mi)
10 February	Mars 4	Flyby ofMars	Closest approach: 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi) (orbiter mission)
12 February	Mars 5	Areocentric orbit injection
9 March	Mars 7	Lander missed mars by 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
12 March	Mars 6	Lander lost a few seconds before anticipated landing
29 March	Mariner 10	1st flyby ofMercury	Closest approach: 703 kilometres (437 mi)
2 June	Luna 22	Selenocentric orbit injection	Photographic mission
21 September	Mariner 10	2nd flyby of Mercury	Closest approach: 48,069 kilometres (29,869 mi)
2 November	Luna 23	Landed rough atMare Crisium, theMoon	Sample return mission
3 December	Pioneer 11	Flyby ofJupiter	Gravity assist; Closest approach: 42,960 kilometres (26,690 mi)

EVAs

[edit]

Start date/time	Duration	End time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
3 February 15:19	5 hours 19 minutes	20:38	Skylab SLM-3	Gerald P. Carr Edward Gibson	Retrieved the final film from the solar observatory and photographedKohoutek using an electronographic camera.

References

[edit]

Bergin, Chris."NASASpaceFlight.com".
Clark, Stephen."Spaceflight Now".
Kelso, T.S."Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
Krebs, Gunter."Chronology of Space Launches".
Kyle, Ed."Space Launch Report". Archived fromthe original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved13 August 2022.
McDowell, Jonathan."GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
Pietrobon, Steven."Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
Wade, Mark."Encyclopedia Astronautica".
Webb, Brian."Southwest Space Archive".
Zak, Anatoly."Russian Space Web".
"ISS Calendar".Spaceflight 101.
"NSSDCA Master Catalog".NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive.NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
"Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration].CosmoWorld (in Russian).
"Rocket Launch Manifest".Next Spaceflight.
"Space Launch Plans".Novosti Kosmonavtiki.
"Space Satellite Tracking".N2YO.

Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

[edit]

This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "1974 in spaceflight" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(April 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

^McDowell, Jonathan C."Launch list by family: R-14".GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects.Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved4 April 2023.
^"British Satellite Launched".The News-Press. Associated Press. 19 January 1974. Retrieved4 April 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^McDowell, Jonathan C."Launch list by family: Raven".GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects.Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved4 April 2023.
^"Scientits See Comet From Plane".The Daily Mail. Baltimore. Associated Press. 5 January 1974. Retrieved4 April 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^^a ^b ^c ^dMcDowell, Jonathan C."Launch list by family: Nike".GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects.Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved4 April 2023.
^McDowell, Jonathan C."Launch list by family: R-36".GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects.Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved4 April 2023.
^McDowell, Jonathan C."Launch list by family: BB5".GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects.Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved4 April 2023.
^McDowell, Jonathan C."Launch list by family: K420".GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects.Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved4 April 2023.
^McDowell, Jonathan C."Launch list by family: Arcas".GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects.Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved4 April 2023.
^Krebs, Gunter Dirk."BOR-3".Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved12 August 2024.
^Wade, Mark."K63D".www.astronautix.com. Retrieved12 August 2024.

v t e Timeline of spaceflight
Spaceflight before 1951
1950s	1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 (H1,H2) 1959 (H1,H2)
1960s	1960 (T1,T2,T3) 1961 (H1,H2) 1962 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 1963 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 1964 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 1965 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970s	1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980s	1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1990s	1990 1991 (H1,H2) 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000s	2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010s	2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (H1,H2) 2019 (H1,H2)
2020s	2020 2021 (H1,H2) 2022 (H1,H2) 2023 (H1,H2) 2024 (H1,H2) 2025 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 2026 (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) 2027 2028 2029
2030s

v t e ← 1973 Orbital launches in1974 1975 →
Kosmos 628 Skynet 2A Kosmos 629 Kosmos 630 Kosmos 631 Sphinx VDS Kosmos 632 OPS 6889 Tansei 2 San Marco 4 Kosmos 633 Meteor-M No.30 Kosmos 634 Miranda Kosmos 635 Nauka-17KS No.1L OPS 8579 Kosmos 636 Kosmos 637 Kosmos 638 Kosmos 639 OPS 6245 OPS 4547 OPS 3935 Kosmos 640 Unnamed Westar 1 Molniya-1-27 Kosmos 641 Kosmos 642 Kosmos 643 Kosmos 644 Kosmos 645 Kosmos 646 Kosmos 647 Kosmos 648 Meteor-M No.22 Molniya-2-9 Kosmos 649 Kosmos 650 Kosmos 651 Kosmos 652 Kosmos 653 Kosmos 654 SMS-1 Interkosmos 11 Kosmos 655 Yantar-2K No.1 Kosmos 656 Luna 22 Kosmos 657 ATS-6 Explorer 52 Kosmos 658 OPS 1776 Kosmos 659 Kosmos 660 Kosmos 661 Salyut 3 Kosmos 662 Kosmos 663 Kosmos 664 Kosmos 665 Soyuz 14 Meteor-Priroda No.1 DS-P1-Yu No.68 Kosmos 666 Unnamed OPS 7518 Aeros 2 Molniya-2-10 Kosmos 667 Kosmos 668 Kosmos 669 Nauka-8KS No.3 Molniya-1 No.38 Kosmos 670 Kosmos 671 OPS 6983 Kosmos 672 OPS 3004 Kosmos 673 Soyuz 15 Kosmos 674 Kosmos 675 Unnamed ANS Kosmos 676 Kosmos 677 Kosmos 678 Kosmos 679 Kosmos 680 Kosmos 681 Kosmos 682 Kosmos 683 Kosmos 684 Kosmos 685 Kosmos 686 Westar 2 Kosmos 687 Ariel 5 Kosmos 688 Kosmos 689 Kosmos 690 Molniya-1 No.26 Kosmos 691 Meteor-M No.33 Luna 23 OPS 7122 OPS 6239 OPS 8452 Interkosmos 12 Kosmos 692 Kosmos 693 Fanhui Shi Weixing 1 NOAA-4 OSCAR-7 INTASAT Kosmos 694 Kosmos 695 Molniya-3 No.11 Intelsat IV F-8 Skynet 2B Kosmos 696 Soyuz 16 Helios 1 Kosmos 697 Meteor-M No.32 Kosmos 698 Symphonie 1 Molniya-2-11 Kosmos 699 Salyut 4 Kosmos 700 Kosmos 701
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Crewed flights are indicated inunderline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed initalics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

← 1973

Orbital launches in1974

1975 →

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated inunderline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed initalics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).