Selection of the Democratic Party nominee
1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries Democratic National Convention Candidate George McGovern George Wallace Hubert Humphrey Home state South Dakota Alabama Minnesota Delegate count 1,319.55 371 345.85 Contests won 16 7 5 Popular vote 4,053,451 3,755,424 4,121,372 Percentage 25.00% 23.17% 25.42% Candidate Edmund Muskie Henry M. Jackson Terry Sanford Home state Maine Washington North Carolina Delegate count 172.5 52 28 Contests won 5 1 0 Popular vote 1,840,217 505,198 331,415 Percentage 11.34% 3.11% 2.04% Candidate Wilbur Mills Shirley Chisholm Home state Arkansas New York Delegate count 28 22 Contests won 1 1 Popular vote 37,401 430,703 Percentage 0.23% 2.66%
First place by first-instance vote First place by delegate allocation First place by convention roll call McGovern Humphrey Wallace Muskie Jackson Mills Chisholm Uncommitted
From January 24 to June 20, 1972, voters of theDemocratic Party chose its nominee forpresident in the1972 United States presidential election .Senator George McGovern ofSouth Dakota was selected as the nominee through a series ofprimary elections ,caucuses , and state party conventions, culminating in the1972 Democratic National Convention held from July 10 to July 13, 1972, inMiami, Florida .
The 1968 election was one of the most eventful and influential in the history of theDemocratic Party . The primaries were contested by PresidentLyndon B. Johnson , SenatorEugene McCarthy , and SenatorRobert F. Kennedy . In a shock, McCarthyforced the incumbent president out of the race early by his strong showing in theNew Hampshire primary . Kennedy joined the race soon thereafter, and the two ran on their opposition to Johnson's handling of theVietnam War . They traded primary victories untilKennedy was assassinated in June.
Although Kennedy and McCarthy contested the popular elections, most of the delegates in 1968 were not popularly elected. Thus, with Kennedy dead and McCarthy lacking support from the party establishment, Johnson's vice presidentHubert H. Humphrey was easily nominated on the first ballot at the1968 Democratic National Convention . Humphrey's nomination, the continuing Vietnam War, and the generally closed nature of the nomination process drewmassive protests to Chicago; the convention was generally seen as a major embarrassment for the party, and Humphrey was narrowly defeated in the general election byRichard Nixon .
McGovern-Fraser Commission [ edit ] In response to the 1968 debacle, party leadership established a twenty-eight member committee selected by SenatorFred R. Harris to reform the presidential nomination process for 1972. The committee was led by SenatorGeorge McGovern and RepresentativeDonald M. Fraser . After less than nine months, the committee delivered its guidelines.
The committee focused on two main principles: uniformity and equity. Guidelines required states adopt uniform, explicit delegate selection rules and weight the delegate allocation in favor of politically marginalized groups (women, blacks and those under the age of 30), including the use of quotas.
In general, the state parties complied with the McGovern-Fraser guidelines by adopting the use of primary elections, rather than delegate selection caucuses or conventions. Thus, the 1972 Democratic nomination is typically considered the first modern presidential primary campaign.[citation needed [according to whom? Harris and McGovern, having played a direct role in the reforms and having a detailed knowledge of their impact, were seen to gain an advantage as potential candidates for the nomination.
Nixon administration and 1970 midterm elections [ edit ] As 1972 approached, PresidentRichard Nixon faced uncertain re-election prospects. Nixon had been elected on a platform to end American involvement in Vietnam, but his strategy of gradual "Vietnamization " had proceeded more slowly than planned. TheParis Peace Talks had bogged down, dimming hopes for a negotiated settlement to the war. In fact, Nixon had widened the conflict byinvading Cambodia in 1970, a move that ignited criticism in the press and Congress and widespread disorder on college campuses, including theKent State shootings in May 1970.
On the domestic front,a sharp recession had shaken investor confidence, and Nixon's plan to control inflation withwage and price controls had failed to meet its objective. The administration's attempt to steer a middle course ondesegregation busing andaffirmative action had displeased liberals and conservatives alike.
In the1970 midterm elections , Democrats gained a dozen seats in the House, although their Senate majority was reduced by three seats. Their main success was not in Congress, however, but the states. Eleven different Democratic governors were elected to seats held by Republicans and not a single incumbent Democrat lost re-election.
Pre-primary maneuvering [ edit ] Given Nixon's apparent weakness and the novel use of the primary system, a large field of credible Democratic challengers emerged. 14 Democrats sought their party's nomination[ a] 2016 Republican presidential primaries [ 1] 2020 Democratic presidential primaries .[ 2]
Early speculation surrounded SenatorTed Kennedy , the brother of the late SenatorRobert F. Kennedy who had contested the 1968 nomination. He ruled himself out early in 1971, but nevertheless continued to lead in opinion polling. In the event of abrokered convention , some believed Kennedy could emerge as the consensus nominee. Kennedy supporters took key positions on a number of presidential campaigns, strengthening his odds of gaining the candidates' support in the event they could not secure the required delegates.[ 3]
With Kennedy out, the establishment favorite for the Democratic nomination wasEdmund Muskie ,[ 4] [ 4]
U.S. RepresentativeShirley Chisholm fromQueens , New York, announced her candidacy in January 1972,[ 5] [ 5] [ b] Patsy Mink of Hawaii.[ c]
The following politicians stood as candidates for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination:
Other major candidates [ edit ] These candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.
Candidate Most recent office Home state CampaignWithdrawal date
Ref. Hubert Humphrey U.S. Senator fromMinnesota Vice President of the United States Minnesota Campaign )Declared: January 10, 1972[ 6] [ 7] [ 9] George Wallace Governor of Alabama Alabama Campaign )Declared: January 13, 1972[ 6] [ 7] [ 10] Edmund Muskie U.S. Senator Maine Maine Campaign )Declared: January 4, 1972Suspended campaign: April 27, 1972[ 6] [ 7] [ 11] [ 12] Henry M. Jackson Scoop_Jackson_campaigning_in_1976_(cropped) U.S. Senator Washington Washington Campaign )Declared: November 19, 1971Suspended campaign: May 2, 1972[ 6] [ 7] [ 13] [ 14] Wilbur Mills U.S. Representative Arkansas Arkansas Campaign )Declared: February 11, 1972[ 6] [ 7] [ 15] Shirley Chisholm U.S. Representative New York New York Campaign )Declared: January 25, 1972[ 6] [ 7] [ 16] Terry Sanford Governor of North Carolina North Carolina Campaign )Declared: March 8, 1972[ 6] [ 7] [ 17] John Lindsay Mayor of New York City New York Campaign )Declared: December 28, 1971Withdrew: April 4, 1972[ 6] [ 7] [ 18] [ 19] Eugene McCarthy U.S. Senator Minnesota Minnesota Declared: December 17, 1971[ 6] [ 7] [ 20] Sam Yorty Mayor of Los Angeles California Campaign )Declared: November 16, 1971Withdrew: June 5, 1972 (endorsed Humphrey)[ 6] [ 7] [ 21] [ 22] Vance Hartke U.S. Senator Indiana Indiana Campaign )Declared: January 3, 1972Withdrew: March 26, 1972 (endorsed Humphrey)[ 6] [ 7] [ 23] Patsy Mink U.S. Representative Hawaii Hawaii (Campaign )Declared: October 19, 1971Withdrew: May 24, 1972 [ 6] [ 7] [ 24] [ 25] Fred Harris U.S. Senator Oklahoma Oklahoma Campaign )Declared: September 24, 1971Withdrew: November 10, 1971 (endorsed McGovern on April 27)[ 6] [ 7] [ 26] [ 27] [ 28]
Poll source Publication Birch Bayh
Gallup Jan. 1969 — — — — — 21% — — 45% — 15% 3% — 17% — — — Gallup Oct. 1969 — — — — — 29% — — 27% — 10% 5% — 24% — — — Gallup May. 1970 — — — 1% 1% 16% 10% — 17% — 9% 3% — 23% — — — Gallup Nov. 1970 — — — — — 16% 4% — 31% 1% 6% 2% — 33% 2% — — Gallup Feb. 1971 — — — — — 21% 5% — 25% — 4% 5% — 26% — — — Gallup Apr. 1971 1% — 1% — 1% 18% 4% 2% 29% 2% 3% 5% 1% 21% 2% — — Gallup Apr. 1971 1% — 1% — 1% 18% 4% 2% 29% 2% 3% 5% 1% 21% 2% — — Gallup Jul. 1971 2% — 1% — 1% 18% 3% 2% 22% 1% 6% 5% 1% 22% 1% — — Gallup Aug. 1971 — — — — — 13% 6% — 26% — 4% 6% — 22% — — — Harris[ 35] Sep. 1971 — — — 1% — 16% 7% 2% 26% — 5% 4% 2% 19% 1% — — — — — 1% — 27% 11% 2% — — 7% 5% 2% 27% 2% — — Gallup Nov. 1971 — — — — — 19% 4% 6% 29% — 5% 6% — 24% — — — Harris[ 36] Nov. 1971 — — — — — 15% 9% 2% 25% — 3% 5% 1% 22% 1% — 1% — — — — — 25% 12% 2% — — 4% 6% 2% 27% 2% — 1% Gallup Dec. 1971 — — — — — 19% 4% 4% 32% — 4% 5% — 25% — — 1% — — — — — 34% 8% 5% — — 5% 8% — 31% — — 1% Gallup Jan. 1972 — 2% — — — 17% 5% 2% 27% — 5% 3% — 32% — — 2% — 2% — — — 29% 7% 3% — — 8% 3% — 39% — — 2% Harris[ 37] Jan. 1972 — 3% — — — 23% 7% 5% — — 6% 5% — 30% — — 1% Gallup Feb. 1972 — 2% — — — 23% 2% 3% 24% — 3% 5% — 29% — — 1% — 3% — — — 32% 5% 4% — — 4% 6% — 35% — — 1% Harris[ 38] Feb. 1972 — 5% — — — 18% 6% 4% 15% — 5% 5% — 22% — 11% 1% — 6% — — — 21% 7% 3% — — 5% 8% — 28% — 12% 1% Gallup Mar. 1972 — 2% — — — 31% 7% 3% — — 5% 6% 2% 23% — 15% * — 3% — — — 35% 8% 5% — — 6% 7% 2% 28% — — 1% Gallup Mar. 1972 — 4% — — — 31% 5% 5% — — 4% 5% 1% 22% — 17% * Gallup Apr. 1972 — 5% — — — 30% — 4% — — 3% 17% 1% 17% — 19% 1% Gallup May 1972 — 3% — — — 35% — 3% — — 3% 20% 2% 11% — 18% — Gallup May 1972 — — — — — 26% — — — — — 25% — — — 26% — Gallup Jun. 1972 — 3% — — — 27% — 3% — — 2% 30% 1% 6% — 25% —
Hubert Humphrey made another run at the nomination, in an era when previous nominees were considered legitimate contenders even after losing a general election (Adlai Stevenson had been successful at being re-nominated by Democrats in 1956, and Nixon by the GOP in 1968). He fell just short in delegates, despite winning the popular vote in the 24 states and the District of Columbia which held preference primary and caucus elections open to the rank and file Democratic voter. His bid to contest the results of the California winner-take-all primary failed. Humphrey, like SenatorHenry "Scoop" Jackson , was considered the favorite of the party establishment after Muskie's withdrawal.
Alabama governorGeorge Wallace , with his "outsider" image, did well in the South (he won every county in theFlorida primary with the exception of Miami-Dade)[ 39] Arthur Bremer .
Chairman of theHouse Ways and Means Committee Wilbur Mills was drafted by friends and fellow Congressmen to make himself available as a candidate for the primaries. To position himself to appeal to senior citizens during the 1972 presidential campaign, Mills championed the automatic Cost Of Living Adjustment (COLA) toSocial Security . He was not strong in the primaries and won 33 votes for president from the delegates at the 1972 Democratic National Convention which nominated SenatorGeorge McGovern .
Washington SenatorScoop Jackson was little known nationally when he first ran for president in 1972. McGovern accused Jackson ofracism for his opposition tobusing . Jackson's high point in the campaign was a distant third in the early Florida primary, but he failed to stand out of the pack of better-known rivals, and only made real news later in the campaign as part of the "Anybody but McGovern" coalition, that raised what would be known as the "Acid, Amnesty and Abortion" questions about McGovern. Jackson suspended active campaigning in May after a weak showing in the Ohio primary. Jackson did re-emerge at the August Democratic convention after runner-up Humphrey dropped out of the race. Jackson's name was placed in nomination by Georgia GovernorJimmy Carter , and he finished second in the delegate roll call, well behind nominee McGovern.[ 40] [ 41]
March 7: New Hampshire [ edit ] Prior to the New Hampshire primary, the "Canuck Letter " was published in theManchester Union-Leader dirty tricks " campaign by Nixon staffers)[ 42] French-Canadians . The paper subsequently published an attack on Muskie's wifeJane , reporting that she drank and used off-color language. Muskie made an emotional defense of his wife in a speech outside the newspaper's offices during a snowstorm. Though Muskie later stated that what had appeared to the press as tears were actually melted snowflakes, the press reported that Muskie broke down and cried.[ 43] Gary Hart .
[ edit ] While campaigning inLaurel, Maryland , on May 15, 1972, Wallace was shot five times byArthur Bremer . Three others wounded in the shooting also survived. Bremer's diary, published after his arrest as a book titledAn Assassin's Diary , showed that Bremer's assassination attempt was not motivated by politics, but by a desire for fame, and that President Nixon had been a possible target. The assassination attempt left Wallace paralyzed for the rest of his life, as one of the bullets had lodged in his spinal column.
As a result of the shooting,President Nixon dispatchedSecret Service protection to RepresentativesShirley Chisholm andWilbur Mills (two candidates who had not been assigned Secret Service details up to then) as well as SenatorTed Kennedy (though not running, because of his brothersJohn andRobert having been assassinated).[ 44]
Following the shooting, Wallace won the May 16 primaries in Maryland and Michigan. Wallace spoke at the Democratic National Convention from his wheelchair in Miami on July 11, 1972. Bremer was sentenced to 53 years in prison for the shooting. He served 35 years of the sentence and was released on parole on November 9, 2007.
In a widely noted 1992 article, journalistSeymour Hersh claimed thatsecret recordings of Nixon prove that, within hours of the assassination attempt, the president and a top aide dispatched a political operative,E. Howard Hunt , who rushed to Milwaukee with plans tosurreptitiously enter Bremer's apartment and plant the campaign literature of Democratic contenderGeorge McGovern .[ 45] History News Network did not turn up any evidence of the clandestine operation described by Hersh. While the tapes did show that Nixon had instructed presidential aideCharles W. Colson to anonymously spread the false rumor that there was "unmistakable evidence" that Bremer had been "a supporter of McGovern and Kennedy", there was no apparent trace of Nixon tasking subordinates with entering Bremer's apartment to plant Democratic campaign materials.[ 46]
George McGovern
McGovern had received endorsements from:
Executive Branch Officials Department of State Officials U.S. Senators Current Former U.S. Representatives Current Former Governors Current State Executive Officials Current Lieutenant Governors Treasurers State Representatives Current California Florida Georgia New York Local and county officials Current Executive Officials Legislative Officials Party Officials Current State Party Officials Former State Party Officials Business Leaders Business Leaders Political Operatives Actors Jack Albertson , Actor, Comedian and Singer[ 69] Alan Arkin , Actor and Director[ 69] Warren Beatty , Actor[ 73] Polly Bergen , Actress[ 68] Red Buttons , Actor and Comedian[ 69] Julie Christie , Actress[ 73] Mike Connors , Actor[ 69] Tony Curtis , Actor[ 69] Britt Ekland , Actress[ 68] Anthony Franciosa , Actor[ 69] Ben Gazzara , Actor and Director[ 69] Elliott Gould , Actor[ 69] Tammy Grimes , Actress[ 69] Gene Hackman , Actor[ 74] Julie Harris , Actress[ 69] Dustin Hoffman , Actor[ 69] Marsha Hunt , Actress[ 69] Jane Fonda , Actress[ 74] James Earl Jones , Actor[ 69] Goldie Hawn , Actress[ 68] Elia Kazan , Director[ 69] Sally Kellerman , Actress[ 69] Gene Kelly , Actor and Singer[ 69] Eartha Kitt , Actress[ 69] Jack Klugman , Actor[ 69] Burt Lancaster , Actor[ 73] Jack Lemmon , Actor[ 74] Shirley MacLaine , Actress[ 73] Karl Malden , Actor[ 69] Fredric March , Actor[ 69] Walter Matthau , Actor, Director and Comedian[ 69] Elaine May , Actress, Comedian and Playwright[ 69] Vera Miles , Actress[ 69] Rita Moreno , Actress and Singer[ 69] Robert Morse , Actor[ 69] Paul Newman , Actor and Director[ 69] Mike Nichols , Actor and Director[ 73] Jack Nicholson , Actor[ 68] Leonard Nimoy , Actor[ 68] Ryan O'Neal , Actor[ 74] Hal Prince , Director[ 69] Tom Poston , Actor[ 69] Tony Randall , Actor[ 69] Janice Rule , Actress and Psychotherapist[ 69] Barbara Rush , Actress[ 68] Robert Ryan , Actor[ 69] Eva Marie Saint , Actress[ 69] Tom Smothers , Actor, Comedian, Musician[ 69] Rod Steiger , Actor[ 69] Marlo Thomas , Actress[ 74] Lily Tomlin , Actress, Comedian and Singer[ 69] Robert Vaughn , Actor[ 69] Jon Voight , Actor[ 75] Eli Wallach , Actor[ 69] Dennis Weaver , Actor[ 68] Raquel Welch , Actress[ 74] Gene Wilder , Actor, Comedian and Filmmaker[ 69] Joanne Woodward , Actress[ 69] Musicians Ed Ames , Singer and Actor[ 69] Dave Brubeck , Jazz Pianist and Composer[ 69] Sonny Bono , Singer[ 69] Judy Collins , Singer[ 69] Peter Duchin , Pianist[ 74] Cass Elliot , Singer[ 75] Carole King , Singer[ 76] Tom Lehrer , Singer and Satirist[ 69] Alan Lerner , Lyricist and Librettist[ 69] Quincy Jones , Composer and Conductor[ 77] Henry Mancini , Composer and Conductor[ 69] Herbie Mann , Jazz Flutist[ 69] Joni Mitchell , Singer and Multi-instrumentalist[ 78] Michelle Phillips , Singer[ 68] Cher , Singer and Actress[ 69] Artie Shaw , Clarinetist, Composer, Actor and Director[ 69] Carly Simon , Singer, Memoirist, Author[ 69] Paul Simon , Singer[ 78] Barbra Streisand , Singer[ 76] James Taylor , Singer and Guitarist[ 76] Mary Travers , Singer[ 69] Andy Williams , Singer[ 69] Ruth Warrick , Singer and Actress[ 69] Academics Thomas Adams , President of theMassachusetts Historical Society [ 47] Stephen Birmingham , Author[ 69] Mary Bunting , Bacterial Geneticist[ 47] Owen Chamberlain , Physicist[ 79] Salvador Luria , Microbiologist[ 79] Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. , Historian[ 80] Neil Simon , Playwright and Author[ 69] Albert Szent-Györgyi , Biochemist[ 79] Richard Clement Wade , Historian[ 79] George Wald , Scientist[ 81] Sports Figures Religious Figures Activists and Public Figures Newspapers
George Wallace
Wallace had received endorsements from:
U.S. Senators Current Governors Former State Executive Officials Current Lieutenant Governors Secretaries of State Treasurers Auditors Agriculture Commissioners Public Service Commissioners State Senators Current Florida Georgia Local and county officials Current Mayors Business Leaders Actors Musicians Activists and public figures Organizations State political parties Independent Party of South Carolina[ 105] American Party of South Carolina[ 105]
Hubert Humphrey
Humphrey had received endorsements from:
Executive Branch Officials Cabinet Level Officials Department of State Officials U.S. Senators Current Governors Former State Senators Former Florida State Representatives Current Ohio State Representatives Former Florida Local and county officials Current Mayors Joseph Alioto , Mayor ofSan Francisco, California (1968-1976)[ 109] Ted Berry , Mayor ofCincinnati, Ohio (1972-1976)[ 110] Alfonso Cervantes , Mayor ofSt. Louis, Missouri (1965-1973)[ 110] Chuck Hall , Mayor ofMiami Beach, Florida (1971-1974)[ 61] David T. Kennedy , Mayor ofMiami, Florida (1970-1973)[ 61] James McGee , Mayor ofDayton, Ohio (1970-1982)[ 78] Former Mayors Business Leaders Actors Dick Shawn , Actor and Comedian[ 69] Musicians Sports Figures Activists and public figures Organizations Labor Unions Newspapers
Edmund Muskie (To April 27th, 1972)
Muskie had received endorsements from:
Executive Branch Officials Department of State Officials U.S. Senators Current Quentin Burdick ,U.S. Senator forNorth Dakota (1960-1992)[ 120] Frank Church ,U.S. Senator forIdaho (1957-1981)[ 121] Thomas Eagleton ,U.S. Senator forMissouri (1968-1987)[ 122] Mike Gravel ,U.S. Senator [ 120] Philip Hart ,U.S. Senator forMichigan (1959-1976)[ 123] Harold Hughes ,U.S. Senator forIowa (1969-1975)[ 124] Thomas McIntyre ,U.S. Senator forNew Hampshire (1962-1979)[ 125] Lee Metcalf ,U.S. Senator forMontana (1961-1978)[ 120] Frank Moss ,U.S. Senator forUtah (1959-1977)[ 126] Adlai Stevenson III ,U.S. Senator forIllinois (1970-1981)[ 127] Stuart Symington ,U.S. Senator forMissouri (1953-1976)[ 122] John Tunney ,U.S. Senator forCalifornia (1971-1977)[ 127] Harrison Williams ,U.S. Senator forNew Jersey (1959-1982)[ 127] Former U.S. Representatives Current Former Governors Current Former State Executive Officials Current Secretary of State Attorney Generals Treasurers Auditors State Senators Current Arizona Sam Lenoard Lena, 12-Pima (1971-1975)[ 116] California Florida Massachusetts Former Florida John E. Mathews, ? District (?)[ 61] State Representatives Current California Mike Cullen, 44th District (1967-1974)[ 131] Joe Gonsalves, 44th District (1963-1974)[ 131] John Quimby , 72nd District (1963-1974)[ 131] Florida George Baumgartner , 107th District (1968-1972)[ 61] Dick Clark , 93rd District (1968-1976)[ 61] Murray Dubbin , 95th District (1963-1974)[ 61] Harold Featherstone , 101st District (1967-1972)[ 61] Jeff Gautier , 109th District (1968-1972)[ 61] Joe Lang Kershaw , 105th District (1968-1982)[ 61] Elvin Martinez , ? District (1966-1998)[ 61] Richard Pettigrew , 97th District (1963-1972)[ 61] Carl Singleton , 103rd District (1968-1972)[ 61] Guy Spicola , 62nd District (1971-1973)[ 61] Edward Trombetta , 89th District (1970-1972)[ 61] Ralph Turlington , ? District (1950-1974)[ 61] Louis Wolfson , ? District (1963-1973)[ 61] Massachusetts Former Florida Local and county officials Current Mayors Former Mayors Party Officials Former State Party Officials Business Leaders Actors Jim Backus , Actor[ 69] Gene Barry , Actor[ 69] Jackie Cooper , Actor and Director[ 69] Richard Crenna , Actor[ 69] Henry Fonda , Actor[ 74] Peter Fonda , Actor[ 74] Rosey Grier , Actor and Singer[ 74] Jack Lemmon , Actor[ 74] Darren McGavin , Actor[ 69] Greg Morris , Actor[ 69] Ryan O'Neal , Actor[ 74] Edward G. Robinson , Actor[ 69] Leslie Uggams , Actress and Singer[ 69] Shelley Winters , Actress[ 69] Natalie Wood , Actress[ 69] Musicians Sports Figures Activists and public figures
Scoop Jackson (To May 2nd, 1972)
Jackson had received endorsements from:
U.S. Senators Current Former U.S. Representatives Current Governors Former State Executive Officials Current Treasurers Others State Senators Former Florida State Representatives Current Florida Tennessee Former Florida Local and county officials Current Mayors Business Leaders Political Operatives Academics Newspapers
Shirley Chisholm
Chisholm had received endorsements from:
U.S. Representatives Current State Representatives Current Florida Local and county officials Current Mayors Executive Officials Actors Musicians Academics Religious Figures Activists and public figures Geraldine Travis [ 157] Organizations Political Parties State Political Parties
Terry Sanford
Sanford had received endorsements from:
Executive Branch Officials Cabinet-level Officials U.S. Senators Current U.S. Representatives Current Former Governors Current State Executive Officials Current Attorney Generals Activists and public figures
John Lindsay (To April 4th, 1972)
Lindsay had received endorsements from:
Executive Branch Officials Cabinet Level Officials State Senators Current Florida New York Wisconsin Former Florida Local and county officials Current Mayors Local and County Executive Officials Local and county officials Former Local and County Executive Officials Party Officials Former State Party Officials Business Leaders Political Operatives Actors Activists and public figures
Fred Harris (To November 10th, 1971)
Harris had received endorsements from:
Executive Branch Officials Department of State Officials Business Leaders
Birch Bayh (To October 12th, 1971)
Bayh had received endorsements from:
State Senators Current California State Representatives Current California
Schedule and results [ edit ] Date Pledged Contestand total popular vote Delegates won and popular vote[ h] George McGovern Hubert Humphrey George Wallace Edmund Muskie Henry Jackson Wilbur Mills Shirley Chisholm John Lindsay Other January 25 0 Iowa[ i] caucuses (22.6%) (1.6%) – (35.5%) (1.1%) – (1.3%) – (35.8%) [ j] January 29 500SDs Arizona[ 176] caucuses 102SDs 2SDs – 189SDs 2SDs – 1SDs 118SDs 86SDs[ k] February 12 25 Arizona[ 177] convention 5 – – 9 – – – 6 5[ l] February 26 3,641SDs Iowa[ 178] county conventions 983SDs – – 1,409SDs – – – – 1,249SDs[ m] February 27 25 Mississippi convention[ n] [ 179] [ 180] – – – – – – – – 25[ o] March 7 20 New Hampshire [ 181] 88,854 6 348 (0.4%) 175 (0.2%) 1441,235 (46.4%) 197 (0.2%) 3,563 (4.0%) – – 10,329 (11.6%) March 11 40 Georgia[ 182] district conventions 4 – – – – 1 5 – 30[ p] March 14 81 Florida[ 183] 1,264,554 78,232 (6.2%) 6234,658 (18.6%) 75526,651 (41.7%) 112,523 (8.9%) 170,156 (13.5%) 4,539 (0.4%) 43,989 (3.5%) 82,386 (6.5%) 11,420 (0.9%) [ q] March 21 160 Illinois[ 184] [ 185] [ r] 1,225,144 3143,687 (0.3%) 1,476 (0.1%) 7,017 (0.6%) 59766,914 (62.6%) 442 (0.0%) – 777 (0.1%) 118 (0.0%) 88[ s] 444,713 (36.3%) [ t] March 25 34 (of 44) Iowa[ 186] district conventions 12 – – 14 – – – – 8[ u] March 29 32 South Carolina[ 187] convention – – – – – – – – 32[ v] April 4 67 Wisconsin[ 188] 1,128,584 54333,528 (29.6%) 13233,748 (20.7%) 248,676 (22.0%) 115,811 (10.3%) 88,068 (7.8%) 913 (0.1%) 9,198 (0.8%) 75,579 (6.7%) 22,880[ w] April 17 425SDs Idaho[ 189] caucuses 191SDs 21SDs 4SDs 76SDs 5SDs – 20SDs – 107SDs[ x] April 20 1,146SDs Vermont[ 190] caucuses 504SDs 18SDs 1SDs 309SDs 1SDs 2SDs 2SDs – 165SDs[ y] April 25 102 Massachusetts[ 191] 618,516 102 48,929 (7.9%) 45,807 (7.4%) [ z] 131,709 (21.3%) 8,499 (1.4%) 19,441 (3.1%) [ aa] 22,398 (3.6%) 2,107 (0.3%) [ ab] 16,060[ ac] 182[ ad] Pennsylvania[ 192] [ 193] [ r] 54[ ae] 280,861 (20.43%) 74[ af] 481,900 (35.05%) 2292,437 (21.27%) 40[ ag] 279,983 (20.36%) 38,767 (2.8%) – 336 (0.0%) – 12[ ah] [ ai] 610 (0.0%) [ aj] April 28–30 11 Nevada[ 194] convention 4.95 1.65 – – – – – – 4.40[ ak] April 29 1,944SDs Kentucky[ 195] caucuses 381SDs 6SDs 22SDs 59SDs – – – – 1,526SDs[ al] May 2 29 (of 37) Alabama[ 196] convention – – 23 – – – – – 6[ am] 76 Indiana[ 197] 751,458 – 49354,244 (47.1%) 27309,495 (41.2%) 87,719 (11.67%) – – – – – 145 (of 153) Ohio[ 198] [ 199] 1,205,194 66478,434 (39.7%) 74497,538 (41.3%) – 105,903 (8.8%) 97,896 (8.1%) – – – 13[ an] 25,423 (2.1%) [ ao] 20 Washington D.C.[ 200] 29,560 – – – – – – – – 2029,560 (100.00%) May 4 49 Tennessee[ 201] 492,721 35,551 (7.2%) 78,350 (15.9%) 49335,858 (68.2%) 9,634 (2.0%) 5,896 (1.2%) 2,543 (0.5%) 18,809 (3.8%) 1,476 (0.3%) 4,604 (0.9%) [ ap] May 5[ aq] 51 (of 64) Minnesota[ 202] district conventions 14 26 – – – – 6 – – May 6 57 North Carolina[ 181] 821,410 – – 37413,518 (50.3%) 30,739 (3.7%) 9,416 (1.2%) – 61,723 (7.5%) – 27[ ar] 306,014 (37.3%) May 9 22 Nebraska[ 203] 192,137 1879,309 (41.3%) 465,968 (34.3%) 23,912 (12.5%) 6,886 (3.6%) 5,276 (2.8%) 377 (0.2%) 1,763 (0.9%) 1,244 (0.7%) 7,402[ as] 35 West Virginia[ 204] [ r] 368,484 7[ at] 14[ au] 246,596 (66.9%) 5[ av] 121,888 (33.1%) – – – – – 9[ aw] May 12 11 Wyoming[ 205] convention 0.55 – – – – – – – 10.45[ ax] May 13 3 Panama Canal Zone[ 206] convention 2.5 – – – – – – – 0.5[ ay] 30 (of 35) Kansas[ 207] district conventions 12 – – – – – – – 18[ az] 44[ ba] Louisiana[ 208] [ 209] district conventions 10 – 3 – – – – – 32[ bb] May 16 53 Maryland[ 210] 568,131 6126,978 (22.4%) 6151,981 (26.8%) 41219,687 (38.7%) 13,363 (2.4%) 17,728 (3.1%) 4,776 (0.8%) 12,602 (2.2%) 2,168 (0.4%) 18,848 (3.3%) [ bc] 132 Michigan[ 211] [ 212] 1,588,073 38425,694 (26.8%) 27249,798 (15.7%) 67809,239 (51.0%) 38,701 (2.4%) 6,938 (0.4%) – 44,090 (2.8%) – 10,751 (0.7%) [ bd] May 19 20 Maine[ 213] convention – – – 20 – – – – – May 19–21 17 Hawaii[ 214] [ 215] convention 1.5 – – – – – – – 15.5[ be] May 20 10 (of 44) Iowa[ 216] convention 5 – – 3 – – – – 2[ bf] 12 Vermont[ 217] convention 9 – – 3 – – – – – 46 (of 52) Washington[ 218] [ 219] district conventions 0[ bg] – – – 46 – – – – May 23 55 (of 73) Missouri[ 220] district conventions 11 – – – – – – – 44 [ bh] 34 Oregon[ 221] 408,644 34205,328 (50.3%) 51,163 (12.5%) 81,868 (20.0%) 10,244 (2.5%) 22,042 (5.4%) 1,208 (0.3%) 2,975 (0.7%) 5,082 (1.2%) 28,734 (7.0%) [ bi] 22 Rhode Island[ 222] 37,864 2215,603 (41.2%) 7,701 (20.3%) 5,802 (15.3%) 7,838 (20.7%) 138 (0.4%) 41 (0.1%) – – 741 (1.3%) [ bj] May 26 10 Alaska[ 223] convention – – – – – – – – 10[ bk] May 27 3 Guam[ 224] convention 1 1.5 – 0.5 – – – – – 3 Virgin Islands[ 225] [ 226] convention – – – – – – – – 3 June 2 38 (of 51) Connecticut[ 227] district conventions 15 – – – – – – – 23 [ bl] 35 (of 47) Kentucky[ 228] district conventions 7 – – – – – – – 28 [ bm] June 3 12 (of 47) Kentucky[ 228] convention 3 – – – – – – – 9 [ bn] 30 (of 39) Oklahoma[ 229] district conventions 10 – – – – – – – 20 [ bo] June 6 271 California primary[ 230] 3,564,518 2711,550,652 (43.5%) 1,375,064 (38.6%) 268,551 (7.5%) 72,701 (2.0%) 28,901 (0.8%) – 157,435 (4.4%) 26,246 (0.7%) 84,968 (2.4%) [ bp] 17 South Dakota[ 231] 28,017 1728,017 (100.0%) – – – – – – – – 109 New Jersey [ 232] [ 233] [ r] 76,834 72 –10 – – – – 51,433 (66.9%) – 27[ bq] 25,401 (33.1%) [ br] 18 New Mexico[ 232] 153,293 1051,011 (33.3%) 39,768 (25.9%) 844,843 (29.3%) 6,411 (4.2%) 4,236 (2.8%) – 3,205 (2.1%) – 3,819 (2.5%) [ bs] June 9 13 (of 64) Minnesota[ 234] convention 5 7 – – – – 1 – – 41 (of 53) Virginia[ 235] [ 236] district conventions 18 2 – 1 – – – – 20 [ bt] June 10 5 (of 35) Kansas[ 237] convention – – – – – – – – 5[ bu] 18 (of 73) Missouri[ 238] convention – – – – – – – – 18 [ bv] 9 (of 39) Oklahoma[ 239] convention 3[ bw] – – – – – – – 6 [ bx] 12 (of 53) Virginia[ 236] [ 240] convention 9 1 – – – – 2 – – June 13 130 Texas[ 241] convention 34 21 42 – – – – – 33[ by] June 16 27 (of 36) Colorado[ 242] [ 243] district conventions 17 6 – – – – 1 – 13[ bz] 13 (of 51) Connecticut[ 244] convention 5 – – – – – – – 8[ ca] 17 Idaho[ 245] convention 7 1 – 3 – – 2 – 4[ cb] 14 North Dakota[ 246] convention 7.7 4.2 – – – – – – 2.1[ cc] 19 Utah[ 247] convention 11 – – – – – – – 8[ cd] June 17 17 Montana[ 248] convention 14.5 – – – – – 1 – 1.5[ ce] 7 Puerto Rico[ 249] convention 6 0.5 – – – – – – 0.5[ cf] June 18 9 (of 36) Colorado[ 250] convention 7 1 – – – – – – 1[ cg] June 20 278[ ch] New York[ 251] [ 252] 251 – – 1 – – 4 – 22[ ci] June 23 6 (of 52) Washington[ 253] convention – – – – 6 – – – – June 24 27 Arkansas[ 254] convention – – – – – 27 – – – 13 Delaware[ 255] convention 5.85 – – – – – – – 7.15[ cj] Total pledged delegates 1319.554,051,565 (25.0%) 345.854,119,230 (25.4%) 3713,755,424 (23.2%) 172.51,838,314 (11.3%) 52504,596 (3.1%) 2837,401 (0.2%) 22430,733 (2.7%) 6196,406 (1.2%) 638.6721,117 (4.3%) June 27 Estimate[ 256] 1,466.15 385.50 377 208.85 53.75 30.55 23.65 0 468.25
1972 Democratic primary results by county popular vote[ ck] McGovern—20–30%
McGovern—30–40%
McGovern—40–50%
McGovern—50–60%
McGovern—60–70%
McGovern—70–80%
McGovern—90–100%
Humphrey—20–30%
Humphrey—30–40%
Humphrey—40–50%
Humphrey—50–60%
Humphrey—60–70%
Humphrey—70–80%
Wallace—20–30%
Wallace—30–40%
Wallace—40–50%
Wallace—50–60%
Wallace—60–70%
Wallace—70–80%
Wallace—80–90%
Muskie—30–40%
Muskie—40–50%
Muskie—50–60%
Muskie—60–70%
Muskie—70–80%
Muskie—80–90%
Chisholm—50–60%
Chisholm—60–70%
Chisholm—70–80%
Chisholm—80–90%
Sanford—30–40%
Sanford—40–50%
Sanford—50–60%
Sanford—60–70%
1972 Democratic primary results by county popular vote George McGovern (red)
Hubert Humphrey (blue)
George Wallace (green)
Edmund Muskie (brown)
Eugene McCarthy (black)
Shirley Chisholm (gold)
Terry Sanford (orange)
Scoop Jackson (pink)
Uncommitted (yellow)
Total primaries popular vote [ edit ] 1972Democratic Party presidential primaries[ 257] Candidate Votes % Hubert H. Humphrey 4,121,372 25.8 George S. McGovern 4,053,451 25.3 George C. Wallace 3,755,424 23.5 Edmund S. Muskie 1,840,217 11.5 Eugene J. McCarthy 553,955 3.5 Henry M. Jackson 505,198 3.2 Shirley A. Chisholm 430,703 2.7 James T. Sanford 331,415 2.1 John V. Lindsay 196,406 1.2 Sam W. Yorty 79,446 0.5 Wilbur D. Mills 37,401 0.2 Walter E. Fauntroy 21,217 0.1 Unpledged delegates 19,533 0.1 Edward M. Kennedy 16,693 0.1 Rupert V. Hartke 11,798 0.1 Patsy M. Mink 8,286 0.1 "None of the names shown" 6,269 0 Others 5,181 0 Total votes 15,993,965 100
In the end, McGovern succeeded in winning the nomination by winning primaries through grass-roots support in spite of establishment opposition. He had led a commission to redesign the Democratic nomination system after the messy and confused nomination struggle and convention of 1968. The fundamental principle of theMcGovern-Fraser Commission —that the Democratic primaries should determine the winner of the Democratic nomination—lasted throughout every subsequent nomination contest. However, the new rules angered many prominent Democrats whose influence was marginalized, and those politicians refused to support McGovern's campaign (some even supporting Nixon instead), leaving the McGovern campaign at a significant disadvantage in funding compared to Nixon.[citation needed
^ This number doesn't includeWalter Fauntroy ,Wayne Hays , andCarl Stokes , who were considered to be favorite sons ^ Channing Phillips had previously been placed in nomination at the 1968 convention and won theWashington D.C. delegation but was not a contender for national support.[citation needed ^ SenatorMargaret Chase Smith had previouslycontested the Republican nomination in 1964 . ^ ReplacingThomas Eagleton ^ Endorsed McGovern in the Ohio Presidential Primary ^ Endorsed Chisholm in the Michigan Presidential Primary ^ Switched to McGovern on July 9th. ^ This should not be taken as a finalized list of results. While a significant amount of research was done, there were a number of Delegates who were not bound by the instruction, or "Pledged" to a candidate, and to simplify the data these delegates were considered "Uncommitted". Many states also held primaries for the delegate positions, and these on occasion were where slates or candidates pledged to a certain candidate might be elected; however, as these elections allowed for a single person to vote for multiple candidates, as many as the number of positions being filled, it is difficult to determine how many people actually voted in these primaries. For this reason, while such results may be found, they are not included in the popular vote summaries at the bottom of the table. ^ Technically this is only a partial result; over two dozen counties did not hold caucuses when these results were announced, accounting for around (12%) of the expected number of Caucus goers. However, a full tabulation including these counties was not found. Only percentages were found in terms of the number of delegates elected per candidate, not their number nor their total allotment. ^ 35.8% for uncommitted delegates and 1.4% for delegates pledged toEugene McCarthy . ^ All were Uncommitted except one for Vance Hartke. ^ Both are Uncommitted. ^ 1,176 SDs were Uncommitted and 73 SDs were for other candidates. ^ Two rival delegate slates were named, as the Mississippi Democratic party was severely divided between White-lead Regulars and Black-lead Loyalists, with their contests being held at different dates. As the Loyalists were the ones seated at the National Convention, it is their slate and nomination date that is presented here. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ Includes 5,847 for Eugene McCarthy, 2,564 for Sam Yorty and 3,009 for Vance Hartke. ^a b c d There were two primaries in this state: a non-binding preference primary in which eligible voters cast ballots directly for a candidate and a delegate primary in which delegates to the National Convention were elected. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ Includes 444,260 votes forEugene McCarthy and 242 write-In votes forTed Kennedy . ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ Both are Uncommitted. ^ 15,543 forEugene McCarthy , 2,349 forSam Yorty , 1,213 forPatsy Mink , 766 forVance Hartke and 2,450 votes for "None of the Names Shown". ^ All were Uncommitted except one forPatsy Mink . ^ All were Uncommitted except two, which were pledged toTed Kennedy . ^ Technically won seven delegates, but these delegates were required to vote for McGovern on the first ballot. ^ Technically won five delegates, these delegates were technically required to vote for McGovern on the first ballot. ^ Technically Uncommmited won one delegate, but they were required to vote for McGovern on the first ballot. ^ Includes 8,736 votes forEugene McCarthy , 2,348 write-in votes forTed Kennedy 874 votes forVance Hartke , 646 votes forSam Yorty and 589 votes for Edward T. Coll. ^ 45 delegates were technically named later in mid-June, 27 by the elected delegates and 18 by the Democratic State Committee. ^ 14 delegates were named later in June. ^ 19 delegates were named later in June. ^ 11 delegates were named later in June. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ 1 delegate was named later in June. ^ Includes 262 write-in votes for Richard Nixon. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All were Uncommitted bar one, who was pledged to Senator Edward Kennedy. ^ All are part of an Anti-Wallace slate. ^ A slate of eight delegates supporting Cleveland Mayor Carl Stokes was elected in the 21st District, and a slate of five delegates supporting Congressman Wayne Hays was elected in the 18th District. ^ 25,423 votes forEugene McCarthy . ^ Includes 2,267 votes forEugene McCarthy , 1,621 votes forVance Hartke , 692 votes forSam Yorty and 24 votes for unknown others. ^ Some district conventions were held earlier in April. ^ All delegates and votes forTerry Sanford . ^ Includes 3,459 forSam Yorty , 3,194 votes forEugene McCarthy , 293 write-in votes forTed Kennedy and 249 forVance Hartke . ^ Uncommitted by state law. ^ Uncommitted by state law. ^ Uncommitted by state law. ^ All are Uncommitted ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ Four delegates were picked on May 20. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ Includes 12,584 votes forSam Yorty , 4691 votes forEugene McCarthy and 573 votes forPatsy Mink . ^ 10,700 votes are for an uncommitted slate and 2,862 are forVance Hartke . ^ All are Uncommitted except 1.5 forPatsy Mink . ^ Both are Uncommitted. ^ McGovern won eight delegates in these contests, but they were later replaced by Jackson delegates at the state convention. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ Includes 12,673 votes forTed Kennedy , 8,943 votes for Eugene McCarthy, 6,500 votes forPatsy Mink , and 480 write-in votes forRichard Nixon . ^ Includes 710 votes for an uncommitted slate, 245 votes forEugene McCarthy and 6 votes forSam Yorty . ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ Includes 50,745 votes forSam Yorty , 34,203 votes forEugene McCarthy , and 20 write-in votes. ^ All 27 delegates were uncommitted. ^ 25,401 votes were cast in the preference primary for Terry Sanford. ^ All votes are for an Uncommitted slate. ^ 19 delegates were uncommitted and one was pledged to Terry Sanford. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ This was suspected, not confirmed. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ Is Uncommitted. ^ 30 were named on the June 25th by the Democratic State Committee. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ All are Uncommitted. ^ In Iowa, the results by county were not recorded, however it was recorded by congressional district. ^ Benen, Steve (May 5, 2015)."Biggest. Field. Ever" . MSNBC.^ Jacobson, Louis (May 2, 2019)."Warren just took the lead in a key polling average. History is vague on what happens next" .PolitiFact Archived from the original on May 22, 2019. RetrievedJune 23, 2019 . ^ Jack Anderson (June 4, 1971)."Don't count out Ted Kennedy" .The Free Lance–Star ^a b Frum, David (2000).How We Got Here: The '70s 298 .ISBN 0-465-04195-7 ^a b Freeman, Jo (February 2005)."Shirley Chisholm's 1972 Presidential Campaign" .University of Illinois at Chicago Women's History Project . Archived fromthe original on 2015-01-26. ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "CQ Almanac Online Edition" .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "McGovern Shy 130 Votes as Delegate Choice Ends; Tally Finds McGovern is Shy 130 Votes" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "McGovern Assails Nixon on Cambodia" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Humphrey Joins the Race; Asks U.S. To End War Now; Humphrey in Race; Urges War End Now" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Wallace Joins Florida Race as Democrat; Wallace Enters Primary in Florida as a Democrat" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Muskie Formally in Race; Pledges 'a New Beginning'; Muskie Formally in Nomination Race" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Admits Strategy Failed; Muskie Abandons Primary Contention" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Jackson Cites Lack of Funds in Quitting" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Jackson in Race; He Asserts Nixon Fails to Win Trust; Jackson in Race for President; Says Nixon Fails to Win Trust" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Rep. Mills Officially Enters Race for the Democratic Nomination; Mills Joins Race for Nomination" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "New Hat in Ring: Mrs. Chisolm's; Representative is Seeking Presidency as Democrat Mrs. Chisholm Joins Presidential Race" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Sanford, Ex-Governor, Runs in Carolina for White House" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Lindsay, in Race, Scores His Rivals; in Miami, He Also Attacks Nixon -- Says Washington Ignores Cities' Problems Lindsay, in Race, Attacks Nixon and Rivals in Democratic Party" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Mayor Runs Sixth; Says Returns Indicate He Cannot Continue as a Candidate Lindsay Quits the Race After Sixth-Place Finish" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "McCarthy, Casually, Enters the '72 Race; A Casual McCarthy Enters 1972 Race" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Yorty Enters Race; Eyes 2 Primaries; Yorty Enters Race; Eyes Two Primaries" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Minnesotan Won't Quit; Humphrey Concedes Loss in California Voting Today" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Petitions Raise Hartke Hopes" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Rep. Mink Withdraws from President Race" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "19 Oct 1971, 10 - Hawaii Tribune-Herald at" . Newspapers.com. 1971-10-19. Retrieved2022-05-27 .^ "Harris in Race for Presidency, the Second Democrat to Declare; Harris in Race for Presidency, the Second Democrat to Declare" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Harris, Declaring 'I Am Broke,' Withdraws from '72 Contention; $40,000 in Debt, Oklahoman Abandons a Short Campaign Based on 'New Populism' (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "27 Apr 1972, Page 8 - The Akron Beacon Journal at" . Newspapers.com. 1972-04-27. Retrieved2022-05-27 .^ "Bayh Quits Race; Cites Wife's Illness" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Hughes Quits as Presidential Aspirant" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Proxmire States He Will Not Run; Opens Way for McGovern in the Wisconsin Primary" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "31 Mar 1972, Page 2 - El Paso Herald-Post at" . Newspapers.com. 1972-03-31. Retrieved2022-05-27 .^ "Black in Capital to Enter Primary; Fauntroy to Run May 2 as Favorite-Son Candidate" (PDF) .The New York Times .^a b "Humphrey Victor in Ohio Vote; Wallace Wins Tennessee Race; HUMPHREY VICTOR BY SLIM OHIO EDGE" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "15 Nov 1971, Page 30 - The Philadelphia Inquirer at" . Newspapers.com. 1971-11-15. Retrieved2022-05-27 .^ "13 Dec 1971, Page 20 - The Ithaca Journal at" . Newspapers.com. 1971-12-13. Retrieved2022-05-27 .^ "20 Jan 1972, Page 4 - The Orlando Sentinel at" . Newspapers.com. 1972-01-20. Retrieved2022-05-27 .^ "28 Feb 1972, Page 17 - The Ithaca Journal at" . Newspapers.com. 1972-02-28. Retrieved2022-05-27 .^ Pantazi, Andrew (2016)."Past Duval Presidential Elections" .Jacksonville.com . The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved25 December 2018 .Later that year segregationist George Wallace would be shot and handicapped, but before then, he won Florida's primary decisively, carrying every county but Miami-Dade. ^ Salam, Reihan (May 27, 2003)."Double Scoop" .The New Republic Online . ^ "A Message of Discontent from Wisconsin Archived 2007-11-18 at theWayback Machine ", "AllPolitics",Time ^ Bernstein, Carl; Woodward, Bob (10 October 1972)."FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats" .The Washington Post . Retrieved24 Dec 2018 . ^ "Remembering Ed Muskie Archived 1999-04-27 at theWayback Machine ",Online NewsHour PBS , March 26, 1996 ^ "Washingtonpost.com: George Wallace Remembered" .The Washington Post ^ Molotsky, Irvin (1992-12-07)."Article Says Nixon Schemed To Tie Foe to Wallace Attack" .The New York Times .ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved2024-03-14 . ^ "nixontapes.org - Nixon Tapes and Transcripts" .nixontapes.org . Retrieved2024-03-14 .^a b c "New Strength For McGovern" .The Boston Globe .^a b c "McGovern Gains More Support" .The Minneapolis Star .^ "Proxmire Endorses McGovern" .The Boston Globe .^ "Gruening Back In Headlines Again" .Daily Sitka Sentinel .^ "Denholm: Reactions" .The Daily Republic .^a b c "Black Supporters Boost McGovern's Campaign" .The Lowell Sun .^a b "Tunney Dropped From California Delegation" .Redlands Daily Facts .^ "Denholm: McGovern Is Leader of Issues" .The Daily Republic .^a b "Drinan Endorsed McGovern's Candidacy" .The Lowell Sun .^ "McCloskey Endorses McGovern" .The Boston Globe .^a b c "State Democratic Leaders Laud McGovern Decision" .Argus-Leader .^ "Troy Drums Up Midwestern Support For McGovern" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Date Of Primary In California Hangs On A Decision By Reagan" .The New York Times . 26 December 1971.^a b c d e f g h "McGovern And Muskie To Speak" .The Peninsula Times Tribune .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as "Most Florida VIPs Backing Muskie, Jackson, Humphrey" .The Miami Herald .^ Ronan, Thomas P. (10 December 1971)."McGovern In City Criticizes Mayor Doubts Lindsay Could Stand On His" .The New York Times . ^ "Muskie Bids Liberals Form A Coalition To Win Change" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Clingan Backs McGovern For Democratic Nomination" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "McGovern Gains Troy's Support" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "McGovern Endorsed" .Concord Monitor .^a b c d e f "California Lead Held By Muskie" (PDF) .The New York Times .^a b c d e f g h i "New Hollywood Aura Highlights McGovern Dinner" .Los Angeles Times .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj "Who's For Whom" .Newsday (Suffolk Edition) .^a b "McGovern Leaves Democratic Chaos For Ohio" .The Boston Globe .^ "Dave Hoeh Urges Independent To Skip Pete, Vote For George" .Valley News .^a b "3 Democrats Fail To Reach Accord" .The New York Times . 19 December 1971.^a b c d e "Shirley's Great Leap Forward" .Los Angeles Times .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Parker, Jerry (June 5, 1972)."Politicians Aim For The Stars" .The Record . ^a b "McGovern Rally" .Los Angeles Times .^a b c "Stars Plan Benefit Concert For Senator" .Los Angeles Times .^ "Four Sing For Politics At Forum" .Los Angeles Times .^a b c d e "Sen. McGovern Goes After Ohio Blacks" .The Winona Daily News .^a b c d "Scientists For McGovern" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Democratic Hopefuls Jockeying For The Reform Group's Support" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "McGovern To Face Problems At Liberals' Dinners" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Former Woman Paratrooper In Vietnam Says War Is Top Issue In N.H. Primary" .Nashua Telegraph .^ "McCarthy Is Undismayed By His Defeat In Massachusetts Caucus" (PDF) .The New York Times .^a b "The Nation" .The New York Times .^ "Blacks Will Decide President -- Jackson" .The San Francisco Examiner .^ "Issues, Not Pols, Swayed Voters" .The Boston Globe .^ "HHH, McGovern Open Drives In West" .Star Tribune .^ "HHH, McGovern Seek UAW Backing" .The New York Times .^a b c d "Lindsay Asks Senate To Defeat Kleindienst" .The Boston Globe .^a b c d e "Florida Paper Endorses Scoop" .The Daily Herald . Associated Press. March 7, 1972.^ "Gov. Wallace Will Carry South And Border States" .The Daily Sentinel .^a b c "Carter Emphasizes Wallace Stand At Rally" .The Anniston Star .^ "Maddox No Candidate" .The Macon Telegraph .^a b c d e "Footnotes In The News" .Alabama Journal .^ "Melba Backing Wallace On Demo Ticket Only" .Birmingham Post-Herald .^ "Barrow Says Demos Should Back Wallace" .The Tampa Tribune .^ "Carter Says Georgia Delegates Should Support Wallace" .The Columbus Ledger .^ "Black Wallace Supporter Quits" .The Opelika-Auburn News .^ "Mayor Studies Several Races" .The Macon News .^ "Wallace, Jackson 'Even' In Meeting But Wallace Pulls Biggest Crowd" .The Montgomery Advertiser .^ "Wallace For President" .The Miami Herald .^ "Wallace Rally Tonight At Dorton" .The News and Observer .^ "Attendance" .The Charlotte Observer .^ "Klan Wizard Backs Wallace; Cross-Burning Rally Planned" .Fort Lauderdale News .^a b "GCW Pledged Support By S.C. Groups" .The Dothan Eagle .^ "Freeman Endorses Humphrey" .Star Tribune .^ "Ex-Ambassador To Poland Endorses HHH" .The Minneapolis Star .^ "Hubert Starts Campaign For Florida's Primary" .The Austin Daily Herald .^ "Alioto Endorses HHH Candidacy" .The Winona Daily News .^a b "Humphrey On Attacking Cuba: 'Out of One War, Into Another' .The Miami Herald .^a b c d e f g h i "HHH Names Creditor To Head His Fund Drive" .Star Tribune .^a b "Campaigning: A Growing Show Biz Tradition" .The Ithaca Journal .^ "Page Waits In Vain For Advertising Offers" .The Winona Daily News .^a b "Candor Marks Bay Area Demo Caucuses" .The San Francisco Examiner .^a b "HHH Loses Support Of Davis" .Star Tribune .^a b c d e f g h i "Primary Splits Pols, Pals" .The Tennessean .^ "Retail Clerks Group Will Back Humphrey" .The Winona Daily News .^ "United Rubber Workers Union Endorses Humphrey" .The Albert Lea Tribune .^a b c "Top State Democrats To Push Muskie" .Arizona Daily Star .^a b c d e "More Muskie Support" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Top Dems Endorse Muskie During Stopover In Idaho" .Idaho State Journal .^a b c "Key Missourians Choose Muskie" .The Kansas City Star .^ "Hart Backs Muskie" .The Times Herald .^ "Muskie Wins Support Of Senator Hughes Of Iowa" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "McIntyre Backs Muskie Candidacy" .Concord Monitor .^a b "Moss, Rampton Say: Muskie's Our Man in '72 Race" .The Salt Lake Tribune .^a b c "Can Reform Change Nature Of The 'Beast'?" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Endorses Muskie" .The Fresno Bee .^ "Most Florida VIPs Backing Muskie, Jackson, Humphrey" .The Miami Herald .^a b c d e f g h "Muskie Slate Sends SOS On It's [sic] Own" .The Boston Globe .^a b c d e f g "Hop On The Bandwagon" .Desert Dispatch .^ "Udall Supports Muskie" .Tucson Daily Citizen .^a b "Muskie To Campaign In Mass., Penn., Ohio" .The Boston Globe .^ "Kentucky Official Endorses Muskie" .Star Tribune .^ "Gilligan Endorses Muskie for President" .The Delaware Gazette .^ "Most Florida VIPs Backing Muskie, Jackson, Humphrey" .The Miami Herald .^ "Muskie Strong In Central Mass., Third District Observers Think" .The Boston Globe .^a b "Prominent Negro Endorses Muskie; 3 More Senators Reported In Camp" .Alabama Journal .^ "McCloskey, Jackson Paid Fees For Filing In N. Carolina Primary" .Johnson City Press .^a b c d e f "Scoop Jackson's Backers To Converge" .The Olympian . Associated Press.^a b c d Evans, Rowland; Novak, Robert (December 3, 1971)."Jackson Strategists Are Frustrated" .Tri-City Herald . ^a b c "Edith Green Throws Support To Jackson" .The Columbian .^a b "Orlando: Jackson Gains Support" .The Miami Herald .^ "Muskie-To-Humphrey Switches Few So Far" .Dayton Daily News .^a b "New Hat In Ring: Mrs. Chisholm's" (PDF) .The New York Times .^a b c "Blacks, In Shift, Forming Unit For Chisholm" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "Blacks Should Ignore Motives, Accept Any Ally" .The New York Times .^ "Chisholm Slate Is Selected" .Lincoln Journal Star .^ "Abernathy Hails UF" .Southern Illinoisan .^ "The Man Is An Underdog's Best Friend" .Newsday (Suffolk Edition) .^a b "Dream For Women: President Chisholm" (PDF) .The New York Times .^a b "Shirley Chisholm Is Choice Of UCP" .The Item .^ "AIM Designates Sunday 'Yellow Thunder' Day" .The Alliance Times-Herald .^ "Flo Kennedy Laces Politics With Rights Angle" .The Idaho Statesman .^a b c "Panthers Back Mrs. Chisholm" .St. Cloud Times .^ "Rubin Sees Convention Protests" .The Miami Herald .^ "Two Officers Named For Political Club" .Great Falls Tribune .^ "Feminists Outline Major Issues" .Green Bay Press-Gazette .^a b c "Sanford Feels Scott Move Helps Chances" .The Gastonia Gazette .^ "Brook Hays Endorses Sanford" .The Sentinel .^ "Scott Endorses Sanford" .The Daily Times-News .^ "Sanford Gets Endorsement" .The News and Observer .^ "Party Pros Come Through As Sanford Campaign Gains" .The Charlotte Observer .^ "$300,000 Borrowed" .Statesville Record and Landmark .^ "State Not Fertile Soil For Chief Lindsay Aide" .Los Angeles Times .^a b c "Mayor Opens His Home State Campaign" (PDF) .The New York Times .^a b c " .Kenosha News .^a b c d e f Ferretti, Fred (13 November 1971)."Kretchmer to Play Major Role in Lindsay Campaign" .The New York Times . ^a b c "Democratic Hopefuls Jockeying for the Reform Group's Support" (PDF) .The New York Times .^ "AURELIO QUITS TO ASSESS '72 PROSPECT FOR LINDSAY; HAMILTON DEPUTY MAYOR" .The New York Times .^ "Crangle Wins The Hot Seat" .Newsday (Nassau Edition) .^ "Lindsey Aides Direct Campaign" .The Buffalo News .^ "Lindsey-for-President Group Formed to Woo State Delegates" .Arizona Republic .^a b " .The Daily Oklahoman .^ "Fred Harris Ranks Poor Over Space Shuttle" .The Miami News .^ "Delegate Vote" .The Arizona Republic . Phoenix, Arizona. January 31, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "Delegate Vote by Democrats Follows Plan" .The Arizona Daily Star . Tucson, Arizona. February 13, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "Larson Predicts 19 State Delegates to Back Muskie" .The Iowa City Press-Citizen . Iowa City, Iowa. February 28, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "Rival Democratic Factions Negotiate, Near Unification" .The Sun Herald . Biloxi, Mississippi. February 28, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "Mississippi Dispute Is Won By Loyalists" .The New York Times . New York, New York. July 9, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^a b "Muskie Gets 14 of 20 Delegates to Nat'l Confab" .The Valley News . West Lebanon, New Hampshire. March 11, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "State Demos Favor Unpledged Delegates" .The Macon News . Macon, Georgia. March 12, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "Wallace's Victory Freezes Out Florida's Big-Name Delegates" .The Miami Herald . Miami, Florida. March 16, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "Muskie Winner Over McCarthy" .The Chicago Tribune . Chicago, Illinois. March 22, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "Victory in Illinois a major Plum for Muskie to Take to Wisconsin" .The Chicago Tribune . Chicago, Illinois. March 23, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "Muskie Holds On at Iowa Contests" .The Des Moines Register . Des Moines, Iowa. March 27, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "Carolina Delegates to Be Uncommitted" .The New York Times . New York, New York. March 30, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "McGovern Surges to State Victory" .The Wisconsin State Journal . Madison, Wisconsin. April 5, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "Young Demos Deliver Idaho to McGovern" .The Idaho State Journal . Pocatello, Idaho. April 18, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2023 .^ "McGovern Has a Solid Lead in State Delegates" .The Rutland Daily Herlad . Rutlan, Vermont. May 16, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 28, 2023 .^ "McGovern Piles Up Delegates" .The Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts. April 29, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "The Two Georges" .The Philadelphia Inquirer . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. April 27, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "State Democrats Play 'New Politics' Game in Selecting At-Large Delegates" .The News-Item . Shamokin, Pennsylvania. June 12, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Demos Pick Delegates After All-Night Convention Effort" .The Reno Gazette-Journal . Reno, Nevada. May 1, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ " .The Courier-Journal . Louisville, Kentucky. April 30, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Wallace Delegates May Select Blacks" .The Montgomery Advertiser . Montgomery, Alabama. May 14, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 28, 2023 .^ "Humphrey's 47% Wins primary" .The Indianapolis Star . Indianapolis, Indiana. May 3, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "HHH Claims 6 Delegates From McGovern in Ohio" .The Cincinnati Enquirer . Cincinnati, Ohio. May 6, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Final Returns Give Humphrey Ohio Delegation" .The Cincinnati Enquirer . Cincinnati, Ohio. May 11, 1972. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023 .^ "Fauntroy Slate Wins" .The Baltimore Sun . Baltimore, Maryland. May 4, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "Presidential primary Voting Passes 600,000 Over State" .The Tennessean . Nashville, Tennessee. May 6, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Humphrey to Only Get Slim Delegate Margin" .The Winona Daily News . Winona, Minnesota. May 8, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2023 .^ "McGovern Wins 18 Delegates to Humphrey's 4 in Final Total" .The Lincoln Star . Lincoln, Nebraska. June 6, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Humphrey Gains Most Delegates" .The Beckley Post-Herald . Beckley, West Virginia. May 12, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Democratic Delegation Largely Uncommitted" .The Casper Star-Tribune . Casper, Wyoming. May 14, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2023 .^ "McGovern Gets 2.5 Votes" .The Courier-Journal . Louisville, Kentucky. May 15, 1972. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023 .^ "McGovern Backers Claim 12 Delegates – Officially" .The Wichita Eagle . Wichita, Kansas. May 14, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "29 Uncommitted Among 40 Demo State Delegates" .The Sun Herald . Biloxi, Mississippi. May 14, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "La. Demos Pick Edwards to Head Delegation" .The Town Talk . Alexandria, Louisiana. May 21, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Wallace Convention Support Uncertain" .The Detroit Free Press . Detroit, Michigan. May 18, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Leaders of Democrats Get Message: Change Needed" .The Detroit Free Press . Detroit, Michigan. May 18, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Wallace Gets 67 Delegates" .The Detroit Free Press . Detroit, Michigan. June 1, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Muskie Gets All 20" .The Bangor Daily News . Bangor, Maine. May 22, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "Coalition Planning Miami Challenge" .The Honolulu Star-Bulletin . Honolulu, Hawaii. May 22, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "Challenge to Hawaii Officially Dropped" .The Honolulu Advertiser . Honolulu, Hawaii. May 22, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "McGovern and Muskie Split" .The Des Moines Register . Des Moines, Iowa. May 21, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "McGovern Wins 9 Delegates" .The Battleboro Reformer . Battleboro, Vermont. May 22, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 28, 2023 .^ "McGovern Wins All 6 National Delegates at 3rd District Caucus" .The Longview Daily News . Longview, Washington. May 22, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Jackson Capture All of State's 52 Delegates" .The News Tribune . Tacoma, Washington. June 25, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "44 Uncommitted Delegates Chosen by State Demos" .The St. Joseph News-Press . St. Joseph, Missouri. May 24, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Strong Showing for McGovern; Wallace Second" .The Capital Journal . Salem, Oregon. May 24, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "Without Even Visiting the State, McGovern Sweeps Rhode Island" .The Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts. May 24, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Most Alaska Delegates Back Hubert, McGovern" .The Olympian . Olympia, Washington. May 31, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Humphrey Wins Guam Delegates" .The Daily Oklahoman . Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. May 29, 1972. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023 .^ "Virgin Island Delegation Backs Jackson" .Longview Daily News . Chester, Pennsylvania. Feb 25, 1972. RetrievedMay 14, 2024 .^ "McGovern's in Driver's Seat" .The Delaware County Daily Times . Chester, Pennsylvania. May 27, 1972. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023 .^ "McGovern Wins 41 Votes in 5 Contests" .The Berkshire Eagle . Pittsfield, Massacshuetts. June 5, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^a b "37 Kentucky Delegates Are Uncommitted; 10 Go to McGovern" .The Courier-Journal . Louisville, Kentucky. June 4, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "McGovern's Oklahoma Delegate Strength Appears Locked at 10" .The Lawton Constitution . Lawton, Oklahoma. June 5, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "McGovern Tops HHH 45% to 40% in California, Wins 3 Other States" .The Sacramento Bee . Sacramento, California. June 7, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "McGovern Wins Crucial primary in California" .The Argus-Leader . Sioux Falls, South Dakota. June 7, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^a b "McGovern, Wallace Officials OK State Delegate Alignment" .The Albuquerque Journal . Albuquerque, New Mexico. June 8, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Delegates Pick Leaders" .The Record . Hackensack, New Jersey. June 13, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Craig Wins Surprising Victory" .The St. Cloud Times . Saint Cloud, Minnesota. June 12, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2023 .^ "Virginia Delegates to Miami Named" .The Roanoke Times . Roanoke, Virginia. June 10, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^a b "30 of 53 Seen for McGovern" .The Richmond Times-Dispatch . Richmond, Virginia. June 10, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "McGovern Camp Loses Delegate Bid" .The Wichita Eagle . Wichita, Kansas. June 11, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Hearnes Holds Delegation" .The Kansas City Star . Kansas City, Kansas. June 11, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Demo Chief Backs Muskie" .The Tulsa World . Tulsa, Oklahoma. June 13, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Sen. McGovern Pick Up 30 More Delegates" .The Bee . Danville, Virginia. June 12, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "Democratic Convention Ends; Delegation Set" .The Fort Worth Star-Telegram . Fort Worth, Texas. June 15, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "McGovern Assured of Major Share of Delegates" .The Fort Collins Coloradoan . Fort Collins, Colorado. June 18, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "McGovern Assured of Major Share of Delegates" .The Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph . Colorado Springs, Colorado. June 17, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "McGovern Delegate Total Hits 1,113" .The Baltimore Sun . June 19, 1972. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023 .^ "McGovern Gets Most Delegates" .The South Idaho Press . Burley, Idaho. June 19, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2023 .^ "McGovern Wins 11 of 20 Delegates" .The Morning Pioneer . Mandan, North Dakota. June 17, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Demos Face Job of Selling" .The Ogden Standard-Examiner . Ogden, Utah. June 19, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "17 of 20 Montana Demo Delegates to McGovern" .The Missoulian . Missoula, Iowa. June 19, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "McGovern Delegate Total His 1,113" .The Baltimore Sun . June 19, 1972. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023 .^ "State Democrats Equally Divided Among Delegates" .The Fort Collins Coloradoan . Fort Collins, Colorado. June 19, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "McGoven Victory a Blow to State Party Leaders" .The New York Times . New York, New York. June 22, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "State Democrats Head Off Split" .The New York Times . New York, New York. June 25, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Jackson Captures All of State's 52 Delegates" .The News Tribune . Tacoma, Washington. June 25, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2023 .^ "Some State Delegates Would Back McGovern" .The Camden News . Camden, Arkansas. June 26, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2023 .^ "McGovern Wins 5.85 Delegates" .The Morning News . Wilmington, Delaware. June 24, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 .^ "The Candidates' Delegates" .The New York Times .^ Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2010).Guide to U.S. Elections (6th ed.). Washington, DC:CQ Press . p. 415.ISBN 9781604265361
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