| Jazz by decade |
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In the1970s jazz, jazz became increasingly influenced byLatin jazz, combining rhythms from African and Latin American countries, often played on instruments such asconga,timbale,güiro, andclaves, with jazz and classical harmonies played on typical jazz instruments (piano, double bass, etc.). Artists such asChick Corea,John McLaughlin andAl Di Meola increasingly influenced the genre withjazz fusion, a hybrid form of jazz-rockfusion which was developed by combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments, and the highly amplified stage sound of rock musicians such asJimi Hendrix. All Music Guide states that "..until around 1967, the worlds of jazz and rock were nearly completely separate." However, "...as rock became more creative and its musicianship improved, and as some in the jazz world became bored withhard bop and did not want to play strictlyavant-garde music, the two different idioms began to trade ideas and occasionally combine forces."[1]On June 16, 1972, the New York Jazz Museum opened in New York City at 125 West 55th Street in a one and one-half story building. It became the most important institution for jazz in the world with a 25,000 item archive, free concerts, exhibits, film programs, etc.
Miles Davis made the breakthrough into fusion in the 1970s with his albumBitches Brew. Musicians who worked with Davis formed the four most influential fusion groups:Weather Report andMahavishnu Orchestra emerged in 1971 and were soon followed byReturn to Forever andThe Headhunters. Although jazz purists protested the blend of jazz and rock, some of jazz's significant innovators crossed over from the contemporary hard bop scene into fusion. Jazz fusion music often uses mixed meters, odd time signatures, syncopation, and complex chords and harmonies. In addition to using the electric instruments of rock, such as the electric guitar, electric bass, electric piano, and synthesizer keyboards, fusion also used the powerful amplification,"fuzz" pedals,wah-wah pedals, and other effects used by 1970s-era rock bands. Notable performers of jazz fusion includedMiles Davis, keyboardistsJoe Zawinul,Chick Corea,Herbie Hancock, vibraphonistGary Burton, drummerTony Williams, violinistJean-Luc Ponty, guitaristsLarry Coryell,Al Di Meola,John McLaughlin andFrank Zappa, saxophonistWayne Shorter, and bassistsJaco Pastorius andStanley Clarke. Jazz fusion was also popular in Japan where the bandCasiopea released over thirty albums praising Jazz Fusion.
In the mid-1970s,jazz funk became popular, characterized by a strongback beat (groove), electrified sounds,[2] and often, the presence of the first electronicanalog synthesizers. The integration offunk,soul, andR&B music and styles into jazz resulted in the creation of a genre whose spectrum is indeed quite wide and ranges from strongjazz improvisation to soul, funk or disco with jazz arrangements, jazzriffs, and jazz solos, and sometimes soul vocals.[3]
Reader's Digest measured the most popular forms of jazz from 1910 to the 1970s, and the 1970 to 1975 part of the chart listedmodern jazz or bebop as the most popular subgenre,blues as the second-most popular form,ragtime revival and other traditional forms as the third-most,free jazz as fourth-most,jazz rock as the fifth-most popular, andbig band as the least popular.[4]
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